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Sumerian. The ziggurat at Ur (modern Muqaiyir, Iraq). ca. 2550 BCE.

Sumerian. Vessel in the shape of an ostrich egg, from the Royal Cemetery of Ur.

Height: 5-3/4".

Map: Major Mesopotamian capitals, ca. 2600-500 BCE.

Reconstruction drawing of the ziggurat at Ur (modern Muqaiyir, Iraq).ca. 2900–2700 BCE.

Sumerian. Dedicatory statues, from the Abu Temple, Tell Asmar, Iraq. Tallest figure approx. 30" high.

Chart: Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. ca. 2200–2159 BCE.

Akkadian. Cylinder seal impression and the Seal of Adda. ca. 2600 BCE.Height: 1-1/2".

Sumerian. Soundbox panel front of the lyre from Tomb 789 (alternatively identified as the unknown king’s or Puabi’s tomb), from the cemetery at Ur

(modern Muqaiyir, Iraq). ca. 2600 BCE.Height: approx. 12-1/4".

Sumerian. Lyre from Tomb 789 (alternatively identified as the unknown king’s or Puabi’s tomb), from the cemetery at Ur modern Muqaiyir, Iraq).

Restored 1971–1972. ca. 2600 BCE.Height: 44-1/2".

Sumerian. Royal Standard of Ur, front (“War”) side, from tomb 779, cemetery at Ur (modern Muqaiyir, Iraq). ca. 2600 BCE.

Height: 8". Length: 19".

Sumerian. Royal Standard of Ur, back (“Peace”) side, from tomb 779, cemetery at Ur (modern Muqaiyir, Iraq). ca. 2600 BCE.

Height: 8". Length: 19".

Akkadian. Head of an Akkadian Man, from Nineveh (modern Kuyunjik, Iraq). ca. 2300-2200 BCE.

Height: 14-1/8".

Sumerian. Closer Look: Cuneiform writing in Sumer (drawings of pictograms, stylus). ca. 2360 BCE.

Sumerian. Closer Look: Cuneiform writing in Sumer. Sumerian tablet from Lagash, modern Tello, Iraq. ca. 2360 BCE.

Materials & Techniques: Lost-wax Casting (diagram).

Akkadian. Stele of Naramsin, from Susa (modern Shush, Iran). ca. 2254–2218 BCE.Height: approx. 6' 6".

Babylonian. Stele of Hammurabi, from Susa (modern Shush, Iran).ca. 1760 BCE.

Height of stele: approx. 7'. Height of relief: 28".

Assyrian. Ashurnasirpal II Killing Lions, from the palace complex of Ashurnasirpal II, Kalhu (modern Nimrud, Iraq). ca. 850 BCE.

Height: approx. 39".

Assyrian. Human-Headed Winged Bull, one of a pair from the entrance to the palace of Sargon II, Khorsabad, Iraq. ca. 720 BCE.

Height: approx. 13' 10".

Tablet 11 of the Epic of Gilgamesh (fragment), with the Flood Story. From the Library of Ashurbanipal, Nineveh (modern Kuyunjik, Iraq). Second

milennium BCE.

Hebrew. Mosaic floor decorations: The Ark of the Covenant and sanctuary implements. From Hammath, near Tiberias, Israel. Fourth century CE.

Map: The United Monarchy of Israel under David and Solomon.ca. 1000 BCE.

Assyrian. Exile of the Israelites, from the Palace of Sennacherib, Nineveh, Assyria. Late 8th century BCE.

Babylonian. Reconstruction drawing: Babylon's Processional Way & Ishtar Gate as they appeared in the 6th century BCE.

Babylonian. Ishtar Gate, restored, from Babylon. ca. 575 BCE.

Persian. Palace of Darius and Xerxes, Persepolis. 518 to ca. 460 BCE.Palace mount: 545 × 330 yards.

Persian. Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute. Detail, relief from a stairway leading to the Apadana, ceremonial complex, Persepolis, Iran.

491-486 BCE.Height: 8' 4".

Achaemenid. Rhyton. 5th-3rd centuries BCE.

Egyptian. Obelisk of Luxor in the Place de la Concorde, Paris. Dynasty 19. ca. 1279-1213 BCE.

Height: 75'.

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century bce

secondmilennium bce

centuries bce

height of stele

ur modern muqaiyir

height of relief

susa modern

modern tello

Spiritual

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