reformation by martin luther
Post on 19-Jun-2015
121 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
REFORMATIREFORMATIONON
Reformation• A religious movement of the 1500’s that led to
Protestantism
• The movement began in 1517 when Martin
Luther, a German monk, protested against
certain practices of the Roman Catholic Church
• About 40 years later, Protestantism was
established in Europe
CAUSES of REFORMATION
oReligious causes
-Corrupt financial practices by the popes and higher
clergy
-The sacraments were often celebrated meaninglessly
oCultural causes
-The study of Hebrew and Greek enabled scholars to read
the Holy Scriptures in the languages in which the original
had been written
oPolitical causes
-The kings were increasing their power over their own people
and against the pope and the emperor
-When the Reformation began, some monarchs broke
completely away from the pope
oEconomic causes
-As the cities grew wealthy and independent, they threw off
the control of local lords and prince-bishops
DEVELOPMENT of the REFORMATION
• The Reformation began within the Catholic Church itself.The Reformation began within the Catholic Church itself.
• On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther, a monk and professor of theology, On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther, a monk and professor of theology,
posted his 95 theses on the door of Castle Church in Wittenburg, Germany.posted his 95 theses on the door of Castle Church in Wittenburg, Germany.
• These theses were a series of statements that attacked the sale of These theses were a series of statements that attacked the sale of
indulgences.indulgences.
• Luther later criticizes what he considered other abuses in the church.Luther later criticizes what he considered other abuses in the church.
• Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther and declared him Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther and declared him heretic.heretic.
• In May 1521, the emperor signed the Edict of Worms, a document that
declared Luther to be an outlaw.
• Protestant
-The one who protests
-The quarrel between Huldreich and Luther led to the first major
split of Protestantism
• John Calvin
-A French protestant, helped establish Protestantism in Geneva,
Switzerland
- Removed images and ornaments from churches
-His plan of church is called Presbyterian (a presbytery is a
council of ministries and laymen)
•Philipp Melanchthon
-A German humanist and scholar
-“Teacher of Germany”
-His survey became the basis of the Saxony Plan.
-Establishment of the secondary schools in every town
under the support and control of the state.
AIMS of EDUCATIONAIMS of EDUCATION• Religious MoralismReligious Moralism
-To live a worthy life on earth will guarantee a glorious here -To live a worthy life on earth will guarantee a glorious here
afterafter
• Protestant EthicProtestant Ethic
-Thrifty living and careful management of material things-Thrifty living and careful management of material things
• Literacy PromotionLiteracy Promotion
-Education must provide adequate training in the duties of the -Education must provide adequate training in the duties of the
home, occupation, church and state.home, occupation, church and state.
3 TYPES of PROTESTANT SCHOOL SYSTEM
• The Vernacular Primary School
• The Classical Secondary School
• The University
METHODS of INSTRUCTION
• Ciceronianism
• Memorization
• Excessive Formalism
• Religious Indoctrination
AGENCIES of EDUCATION and AGENCIES of EDUCATION and contents studiedcontents studied
• Home
• Civil Authorities
• The church
• 3 Types of Protestant School system
OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTIONS to
EDUCATION• Saxony plan
-The development of the state school system.
• The Class-a-Year Plan
• The Vernacular Elementary School
top related