section 1: the nation splits apart. bleeding kansas the victory over mexico in 1848 raised questions...
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UNIT 4: THE UNION IN CRISIS
Section 1: THE NATION SPLITS APART
BLEEDING KANSAS
The victory over Mexico in 1848 raised questions about continued expansion…
Would new territories allow slavery?
COMPROMISE OF 1850 A compromise introduced by Kentuckian Henry Clay keeping the balance of power among the states
COMPROMISE OF 1850
Admitted California as a free stateSet Texas-New Mexico borderOrganized New Mexico and Utah
territories, allowing slavery to be decided by people
Imposed heavy penalties on those aiding runaway slaves (FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT)
KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
May 1854Organized Kansas and Nebraska
territoriesAllowed popular sovereignty to
decided slave issue
Note: before Kansas could be admitted as a state, there had to be a vote by the population to approve a Constitution either allowing or banning slavery
SECTIONAL CONFLICT AND NATIONAL POLITICS
In Kansas, both pro-slavery and free-soilers wrestled for control – violence erupted(in Lawrence, Kansas a group attacked anti-slavery newspapers and burned buildings; on Pottawatomie Creek, John Brown led an attack killing five pro-slavery settlers)
“Bleeding Kansas”
ELECTION OF 1856Events in Kansas dominated the
election – northern Democrats refused to support Stephen Douglas or President Franklin Pierce, and nominated James Buchanan
New Republican party nominated John C. Fremont
American Party nominated former President Millard Filmore
Candidate Party Electoral Votes Popular
Votes
James Buchanan Democratic 174 1,838,169
John C. Fremont Republican 114 1,341,264
Millard Fillmore American 8 873,000
DRED SCOTT DECISION
Pres. Buchanan had vowed not to interfere with slavery where it existed, but tensions increased
Dred Scott vs. Sanford: slave who had lived on free soil for many years; sued for freedom; 1857 Supreme Court ruled against him
JOHN BROWN’S RAID
Radical abolitionist John Brown planned a raid on the U.S. Arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia to get guns for a slave revolt – Brown and his followers captured the arsenal, but a company of U.S. Marines captured Brown – Brown tried with murder and treason, and executed on December 2, 1859
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
Born 1809 in one-room cabin in Kentucky
Moved to Indiana then Springfield, Illinois
1846 elected to Congress – served until 1849
1858 decided to run for U. S. Senate against Stephen Douglas
“LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATES”“house-divided speech”
1860 runs for President as a Republican
ELECTION OF 1860
THE SOUTH SECEDES
A week after Lincoln’s election, South Carolina legislature called a convention – on December 20, 1860, passed a resolution withdrawing South Carolina from the Union
By February 1, 1861, MISSISSIPPI, FLORIDA, ALABAMA, GEORGIA, LOUISIANA, TEXAS had all seceded.
Reactions to Secession
Other states threatened to secede: Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas
Some northerners supported secession – others warned about letting secession occur
Outgoing Pres. Buchanan thought secession wrong, but that the Constitution gave the federal government no power to prevent it
CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA (CSA)In February 1861 representatives of
the seven seceded states met in Montgomery, Alabama to form a new nation
They chose Jefferson Davis President, andAlexander Stephens as Vice-President
The Crittenden Compromise in Washington tried to resolve the crisis, but failed
Jefferson Davisborn in Kentucky – Senator from Mississippi
What led to the CIVIL WAR?(“War Between the States”)1. Economic & Social Differences
Between North and South2. States’ Rights vs. Federal Rights3. Fight Between Slave & Non-Slave
Proponents4. Growth of the Abolition Movement5. Election of Abraham Lincoln6. Secession of Southern States
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