review (waste in our world/ classroom chemistry)

Science Review4 versus 5

Waste and Our World v.

Classroom Chemistry

Grade 4:Unit Understandings

1. Identify plant and animal wastes, and describe how they are recycled in nature. For example, plant leaves serve as a source of food for soil insects, worms and other creatures. The wastes of these animals may then be further broken down by molds, fungi and bacteria.

2. Identify and classify wastes that result from human activity.

3. Describe alternative methods of disposal, and identify possible advantages and disadvantages of each.

4. Distinguish between wastes that are readily biodegradable and those that are not.

5. Compare different kinds of packaging, and infer the relative advantages and disadvantages of that packaging. In evaluating different forms of packaging, students should demonstrate the ability to consider a consumer perspective as well as an environmental perspective.

6. Identify methods of waste disposal currently used within the local community.

7. Identify kinds of wastes that may be toxic to people and to the environment.

8. Identify alternative materials and processes that may decrease the amount of waste produced; e.g., reducing wastage of food, using both sides of a sheet of paper.

9. Identify ways in which materials can be reused or recycled, including examples of things that the student has done.

10. Develop a flow chart for a consumer product that indicates the source materials, final product, its use and method of disposal.

11. Identify actions that individuals and groups can take to minimize the production of wastes, to recycle or reuse wastes and to ensure the safe handling and disposal of wastes.

Grade 5: Unit Understandings1. Recognize and identify examples of the following kinds of mixtures:· two or more solids; e.g., sand and sugar· a solid and a liquid; e.g., sugar and water· two or more liquids; e.g., milk and tea.

2. Apply and evaluate a variety of techniques for separating different materials.

3. Distinguish substances that will dissolve in a liquid from those that will not, and demonstrate a way of recovering a material from solution.

4. Demonstrate a procedure for making a crystal.

Grade 5: Unit Understandings

5. Recognize that the surface of water has distinctive properties, and describe the interaction of water with other liquids and solids.

6. Produce carbon dioxide gas through the interaction of solids and liquids, and demonstrate that it is different from air.

7. Distinguish reversible from irreversible changes of materials, and give examples of each.

8. Recognize and describe evidence of a chemical reaction. Explain how the products of a reaction differ from the original substances.

9. Use an indicator to identify a solution as being acidic or basic.

• You have 30 seconds from when I say go to make a chart on the whiteboard that lists two human wastes and two plant wastes.

HUMAN WASTES PLANT WASTES

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• You have 30 seconds from when I say go to make a chart on the whiteboard that lists two human wastes and two plant wastes.

• What is the main difference between these two wastes?

HUMAN WASTES PLANT WASTES

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• Here you are given 3 mixtures. Name what type of separation method would work best. Explain why you chose that method.

Mixture Sand and Iron Salt and Sand Flour, Sand and Pebbles

Method

• Moulds, fungi, bacteria and worms all help natural wastes break down into soil. What do we call these?

• Moulds, fungi, bacteria and worms all help natural wastes break down into soil. What do we call these?

• Answer: Decomposers

• Please list 3 substances that will dissolve in water and 3 substances that will not dissolve in water.

Substances that dissolve Substances that do not dissolve

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

Garbage Disposal

• List a disadvantage (something that is bad) about getting rid of garbage by the following methods:

• Burning it• Dumping it

Garbage Disposal

• List a disadvantage (something that is bad) about getting rid of garbage by the following methods:

• Burning it• Dumping it

• Answer: Burning garbage releases toxic chemicals into the air

• Dumping garbage when the ground is not lined will allow dangerous liquids to absorb into the ground and water supplies

• Please give a descriptive explanation of how you can make a salt crystal.

Please give a descriptive explanation of how you can make a salt crystal.• Boil water• Add 3 cups of the boiling water to a container• Add salt until the substance is saturated• Suspend a thread over the mouth of the jar so that the

thread touches the water• Wait 1-3 weeks to observe growth

– Do you know why boiling water is used rather than room temperature water?

• List 3 things you can put into a composter. (only one can be fruit/vegetable related)

• List 3 things you can put into a composter. (only one can be fruit/vegetable related)

• Fruit and vegetable remains• Coffee grounds• Egg shells

• Annie is growing crystals in class. She wants to know if using sugar, instead of salt, will result in a faster growing crystal. What is her testable question?

• Annie is growing crystals in class. She wants to know if using sugar, instead of salt, will result in a faster growing crystal. What is her testable question?

• How does using sugar, rather then salt, affect the rate of growth of a crystal?

• Remember the formula “How does ‘manipulated variable’ effect ‘responding variable’.

What does the word ‘biodegradable’ mean?Give one example of something that is not biodegradable.

What does the word ‘biodegradable’ mean?Give one example of something that is not biodegradable.

Answer: Plastic*Technically all things are biodegradable, but some things can take hundreds of years to break down, such as plastic or aluminum.

• When we fill a jar with water, it forms a dome like skin. What term do we use to describe what causes this? Explain what this term means.

• When we fill a jar with water, it forms a convex (dome-like) skin. What term do we use to describe what causes this? Explain what this term means.

• This is caused by surface tension. Surface tension is caused the water molecules are attracted to each other, which causes water beading and the convex skin.

• For lunch your parents take you to Subway. You order a sub. The vendor makes your sandwich, wraps it in paper, puts a napkin around it, and then places it in a plastic bag.

• What is wrong with this scenario?

• For lunch your parents take you to Subway. You order a sub. The vendor makes your sandwich, wraps it in paper, puts a napkin around it, and then places it in a plastic bag.

• What is wrong with this scenario?

• What can you do to reduce waste in this situation?• What can you ask the business to do in order to

reduce was in this situation?

• Cold water is _____________ dense than hot water

• Ice cubes are ________________ dense than cold water

• Cold water is more dense than hot water• Ice cubes are less dense than cold water

• Water is its most dense around 4 degrees, then it becomes less dense.

• List 3 different waste disposal programs in Lethbridge

• List 3 different waste disposal programs in Lethbridge.

• Recycling Depot• Grasscycling• Backyard composting• Christmas Tree Collection• Leaf Fall Collection• Waste and Recycling center (includes hazardous

wastes)

• What is one way we can create carbon dioxide by mixing a solid and a liquid?

• How can we test to make sure that carbon dioxide is created?

• What is one way we can create carbon dioxide by mixing a solid and a liquid?

• How can we test to make sure that carbon dioxide is created?

• Answer: Baking Soda and Vinegar. We can test it by placing a candle in the bottom to observe whether the flame is extinguish. If this happens, we know that carbon dioxide is present.

What do the symbols stand for? Give an example of each one.

What do the symbols stand for? Give an example of each one.

• List 3 things that make carbon dioxide different from oxygen

• List 3 things that make carbon dioxide different from oxygen

• Tasteless• Odourless• Heavier than air• Does not allow fire to burn

• Give an example of how you can reuse the following things:

• Glass Jar• Empty Milk Carton

• When observing changes, what four signs can we look for in order to identify whether or not a chemical change has occurred?

• When observing changes, what four signs can we look for in order to identify whether or not a chemical change has occurred?

• Colour Change• Bubbles• Precipitate • Heat is released

Remember this…

• You have one minute to discuss and decide on at least two materials needed for a bike and where those materials come from.

• If a change is reversible, we call it a ________________ change. An example of this is _________________________.

• If a change is irreversible, we call it a ________________________ change. An example of this is ___________________________.

• If a change is reversible, we call it a physical change. An example of this is dissolving salt in water.

• If a change is irreversible, we call it a chemical change. An example of this is frying an egg.

• List 3 ways that you can reduce waste. This does not include recycling things.

• List 3 ways that you can reduce waste. This does not include recycling things.

• Using a re-useable lunch kit• Saving jars and plastic containers to re-use• Picking up litter• Using both sides of the paper

• If a solution is acidic, it will turn red litmus paper _____________ and blue litmus paper ______________.

• If a solution is basic, it will turn red litmus paper _______________ and blue litmus paper _________________.

• If a solution is acidic, it will turn red litmus paper red (will not change) and blue litmus paper red.

• If a solution is basic, it will turn red litmus paper blue and blue litmus paper blue (will not change).

• Do all the members of your group vow to be more green and look after the Earth for future generations?

• Explain why agreeing to make this decision is important.

• When we look at a pH scale, it shows us how acidic or basic a solution is.

• Drain cleaner is listed as a 14. This means it is very ___________________

• Distilled water is listed as a 7. This means it is ______________________.

• When we look at a pH scale, it shows us how acidic or basic a solution is.

• Drain cleaner is listed as a 14. This means it is very basic

• Distilled water is listed as a 7. This means it is neutral.

• List 3 main point about how a Water Treatment Plant Works

• List 3 main point about how a Water Treatment Plant Works

Answer: • Waste (not sludge) falls to the bottom of a tank

and is taken to the dump• Bacteria eats the wastes• Clean water is released into the river• Sludge is ‘digested’ and spread over crops

Please explain the three types of matter using the words volume, shape, indefinite, definite

Please explain the three types of matter using the words volume, shape, indefinite, definite• Solids have definite shape and definite

volume• Liquids have definite volume and indefinite

shape• Gases have indefinite volume and indefinite

shape

Give 2 reasons way saving and protecting clean water is so important (think back to the videos we watched)

Give an example of something that is extremely acidic. What number would it have on the pH scale?

Give an example of something that is extremely acidic. What number would it have on the pH scale?

Battery Acid (1)Stomach Acid (2)

• List 3 ways that you can save water

• List 3 ways that you can save water

• Turning off the water while brushing your teeth

• Taking short showers instead of baths or long showers

• Not polluting rivers or storm water

What problem might we have if we were testing acidic and basic solutions, but only had blue litmus paper?

What might we have a problem doing if we were testing acids and bases, but only had blue litmus paper?

If it turns red, you know it is an acid. But if the paper does not change colour, you cannot know if it is a base or neutral.