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Research in Vertical Handover

Strategies in 4G Wireless NetworkAdvanced Topic in Telecommunication SystemsET 2511

GROUP - IIName : STANLEY O.OKOYE

Pno: 750214-6819Name: MATIULLAH KHAN

Pno: 720315-7792


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Our Main Agenda

v

Introductionv Generation of Technologies

v Motivation

v Research area- History and Background

v Previous research work

v Current research work and its status

v Literature search and review

v Influential researchers

v Conferences , Journals , Research developmentcommunities

v References


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Introduction

v Generation of Mobile Wireless Network Technologies

v Wireless technologies 1G to 4 G

v What is handover ? Hand over types.


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Technologies (1 G to 2.5 G)v 1G: First generation technology , voice

centric , no SMS

v Developed in 1980s having frequencyrange-?

v

Voice-Only Cellular telephone standardv NTM ( Nordic Mobile Telephone) in NordicCountries

v AMPS ( Advanced Mobile Phone Systems)in US

vTCTS (Total Access CommunicationsSystems) in UK

v


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Technologies (3 G to 4 G)v 3G: Third generation: multimedia services , vice , high speed

internet, real time access

v Developed in ----having frequency range-?

v Supports broadband voice, data and

v Multimedia communications over wireless network

v Main Standards : CDMA2000, WCDMA, UMTS, etc.v Improved digital voice communications

v Larger Bandwidth

v Higher Data rate

v Handover ---Location assisted algorithms (SNR) , initiatehandover

v Limitations, ping pong effects due to weak signalstrengths

v 3GPP: The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (US, Europe)

v GSM specifications, called UMTS system.


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Handover and its typesv What is handover?

v To change the point of connection whenevercommunicating

v Why is handover?

v It is reqired for Mobility

v It is for user preferences

v What is handover objective?

v Handover procedure without a users notice

v To achieve seamless handover

v Intra-mode handover

v It includes the soft-handover, softer-handover and hard-handover

v Inter-mode handover


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Handover typesv Horizontal handover

v Occurs in cells, supports same technology

v Vertical Handover

v Between base stations (BSs) that support differenttechnology

v

Intra administrative domainv MS(Mobile Station switches between Base Stations(BS)

with same or different technology

v Inter administrative domain

v MS(Mobile Station) switches between Base Stations(BS)with same or different technology by differentadministrative domain

v Hard hand over:

v MS disconnects from BS before being connected toanother BS.


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MOTIVATION

v Handover during mobility and communication in a wirelessnetwork

v Vertical handover strategies in 4G wireless network

v Strategies to achieve seamless mobility in 4G wirelessnetwork

v To study factors affecting QoS in 4G wireless network

v

To study algorithms improving QoS in 4G wireless networkv Get to know improvement in handover procedures in

wireless network

v Latency problems in handover decisions


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Research area- History and

Backgroundv Research Area: Vertical handover strategies in 4G wireless

network

v History- strategies to achieve seamless mobility

v Progression of wireless system and communication since

1900 to 1G (first generation) of wireless systemsv 1G- introduced cellular communication in France, UK and

Scandinavia, incompatibility was an issue [2], mainly for voicecommunication [3].

v GSM is voice centric provided 10kbps , good speech quality,lost cost, with limited in data capacity for multimedia services.

v An issue of handover was aroused with the evolution ofinternet

v 3G wireless network -developed (UMTS) in 2001 for Europe.

v GSM, IS-95 CDMA , AMPS in US and many other exist.


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Handover

v Algorithms proposed by various researchers to reducelatency during handover decision

v Location based vertical handoff decision algorithms[4] for vertical handoff procedure , provides

v Location

v Mobility information

v Unified handover management [5] using frametransmission for TCP over WLAN, without communicationinterruption due to handover.

v Fast and seamless handoff algorithms were proposed.


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Current Research Work on

Handoverv Qualcomm6 incorporated ,

v In collaboration with Ericsson succeeded in its firstvoice call handover from an LTE network to a WCDMAnetwork [6].

v A successful indication with handover problems in,beyond 3G networks.

v Authors: Chunming Liu (C. Liu) and Dr. Chi Zhou(C.Zhou )

v Their efforts has led to the extension of Mobile IPv6namely IDMP-based fast handoffs

v To realize seamless handoff among various

communication systems with


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Strategies Used in Searching For

Topic

v Few hours brainstorming

v Looking for technologies over internet

v 2G - is voice centric ,an issue

v 3G -

v Has issue with (QoS ) Quality of Service

v More promising with multimedia services and data rate.

v

Issue like packet drop as a result of handoverprocedure between BSS in case of WLAN

v Our final selection of topic:

v 4G multimedia services like audio , real time videoconferencing , voice and VoIP, required efficient handoverprocedure hence we selected this topic.


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Influential researchers

v Selection of influential authors on the area

v Rating an author or group of authors as moreinfluential

v

Considering the number of citations to thewritten papers

v Authors: Hyungkeuk Lee, Hyukmin Son and

Sanghoon Lee Number of citations: 9

v Researched on OFDM-Based Semi-softHandover for High Data Rate Services.

v

Emphasized on to avoid the discrepancies in softand hardcover issues proposed hybrid handover


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Influential researchersv Authors:

Kim, Tae-Hyong, Yang Qiping, Lee, Jae-Hyoung,Park, Soon-Gi, Shin, Yeon-Seung

Number of citations: 9

v Researched on : A Mobility Management Technique withSimple Handover Prediction for 3G LTE Systems

v Algorithm proposed: handover-prediction algorithm is foreNodeBs handover

v Less number of handovers

v Lower rate of ping pong as compared to UMTS standardmobility technique.

v eNodeB- in Automatical mobility management system

v Showed 10% better than UMTS standards for small


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Taleb, Tarik ,Letaief, Khaled Benv Researched on: A Cooperative Diversity Based Handoff

Management Scheme

v Algorithm proposed: Number of citations: 30

v First enhancement: To PHMIPv6 scheme based on LTE-Link Time Expiration,

called CSA PHMIPv6- Connection StabilityAware PHMIPv6

v

Second enhancement : To PHMIPv6 scheme , aimed atreduced dependability on MN

called PLDPHMIPv6 Partner LessDependable PHMIPv6

v

Reasons:v


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Influential researchersv Authors Conclusion:

v Earlier proposed PHMIPv6:

v Suffered from the highest number of packetdrops hence

v Worse with moving speeds of MH with PNs

v CSA PHMIPv6 (Connection Stability Aware PHMIPv6)

v Attained much lower packet drops

v

Has LTE (Link Time Expiration) dynamically acceptsnodes in cooperative handoffs steps attains sableconnection in between MH and PNs.

v PLDPHMIPv6 (Partner Less Dependable PHMIPv6)

v Minimum number of dropped packets for roamingnodes with different speeds


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Ahmed H. Zahran and Ben Liang

Researched on: Performance Evaluation Framework forVertical Handoff Algorithms in HeterogeneousNetworks. Number of citations: 7

v Algorithm proposed:

v Vertical Handover algorithm that affects systemresources

v Impact on QoS perceived by the user.

v Impact on system resources

v Satisfaction of user , consumers and ISPs

v Authors conclusion:


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List of Conferences

v IEEE, Global Telecommunications Conference, (GTC) [4].

v IEEE, Consumer Communications and NetworkingConference [5].

v IEEE 18th International Symposium, 2007 [9].

v Second LACCEI International Latin American and CaribbeanConference for Engineering and Technology (LACCEISecond LACCEI International Latin American and CaribbeanConference for Engineering and Technology (LACCEI2004)[3].


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List of Journals

v IEEE, Vehicular Technology Conference [7]

v Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions [10]


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Research and Development

Community

v (CREDC) Community Research and Development Centre

v (CORDIS) Community Research and Development

Information Service

v (EUROPA-CORDIS)-Community Research and Development


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References[1]

http://wireless.ece.ufl.edu/jshea/HistoryOfWirelessCommunication.html dated Review 13,4 (2012)

[2] http://www.privateline.com/mt_gsmhistory Review 13,4(2012)

[3] Second LACCEI International Latin American and CaribbeanConference for Engineering and Technology (LACCEI SecondLACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference forEngineering and Technology (LACCEI2004)

[4] J. Zhang, H. C. Chan, and V. C. Leung, WLC14-6: A Location-Based Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithm for Heterogeneous

Mobile Networks, in Global Telecommunications Conference, 2006.GLOBECOM06. IEEE, 2006, pp. 15.

[5] K. Tsukamoto, S. Kashihara, and Y. Oie, Handover Managementbased on the Number of Frame Retransmissions for TCP overWLANs, in Consumer Communications and Networking

Conference, 2007. CCNC 2007. 4th IEEE, 2007, pp. 374379.


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References[7]

http://markets.on.nytimes.com/research/stocks/news/pressrelease.asp

[8 ] A. H. Zahran and B. Liang, Performance evaluation frameworkfor vertical handoff algorithms in heterogeneous networks, inCommunications, 2005. ICC 2005. 2005 IEEE InternationalConference on, 2005, vol. 1, pp. 173178.

[9] H. Lee, H. Son, and S. Lee, OFDM-Based Semi-Soft Handover forHigh Data Rate Services, in Personal, Indoor and Mobile RadioCommunications, 2007. PIMRC 2007. IEEE 18th International

Symposium on, 2007, pp. 15.[10]T. Taleb and K. Letaief, A cooperative diversity based handoffmanagement scheme, Wireless Communications, IEEETransactions on, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 14621471, 2010.

[11] C. Liu and C. Zhou, Challenges and Solutions for HandoffIssues in 4G Wireless Systems An Overview, in proceeding of the


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Conclusionv Mobility in wireless networks may not be possible without

handover algorithms.

v Horizontal handover deals with layer 2 handover BSS in

WLAN Networks

v Vertical handover care of switching across differentnetworks ( UMTS to WLAN)

v In 4G :

v VHO (Vertical Handover) algorithms ensure minimum dataloss during handover


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Acknowledgements

v Special thanks to managers of the course Advanced Topic in

Telecommunication Systems

v Our sincere appreciations to Dr. David Erman for his constantguidance and counseling

v Our gratitude to BTH Librarians for their special guidance


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Questions and Suggestions

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