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Research in Vertical Handover
Strategies in 4G Wireless NetworkAdvanced Topic in Telecommunication SystemsET 2511
GROUP - IIName : STANLEY O.OKOYE
Pno: 750214-6819Name: MATIULLAH KHAN
Pno: 720315-7792
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Our Main Agenda
v
Introductionv Generation of Technologies
v Motivation
v Research area- History and Background
v Previous research work
v Current research work and its status
v Literature search and review
v Influential researchers
v Conferences , Journals , Research developmentcommunities
v References
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Introduction
v Generation of Mobile Wireless Network Technologies
v Wireless technologies 1G to 4 G
v What is handover ? Hand over types.
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Technologies (1 G to 2.5 G)v 1G: First generation technology , voice
centric , no SMS
v Developed in 1980s having frequencyrange-?
v
Voice-Only Cellular telephone standardv NTM ( Nordic Mobile Telephone) in NordicCountries
v AMPS ( Advanced Mobile Phone Systems)in US
vTCTS (Total Access CommunicationsSystems) in UK
v
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Technologies (3 G to 4 G)v 3G: Third generation: multimedia services , vice , high speed
internet, real time access
v Developed in ----having frequency range-?
v Supports broadband voice, data and
v Multimedia communications over wireless network
v Main Standards : CDMA2000, WCDMA, UMTS, etc.v Improved digital voice communications
v Larger Bandwidth
v Higher Data rate
v Handover ---Location assisted algorithms (SNR) , initiatehandover
v Limitations, ping pong effects due to weak signalstrengths
v 3GPP: The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (US, Europe)
v GSM specifications, called UMTS system.
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Handover and its typesv What is handover?
v To change the point of connection whenevercommunicating
v Why is handover?
v It is reqired for Mobility
v It is for user preferences
v What is handover objective?
v Handover procedure without a users notice
v To achieve seamless handover
v Intra-mode handover
v It includes the soft-handover, softer-handover and hard-handover
v Inter-mode handover
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Handover typesv Horizontal handover
v Occurs in cells, supports same technology
v Vertical Handover
v Between base stations (BSs) that support differenttechnology
v
Intra administrative domainv MS(Mobile Station switches between Base Stations(BS)
with same or different technology
v Inter administrative domain
v MS(Mobile Station) switches between Base Stations(BS)with same or different technology by differentadministrative domain
v Hard hand over:
v MS disconnects from BS before being connected toanother BS.
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MOTIVATION
v Handover during mobility and communication in a wirelessnetwork
v Vertical handover strategies in 4G wireless network
v Strategies to achieve seamless mobility in 4G wirelessnetwork
v To study factors affecting QoS in 4G wireless network
v
To study algorithms improving QoS in 4G wireless networkv Get to know improvement in handover procedures in
wireless network
v Latency problems in handover decisions
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Research area- History and
Backgroundv Research Area: Vertical handover strategies in 4G wireless
network
v History- strategies to achieve seamless mobility
v Progression of wireless system and communication since
1900 to 1G (first generation) of wireless systemsv 1G- introduced cellular communication in France, UK and
Scandinavia, incompatibility was an issue [2], mainly for voicecommunication [3].
v GSM is voice centric provided 10kbps , good speech quality,lost cost, with limited in data capacity for multimedia services.
v An issue of handover was aroused with the evolution ofinternet
v 3G wireless network -developed (UMTS) in 2001 for Europe.
v GSM, IS-95 CDMA , AMPS in US and many other exist.
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Handover
v Algorithms proposed by various researchers to reducelatency during handover decision
v Location based vertical handoff decision algorithms[4] for vertical handoff procedure , provides
v Location
v Mobility information
v Unified handover management [5] using frametransmission for TCP over WLAN, without communicationinterruption due to handover.
v Fast and seamless handoff algorithms were proposed.
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Current Research Work on
Handoverv Qualcomm6 incorporated ,
v In collaboration with Ericsson succeeded in its firstvoice call handover from an LTE network to a WCDMAnetwork [6].
v A successful indication with handover problems in,beyond 3G networks.
v Authors: Chunming Liu (C. Liu) and Dr. Chi Zhou(C.Zhou )
v Their efforts has led to the extension of Mobile IPv6namely IDMP-based fast handoffs
v To realize seamless handoff among various
communication systems with
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Strategies Used in Searching For
Topic
v Few hours brainstorming
v Looking for technologies over internet
v 2G - is voice centric ,an issue
v 3G -
v Has issue with (QoS ) Quality of Service
v More promising with multimedia services and data rate.
v
Issue like packet drop as a result of handoverprocedure between BSS in case of WLAN
v Our final selection of topic:
v 4G multimedia services like audio , real time videoconferencing , voice and VoIP, required efficient handoverprocedure hence we selected this topic.
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Influential researchers
v Selection of influential authors on the area
v Rating an author or group of authors as moreinfluential
v
Considering the number of citations to thewritten papers
v Authors: Hyungkeuk Lee, Hyukmin Son and
Sanghoon Lee Number of citations: 9
v Researched on OFDM-Based Semi-softHandover for High Data Rate Services.
v
Emphasized on to avoid the discrepancies in softand hardcover issues proposed hybrid handover
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Influential researchersv Authors:
Kim, Tae-Hyong, Yang Qiping, Lee, Jae-Hyoung,Park, Soon-Gi, Shin, Yeon-Seung
Number of citations: 9
v Researched on : A Mobility Management Technique withSimple Handover Prediction for 3G LTE Systems
v Algorithm proposed: handover-prediction algorithm is foreNodeBs handover
v Less number of handovers
v Lower rate of ping pong as compared to UMTS standardmobility technique.
v eNodeB- in Automatical mobility management system
v Showed 10% better than UMTS standards for small
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Influential researchersv Authors:
Taleb, Tarik ,Letaief, Khaled Benv Researched on: A Cooperative Diversity Based Handoff
Management Scheme
v Algorithm proposed: Number of citations: 30
v First enhancement: To PHMIPv6 scheme based on LTE-Link Time Expiration,
called CSA PHMIPv6- Connection StabilityAware PHMIPv6
v
Second enhancement : To PHMIPv6 scheme , aimed atreduced dependability on MN
called PLDPHMIPv6 Partner LessDependable PHMIPv6
v
Reasons:v
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Influential researchersv Authors Conclusion:
v Earlier proposed PHMIPv6:
v Suffered from the highest number of packetdrops hence
v Worse with moving speeds of MH with PNs
v CSA PHMIPv6 (Connection Stability Aware PHMIPv6)
v Attained much lower packet drops
v
Has LTE (Link Time Expiration) dynamically acceptsnodes in cooperative handoffs steps attains sableconnection in between MH and PNs.
v PLDPHMIPv6 (Partner Less Dependable PHMIPv6)
v Minimum number of dropped packets for roamingnodes with different speeds
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Influential researchersv Authors:
Ahmed H. Zahran and Ben Liang
Researched on: Performance Evaluation Framework forVertical Handoff Algorithms in HeterogeneousNetworks. Number of citations: 7
v Algorithm proposed:
v Vertical Handover algorithm that affects systemresources
v Impact on QoS perceived by the user.
v Impact on system resources
v Satisfaction of user , consumers and ISPs
v Authors conclusion:
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List of Conferences
v IEEE, Global Telecommunications Conference, (GTC) [4].
v IEEE, Consumer Communications and NetworkingConference [5].
v IEEE 18th International Symposium, 2007 [9].
v Second LACCEI International Latin American and CaribbeanConference for Engineering and Technology (LACCEISecond LACCEI International Latin American and CaribbeanConference for Engineering and Technology (LACCEI2004)[3].
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List of Journals
v IEEE, Vehicular Technology Conference [7]
v Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions [10]
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Research and Development
Community
v (CREDC) Community Research and Development Centre
v (CORDIS) Community Research and Development
Information Service
v (EUROPA-CORDIS)-Community Research and Development
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References[1]
http://wireless.ece.ufl.edu/jshea/HistoryOfWirelessCommunication.html dated Review 13,4 (2012)
[2] http://www.privateline.com/mt_gsmhistory Review 13,4(2012)
[3] Second LACCEI International Latin American and CaribbeanConference for Engineering and Technology (LACCEI SecondLACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference forEngineering and Technology (LACCEI2004)
[4] J. Zhang, H. C. Chan, and V. C. Leung, WLC14-6: A Location-Based Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithm for Heterogeneous
Mobile Networks, in Global Telecommunications Conference, 2006.GLOBECOM06. IEEE, 2006, pp. 15.
[5] K. Tsukamoto, S. Kashihara, and Y. Oie, Handover Managementbased on the Number of Frame Retransmissions for TCP overWLANs, in Consumer Communications and Networking
Conference, 2007. CCNC 2007. 4th IEEE, 2007, pp. 374379.
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References[7]
http://markets.on.nytimes.com/research/stocks/news/pressrelease.asp
[8 ] A. H. Zahran and B. Liang, Performance evaluation frameworkfor vertical handoff algorithms in heterogeneous networks, inCommunications, 2005. ICC 2005. 2005 IEEE InternationalConference on, 2005, vol. 1, pp. 173178.
[9] H. Lee, H. Son, and S. Lee, OFDM-Based Semi-Soft Handover forHigh Data Rate Services, in Personal, Indoor and Mobile RadioCommunications, 2007. PIMRC 2007. IEEE 18th International
Symposium on, 2007, pp. 15.[10]T. Taleb and K. Letaief, A cooperative diversity based handoffmanagement scheme, Wireless Communications, IEEETransactions on, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 14621471, 2010.
[11] C. Liu and C. Zhou, Challenges and Solutions for HandoffIssues in 4G Wireless Systems An Overview, in proceeding of the
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Conclusionv Mobility in wireless networks may not be possible without
handover algorithms.
v Horizontal handover deals with layer 2 handover BSS in
WLAN Networks
v Vertical handover care of switching across differentnetworks ( UMTS to WLAN)
v In 4G :
v VHO (Vertical Handover) algorithms ensure minimum dataloss during handover
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Acknowledgements
v Special thanks to managers of the course Advanced Topic in
Telecommunication Systems
v Our sincere appreciations to Dr. David Erman for his constantguidance and counseling
v Our gratitude to BTH Librarians for their special guidance
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Questions and Suggestions
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