rehva seminar at aquatherm 2014 technologies for nzeb · 2014. 6. 23. · ti rhi te apartment -...
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
REHVA Seminar at
AQUATHERM 2014
Technologies for nZEB
March 5 2014 – 12h00-14h00
Prague, Czech Republic
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
Seminar Programme 12.00-12.20 IEQ and high energy performance buildings
Karel Kabele, CTU in Prague, REHVA President
12.20-12.40 nZEB definitions in Europe
Jarek Kurnitski, Tallinn University of Technology, REHVA Vice-
President
12.40-13.00 HVAC impact on building valuation
Frank Hovorka, Caisse des Dépôts, REHVA Vice-President
13.00-13.20 Energy saving of HVAC systems with continuous monitoring
Zoltan Magyar, Budapest University of Technology, REHVA Vice-
President
13.20-13.40 EN15603 and other 2nd generation of EPB standards: a firm
basis for the NZEB definition
Jaap Hogeling, ISSO, Chair CENTC 371 Program Committee on
EPBD
13.40-14.00 Q&A
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
REHVA professional organisation
representing more than
100 000
building services engineers
from 26 European countries
Established in 1963
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
• More than 100 000 individual members of NA
• Co - operation with more than 1500 industrial companies
• Over 20 journals with more than 110 issues per year
• Close to 100 congresses per year- focus on HVAC and energy
• Hundreds of training events
• Support to more than 10 regular international exhibitions
• But… 26 national languages!
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
REHVA Supporters
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
Daily activities of REHVA
REHVA
Committees
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
Technology and Research Committee
International working-groups, focusing on areas where development and/or
dissemination of knowledge is needed
• Indoor climate and energy of school
buildings
• Building simulation
• Air conditioning inspections
• HVAC in large commercial buildings
• Low energy cooling and thermal comfort
• Advanced air distribution systems
• HVAC for building owners
Task Forces
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
REHVA Task Forces - Guidebooks 2014 - 20 Guidebooks
Available on www.rehva.eu or through National associations 8 REHVA
seminar at
AQUATHER
M 2014
prof.Karel Kabele
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
• Focus on European HVAC technology, policy and regulations
• Six issues a year
• Technical articles
• Website www.rehva.eu
• International editorial board
• Prof. Olli Seppänen, Editor-in-Chief
Publishing and marketing committee
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
Education committee
REHVA Seminars, workshops, courses
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
Education committee
REHVA Student Design Competition for
graduate student and master students.
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
BASIC FACTS
955 participants
60 countries
5 continents
6882 pages proceedings
Year City Papers
1975 Milano
1980 Budapest
1985 Copenhagen 400+
1989 Sarajevo 400
1993 London 229
1997 Brussels 151
2001 Naples 300
2005 Lausanne 300
2007 Helsinki 480
2010 Antalya 517
2013 Praha 702
2016 Aalborg ???
CLIMA HISTORY
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
1. Energy Efficient Heating, Cooling and
Ventilation of Buildings 23,6%
2. Renewable and High-Efficient Energy Sources
5,9%
3. Advanced Heating, Cooling, Ventilation
and Air- Conditioning Systems for Buildings
11,1%
4. Energy Efficient Domestic Hot Water
Supply Systems 1,0%
5. Sanitary Systems - Hygiene of Domestic
Water Supply Systems, Efficient Use of Potable Water, Environmental
Friendly Sewage Disposal
0,9%
6. Advanced Technologies for
Building Acoustics 0,2%
7. Artificial and Day Lighting
1,9%
8. Technologies for Intelligent Buildings
5,4%
9. Quality of Indoor Environment
22,1%
10. Building Certification Schemes
2,8%
11. Integrated Building Design 4,3%
12. Commissioning and Facility Management
3,0%
13. HVAC Best Practise Examples
1,6%
14. Directive on Energy Performance of Buildings
Implementation 4,6%
15. Zero Energy Buildings
6,9%
16. HVAC in Historical Buildings
3,5% 17. Fire Safety of the
Buildings 1,1%
Papers topics
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
INDOOR ENVIRONMENT IN HIGH ENERGY PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS
REHVA seminar at
AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 14
Prof. Ing. Karel Kabele, CSc. CTU in Prague
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Indoor Environment of Buildings
Up to 90 % of our life we spend indoors… ( SZÚ 2012)
4% 7%
68%
16%
5%
Streets with traffic
Out off the streets
Living space
Other interior spaces
Means of transport
Source: Braniš, M., Kolomazníková, J. (2010)
Year-long continuous personal exposure to PM2.5
recorded by a fast responding portable
nephelometer. Atmospheric Environment 44(24):
2865-2872
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Indoor Environment of Buildings
• Ind. Environment influences:
– Health
– Productivity
– Comfort
J. Adam Huggins for The New York Times 26.7.2007
Indoor Environment of Buildings
=
Internal Microclimate
=
Indoor Environment (IE)
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Indoor environment of buildings
Heat - moisture
Air
Lighting
Acoustics
Psychic
Elmg field
Indoor Environment of Buildings Components of IE
– Heat - moisture
– Air quality • gases
• aerosols
• microorganisms
– Acoustics
– Lighting
– Electro -static, -ion, -magnetic, ionizing and radiation field
– Psychological comfort (colors, surfaces, architecture ...)
REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 19
Source : Jokl 1986
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Rehva GB 6
Ventilation rates and sick leave
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Rehva GB 6
Temperature and performance
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ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF THE BUILDINGS
REHVA seminar at
AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 23
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Energy performance of building
Energy performance
Heat
Cool
Air Light
Hot water
… means the calculated or measured amount of energy needed to meet the energy demand associated with a typical use of the building, which includes, inter alia, energy used for: – Heating – Cooling – Ventilation – Hot water – Lighting….
REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 24
Source: DIRECTIVE 2010/31/EU
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IEQ PROBLEMS IN ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS
REHVA seminar at
AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 31
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Building Envelope Facade
– Thermal insulation - limit?
– Advanced materials • Vacuum insulation
• PCM materials
– active facades • Double facades
• Smart "shading„
• Integrated PV, PT systems
Reduction of heating and cooling need
zdroj: autor
zdroj: http://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/photo/aerogel.html
Zdroj:autor
zdroj: autor
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Building envelope
Windows
• Glazing
• Thermal bridges
Active glazing
– electrochromic?
Heat losses and heat load
minimizing
Ensuring daylight
zdroj: autor
zdroj: autor
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Heating of buildings
Heating • Renewable sources
• Heat storage
• Efficient sources
• Efficient heat distribution (pumps)
• Heat emission
• Measurement and control
REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 34
Efficient power and power control
Renewables
zdroj: autor
zdroj: autor
zdroj: autor
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Building and Indoor Environment…
REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 35
Energy performanc
e
Heating
Cooling, moistenin
g
Ventilation
Artificial Lighting
Domestic hot water
Indoor environment of buildings
Heat - moisture
Air
Lighting
Acoustics
Elmg field
Psych
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Cooling
• Reducing heat load
• Efficient chillers
• Accumulation of cold
• Efficient cold distribution
• „High-temperature“ cooling
• Control and strategy(night ventilation)
REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 36
Passive systems
Efficient power and power control
Renewable cold sources
zdroj: autor
zdroj: autor
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REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 37
Energy performanc
e
Heating
Cooling, moistenin
g
Ventilation
Artificial Lighting
Domestic hot water
Indoor environment of buildings
Heat - moisture
Air
Lighting
Acoustics
Elmg field
Psych
Building and Indoor Environment…
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Ventilation
• Ventilation air amount optimization
• CO2, VOC, IAQ sensors
• Low-pressure distribution network
• Natural ventilation
• Control strategy
REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 38
Natural ventilation systems
Controlled mechanical ventilation
source: http://passivesolar.weebly.com
zdroj: autor
zdroj: autor
zdroj: autor
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Example: a consequence of "energy conscious" user behavior
Source : Kabele 2006
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Case study: Refurbished apartment
• Modern, tight windows
• Natural ventilation strategy?
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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
10
:22
11
:49
13
:16
14
:43
16
:10
17
:37
19
:04
20
:31
21
:58
23
:25
0:5
22
:19
3:4
65
:13
6:4
08
:07
9:3
41
1:0
11
2:2
81
3:5
51
5:2
21
6:4
91
8:1
61
9:4
32
1:1
02
2:3
70
:04
1:3
12
:58
4:2
55
:52
7:1
98
:46
10
:13
11
:40
13
:07
14
:34
16
:01
17
:28
18
:55
20
:22
21
:49
23
:16
0:4
32
:10
3:3
75
:04
6:3
1
ČAS
Ko
nce
ntr
ace
[p
pm
]
1000 ppm CO2
CO2
rHe
Ti
rHi
Te
Apartment - bedroom
night night day night day day
-
SCHOOL
-
Windows closed
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
7:0
0
7:1
6
7:3
2
7:4
8
8:0
4
8:2
0
8:3
6
8:5
2
9:0
8
9:2
4
9:4
0
9:5
6
10
:12
10
:28
10
:44
11
:00
11
:16
11
:32
11
:48
12
:04
12
:20
12
:36
12
:52
13
:08
13
:24
13
:40
13
:56
14
:12
14
:28
14
:44
15
:00
15
:16
15
:32
15
:48
16
:04
16
:20
16
:36
16
:52
17
:08
17
:24
17
:40
17
:56
CO
2 [p
pm
]
Ta [
°C]
, Rh
[%
], p
oče
t žá
ků, p
olo
ha
okn
a
čas
POČET ŽÁKŮ POLOHA OKEN TEPLOTA VZDUCHU RELATIVNÍ VLHKOST VENKOVNÍ TEPLOTA KONCENTRACE CO2
1
2 1000 ppm
1500 ppm
-
Windows opened before lesson
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
6:0
0
6:0
9
6:1
8
6:2
7
6:3
6
6:4
5
6:5
4
7:0
3
7:1
2
7:2
1
7:3
0
7:3
9
7:4
8
7:5
7
8:0
6
8:1
5
8:2
4
8:3
3
8:4
2
8:5
1
9:0
0
9:0
9
9:1
8
9:2
7
9:3
6
9:4
5
9:5
4
10
:03
10
:12
10
:21
10
:30
10
:39
10
:48
10
:57
11
:06
11
:15
11
:24
11
:33
11
:42
11
:51
12
:00
12
:09
12
:18
12
:27
CO
2 [
pp
m]
Ta [
°C]
, Rh
[%
], p
oče
t žá
ků, p
olo
ha
okn
a
čas
POČET ŽÁKŮ POLOHA OKEN TEPLOTA VZDUCHU RELATIVNÍ VLHKOST VENKOVNÍ TEPLOTA KONCENTRACE CO2
3
4
1000 ppm
-
REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 45
Energy performanc
e
Heating
Cooling, moistenin
g
Ventilation
Artificial Lighting
Domestic hot water
Indoor environment of buildings
Heat - moisture
Air
Lighting
Acoustics
Elmg field
Psych
Building and Indoor Environment…
-
Light
Daylight and mixed lighting
Light ducts
Effective sources - LED?
Control
Daylighting
Artificial – new sources
zdroj: autor
zdroj: autor
zdroj: autor
-
REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 47
Energy performanc
e
Heating
Cooling, moistenin
g
Ventilation
Artificial Lighting
Domestic hot water
Indoor environment of buildings
Heat - moisture
Air
Lighting
Acoustics
Elmg field
Psych
Building and Indoor Environment…
-
Domestic Hot Water
• DHW consumption!!
• Efficient DHW generation
• Temperature
• Distribution network – Circulation
– Control
• Legionella!!!!
REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 48
0
20
40
60
Hot water demand litres/shower
Water temperature –
hygiene
Human factor
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
6,00
7,00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Co
ld w
ate
r (
w/o
DH
W)
l/p
ers
/hr
hod
Cold water use in residential building
Monday
TuesdayWednesdayThursdayFriday
SaturdaySunday
zdroj: autor
zdroj: autor
source:
http://www.waterhygieneireland.ie
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REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 49 Source : Kabele, Dvořáková 2012
Energy performanc
e
Heating
Cooling, moistenin
g
Ventilation
Artificial Lighting
Domestic hot water
Indoor environment of buildings
Heat - moisture
Air
Lighting
Acoustics
Elmg field
Psych
Building and Indoor Environment…
-
REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 50
Source : Kabele, Dvořáková 2012
Energy performanc
e
Heating
Cooling, moistenin
g
Ventilation
Artificial Lighting
Domestic hot water
Indoor environment of buildings
Heat - moisture
Air
Lighting
Acoustics
Elmg field
Psych
Building and Indoor Environment…
-
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Karel Kabele
kabele@fsv.cvut.cz
REHVA seminar at
AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 51
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