short-term intervention, long-term change: two case studies from the university of toronto tyler...
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Short-term intervention, long-term change:Two case studies from the University of Toronto
Tyler Hunt, MAProject Coordinator, Sustainability Office
University of Toronto
Thanks and acknowledgements to: Elah Feder, non-presenting author
Beth Savan, Director, Sustainability OfficeZannah Matson, Graduate, University of Toronto
Photo purchased from iStock
• over 250 buildings on three campuses
• the U of T community:• 65,000 students• 10,000 staff• 6,000 faculty
The University of Toronto: A city within a city
• Director, Beth Savan• 2 Sustainability Coordinators• 2.5 Project Coordinators• 25+ students/year (coursework, volunteer, part-time work)
The Sustainability Office
As a result…
• Funding, staffing and student hours limit– Campaign duration– Campaign scope
• therefore, selecting the best strategies is critical to create enduring change
Case study 1: Fume Hoods
Case study 1: Fume Hoods
Fume hoods use incredible amounts of energy
> + +•Fume hoods exhaust large volumes of air
•Exhausted air must be replaced with fresh supply air•Supply air must be heated/cooled
Less exhaust less supply air
less energy to condition supply air
Case Study 1: VAV Fume Hoods
Goal: Minimize air flow through fume hoods, while maintaining or improving safety
Encourage fume hood users to position sashes1) as low as possible when not
in use2) at safe working height when
in use
Case Study 1: Fume Hoods
1) Awareness raising• presentation• website • visual prompts
2) Competition• ‘Sash Patrol’• stamps• prizes
Case Study: Fume Hoods Results
Case Study: Fume Hoods Results
Case Study: Lessons Learned
• program endurance
• use of commitments
• ‘ownership’ of the campaign (discussion vs. lecture)
• competition Staats, H., Harland, P. and Wilke, H. (2004), “Effecting durable change a team approach to improve environmental behavior in the household”, Environment and Behavior, Vol. 36 No. 3: 341-67.Dwyer, W.O., Leeming, F.C., Cobern, M.K., Porter, B.E. and Jackson, J.M. (1993), “Critical review of behavioural interventions to preserve environment: research since 1980”, Environmental Behavior, Vol. 25 No. 3: 275-321.Bachman and Katzev, 1982; Pardini and Katzev, 1983-1984; Katzev and Pardini, 1987-88; Katzev and Johnson, 1984; Katzev and Johnson, 1983
Gneezy, U. and Rustichini, A. (2000), “Pay enough or don't pay at all” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 115 No. 3: 791-810.Lepper, M.R., Greene, D. and Nisbett, R.E. (1973), “Undermining children's intrinsic interest with extrinsic rewards: a test of the ‘overjustification’ hypothesis” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 28 No. 1: 129-37.
Gardner & Stern. Environmental Problems and Human Behaviours. Needham Heights: Allyn & Bacon, Inc., 1996
Case study 2: Printer Defaults in Libraries
• started with a challenge…
• first pilot
• positive results
Case study 2: Printer Defaults in Libraries
• expansion to Central Libraries
• information & awareness (site specific)
Case study 2: Results of UptakePr
opor
tion
of jo
bs d
oubl
e-si
ded
Sheets of Paper Saved In Libraries
Sheets actually used since initiatives started (up until June 2011) 1,823,789
Sheets that would be been used without increase in double-siding 2,745,694
SHEETS SAVED SINCE INITIATIVES STARTED 921,905(A PERCENTAGE REDUCTION OF) 34%
PREDICTED ANNUAL SAVINGS (based on calculated 756,421 percentage reduction)
Defaults did lead to incredible results, however…
–opportunities to default
– cost of technological change
– intrinsic motivations present?
Lessons Learned
• importance of evaluation
• consideration of tools (i.e. competition)
• technological and behavioural opportunities are unique for each project
Concluding thoughts
Tyler Hunt, MAProject Coordinator
t.hunt@utoronto.ca416-978-6792
University of Toronto Sustainability Officesustainability@utoronto.ca
www.sustainability.utoronto.ca
facebook.com/sustainableUofTtwitter.com/sustainableUofTsustainableUofT.tumblr.com
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