scientific study of plant life and development?
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Scientific study of plant life and development?
BOTANY
STUDY OF THE EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF PLANTS?
MORPHOLOGY
STUDY OF THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF PLANTS?
ANATOMY OR HISTOLOGY
PASTURES
ANNUAL CROPS
PERENNIAL CROPS
e.g. GRAPES
PISTACHIO – PERENNIAL TREE CROP
PLANT LIFE CYCLES
Annual - a plant that completes its life cycle in one season and dies (e.g. wheat, subclover, peas, beans)
Biennial - a plant that requires two seasons to complete its life cycle. Vegetative phase and flowering phase (e.g. carrot, onion)
Perennial - a plant that lives from year to year (e.g. apple, citrus, tea bush)
Ephemeral - very short lived plants (e.g. desert and tundra plants)
ANGIOSPERMS – FLOWERING PLANTS
GRASSES - POACEAE
MONOCOTYLEDONS
Single seed leaf or cotyledon embryo contains:
coleoptile -- a sheath in which the true leaves and plumule grow
plumule: origin of young leaves --> growing point, crown or node
radicle ---> initial seminal roots coleorhiza -- protective sheath for the radicle
Tillers - axillary shoots that grow later from the growing point
Secondary roots form later, often with tillering
MONOCOT SEED
Adventitious roots grow from the shoot axis just at or above the soil surface.
WHEAT LIFE CYCLE
PHENOLOGY – LIFE CYCLE
RICE GROWTH CYCLE
DICOTYLEDONS
seed has 2 seed leaves /cotyledons cotyledons either hypogeal (below ground) or
epigeal (above ground) embryo
radicle ---> primary root hypocotyl - lifts the cotyledons above the soil epicotyl - main stem and growing point
apical and axillary growing points secondary roots branch from the primary root
to form a structured deep root system
Bean
DICOTYLEDON: EPIGEAL GERMINATION
DICOTYLEDON: HYPOGEAL GERMINATION
Dicotyledonous plants tend to have a dominant tap root, which develops downward, together with limited lateral root growth.
Monocotyledonous plants tend not to have a dominant tap root, instead, the roots branch in many directions creating a fibrous root system.
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