shaper,planer2.pdf
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Production Technology (DPE 101)Dr. M. Atta
Feb. 2011 1
Processes for machining horizontal, vertical and inclined flat and
contoure sur aces, s ots, grooves an ot er recesses y means ospecial single point cutting tools.
.
Surface produced by a shaper
e - oc
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Production Technology (DPE 101)Dr. M. Atta
Feb. 2011 2
Difference between the three types
Shaper Planer Slotter
1
the tool on the ram is moved
back and forth across the work.
workpiece on the table travels
back and forth under the tool
the tool on the ram is moved up
and down across the work.
2
jobs
.
Jobs as large as 6 metre wide
and twice as long can be
machined.
smaller jobs.
3 Is a light machine It is a heavy duty machine. Slotting is light machine
4Can employ light cuts and finer
feed.
Can employ heavier cuts and
coarse feed.
Can employ light cuts and finer
feed.
5 Uses one cutting tool at a time Several tools can cutsimultaneously.
Shaper uses one cutting tool at atime
Driven using quick- return link The drive on the planer table is The rams are either crank-driven
6 mechanism either by gears or by hydraulic
means
or hydraulically driven.
7 It is less rigid and less robust Better rigidity that give more It is less rigid and less robust
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Production Technology (DPE 101)Dr. M. Atta
Feb. 2011 3
a) Shaping b) Planing c) Slott ing
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Production Technology (DPE 101)Dr. M. Atta
Feb. 2011 4
ShapingSpecification of shaper
1. Maximum ram stroke (mm)
2. Work table surface (W*L)3. No. of stroke per min (st/min)
4. Motor ower KW
(1) The column(7) The slot with the clamp.
8 The tool slide and feed screwe mo or
(3) the ram(4) the table
handle.(9) Ratchet and pawl mechanism
(10) the elevating screw of the table.
(6) clapper box uppor rac e
(12) The levers for setting (st/min)
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Production Technology (DPE 101)Dr. M. Atta
Feb. 2011 5
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Production Technology (DPE 101)Dr. M. Atta
Feb. 2011 6
Specification of planer
1. Max. Workpiece dimension
(W*L)2. Table speed (m/min)
3. Vertical tool feed er stroke mm
4. Table motor power (KW)
Planer
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Production Technology (DPE 101)Dr. M. Atta
Feb. 2011 7
Specification of slotter
.
2. Work table diameter (mm)
3. Max distance between tool post
4. Max distance between ram
guide and work table (mm). o or power
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Production Technology (DPE 101)Dr. M. Atta
Feb. 2011 8
Quick-return mechanismsThese types of machine tool are of rectilinear cutting
motion therefore, the rotary motion of the drive is converted
into reciprocating motion.
The metal is removed in the forward cutting stroke, while
the return stroke goes idle and no metal is removed during
this period.The cutting mechanism is so designed that it moves at a
comparatively slower speed during forward cutting stroke,
a faster speed to reduce the idle return time.
.
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Production Technology (DPE 101)Dr. M. Atta
Feb. 2011 9
The reciprocating movement of the ram and the quick
anyone of the following methods:
1. Lever rocker arm mechanism (shaper).
2. Slider crank mechanism slotter .
3. With worth quick return mechanism (shaper and slotter).
. y rau c system a t e types .
5. Variable speed reversible motor (slotter and planer).
6. Rack and pinion mechanism (planer).
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Production Technology (DPE 101)Dr. M. Atta
Feb. 2011 10
Hydraulic system
1. Greater flexibility of speed (infinite variable)
2. Smoother in operation
3. Ability to slip in case of overload, thus eliminating tool andmachine damage
. .
5. Providing a constant speed all over the stroke.
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Production Technology (DPE 101)Dr. M. Atta
Feb. 2011 11
Rack and inion mechanism
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Production Technology (DPE 101)Dr. M. Atta
Feb. 2011 12
Lever rocker arm mechanism
1. Speed adjustment 3. Stroke osition
2. Stroke length
adjustment
adjustment
4. Quick return action
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Production Technology (DPE 101)Dr. M. Atta
Feb. 2011 13
Quick return action
Cutting ration =Time for cutting stroke
=tC
Angle of cutting=
C
= =1
s ro eng e o return
strokeR
return action (inverse proportional).
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Feb. 2011 14
Feed Mechanism
1. Driving disc
2. Drivin in
3. Connecting link
4. The pawl carrier. aw
6. The ratchet wheel
How to reverse the direction of the machine table and to
make the feeding rate zero.
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Production Technology (DPE 101)Dr. M. Atta
Feb. 2011 15
Tool mountingTool head
Back block
Tool post
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Production Technology (DPE 101)Dr. M. Atta
Feb. 2011 16
Work holding devices
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Production Technology (DPE 101)Dr. M. Atta
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Machining time
iW.
)1( mNL
Nfm
. 1000c
sL
N
.2
mVV Rc
V is the average cutting speed
Vc is the mean cutting speedVRis the mean return speed
= w w1 w2m is the inverse of the cutting ratio
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Production Technology (DPE 101)Dr. M. Atta
Feb. 2011 18
It is required to machine three slots, in a workpiece, of 20 mm.
wide and 30 mm. hei ht b a sha in machine. The stroke len th
is 450 mm. the shaper makes 30 stroke/min with feed rate 0.25
mm/stroke and cuttin an le 210. Take the de th of cut e ual 5
mm. Calculate:
1 Avera e cuttin and return s eeds.
2) The machining time.
3 How can the feed ad usted if the sha er table cross slide lead
screw has 5 mm. pitch and tooth wheel of 75 teeth.
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