simultaneous eeg and emg biofeedback for peak performance in musicians n.pop-jordanova, o.bazanova*,...

Simultaneous EEG and EMG Biofeedback for Peak

Performance in Musicians

Simultaneous EEG and EMG Biofeedback for Peak

Performance in MusiciansN.Pop-Jordanova, O.Bazanova*, D. Georgiev**, A.Kondratenko***,

O.Kondratenko***, S.Markovska-Simoska**, J.Mernaya*

Faculty of Medicine, Skopje*Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk

**Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje*** Macedonian Music Academy, Skopje

N.Pop-Jordanova, O.Bazanova*, D. Georgiev**, A.Kondratenko***, O.Kondratenko***, S.Markovska-Simoska**, J.Mernaya*

Faculty of Medicine, Skopje*Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk

**Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje*** Macedonian Music Academy, Skopje

Conjunct COST B27 and SAN Scientific Meeting,Swansea, UK, 16-18 September 2006

Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 2

The title, The title, the affiliationthe affiliation the aimthe aim

The title, The title, the affiliationthe affiliation the aimthe aim

MacedoniaMacedoniaRussia Russia

"Never must your fingers stand in the way of your artistic interpretation,"

Carl Czerny

"Never must your fingers stand in the way of your artistic interpretation,"

Carl Czerny

The EMG and EEG features of musical

performance skills

The EMG and EEG features of musical

performance skills

Biofeedback

for musical performance skills

Biofeedback

for musical performance skills

STATEMENTSSTATEMENTSSTATEMENTSSTATEMENTS

• Musical performance skills rely on cognitive processes of awareness and optimal muscle activation without increasing the tension of muscles which do not participate in the execution. .

• Musical performance skills rely on cognitive processes of awareness and optimal muscle activation without increasing the tension of muscles which do not participate in the execution. .

(Bernstein, 1967)

Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 6

(Lotze M. & al. 2003)

Skilled musicians use much less motor areas of brain than non musicians

(Petsche & Etlinger, 1998, Hassler 2000, Bazanova & al 2003, Bazanova &Kondratenko, 2005)

The electrophysiological indices of OPTIMAL functioning of musician-performer

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nonmusicians

students

skilledmusicians

EMG - Biofeedback reduces on target muscle tension of musicians performers

EMG - Biofeedback reduces on target muscle tension of musicians performers

Biofeedback in training for musical performance

Biofeedback in training for musical performance

(Hale,1981; Zinn et Zinn, 2003; Paterson et al 2005)

Theta/alpha training for musicalityTheta/alpha training for musicality

Egner,Gruzeleir 2003

Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 9

InterfaceInterfaceInterfaceInterface

Monitor Monitor presentationpresentationMonitor Monitor presentationpresentation

Biofeedback signalBiofeedback signalBiofeedback signalBiofeedback signal

EMG SensorsEMG SensorsEMG SensorsEMG Sensors

EEG EEG SensorsSensorsEEG EEG SensorsSensors

Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 10

Alpha peculiaritiesAlpha peculiarities

(Kaiser, 2001; Hanslmayr et al., 2005)

Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 11

1 23

AIMSAIMS AIMSAIMS

1 2

Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 12

To compare responses of musicians with high and To compare responses of musicians with high and low individual alpha peak frequency to usual low individual alpha peak frequency to usual practice and practice combined with long term practice and practice combined with long term simultaneous individual alpha increasing and EMG simultaneous individual alpha increasing and EMG decreasing biofeedback training.decreasing biofeedback training.

To investigate the impact of alpha-EEG/EMG To investigate the impact of alpha-EEG/EMG biofeedback on electrophysiological and biofeedback on electrophysiological and psychometric parameters in musicians.psychometric parameters in musicians.

AIMSAIMS

Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 13

MethodsMethods MethodsMethods

ParticipantsParticipants ProcedureProcedure

BiofeedbackBiofeedbackData analysisData analysis

Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 14

Control

Group(23)

Experimental group(28)

IAPF low

≤10Hz

high

>10Hz

low

≤10Hz

high

>10Hz

total 12 11 14 14

male 5 4 6 6

female 7 7 8 8

piano 4 3 5 6

wind inst. 3 3 4 4

violin 5 4 5 3

viola 1 1

Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 15

Experimental group (BFB)

Control group

Low IAPF ≤10HZ

High IAPF

>10 HzLow IAPF

≤10HZHigh IAPF

>10 Hz

Interview, Psychometric tests

Concert – (Performance)

EEG-EMG status monitoring

ALPHA-EMG BFB Usual musical practice

EEG-EMG status monitoring

Interview, Psychometric tests

Concert – (Performance)

Procedure Procedure

Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 16

Psychometric instrumentsPsychometric instruments

• Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory

• Rheinberg Self-actualization Inventory

• Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory

• Rheinberg Self-actualization Inventory

Concert performanceConcert performance

• Double blind expert Double blind expert evaluation evaluation – videovideo– unknown studentsunknown students

• CriteriaCriteriatechniquetechnique

rhythmrhythm

musicalitymusicality

• Double blind expert Double blind expert evaluation evaluation – videovideo– unknown studentsunknown students

• CriteriaCriteriatechniquetechnique

rhythmrhythm

musicalitymusicality

quality of soundquality of sound

creativitycreativity

intonationintonation

Twice per week during two monthsTwice per week during two months::

Experimental groupExperimental group Control groupControl group

Alpha-EEG/EMG Alpha-EEG/EMG BFB with practiceBFB with practiceAlpha-EEG/EMG Alpha-EEG/EMG BFB with practiceBFB with practice

Usual practiceUsual practiceUsual practiceUsual practice

Alpha-EMG Biofeedback

Arrows directed up and down indicate successful episodes of meeting training criteria.

EEG

EMG

Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 20

Successful periodsSuccessful periods

Alpha Power

EMG Power

successful unsuccessful

Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 21

Methods. Alpha activity EEG analysis

Methods. Alpha activity EEG analysis

Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 22

Methods. Alpha activity EEG analysis

Methods. Alpha activity EEG analysis

IAPF IAPF Individual Alpha Peak FrequencyIndividual Alpha Peak FrequencyIAPF IAPF Individual Alpha Peak FrequencyIndividual Alpha Peak Frequency

IABWIABW Individual Alpha Band Width Individual Alpha Band Width IABWIABW Individual Alpha Band Width Individual Alpha Band Width

IAAS IAAS Individual Amount Alpha SuppressionIndividual Amount Alpha SuppressionIAAS IAAS Individual Amount Alpha SuppressionIndividual Amount Alpha Suppression

Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 23

Eyes closed conditionEyes closed conditionfor IAPFfor IAPFEyes closed conditionEyes closed conditionfor IAPFfor IAPF

Eyes open vs. eyes Eyes open vs. eyes closed conditionclosed conditionfor IABW and IAASfor IABW and IAAS

Eyes open vs. eyes Eyes open vs. eyes closed conditionclosed conditionfor IABW and IAASfor IABW and IAAS

Methods. Alpha activity EEG analysis

Methods. Alpha activity EEG analysis

Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 24

Methods: Alpha activity EEG analysis

Individual Alpha Band Width (IABW)

Cut-off criteria = 20%

oe ce

ce

Power -Power%

Power

Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 25

Methods: Alpha activity EEG analysis

Individual Alpha Band Width (IABW)

Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 26

Methods.EMG analysisMethods.EMG analysis

IEMG – Integrated EMG, averaged over 100ms

Raw EMGRaw EMG

Int EMGInt EMG

Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 27

MeasurementsMeasurements ANOVA/MANOVA designsANOVA/MANOVA designs

EEG indices – Alpha power, IAPF, IABW, IAAS

Four-way repeated measures ANOVAs: Four-way repeated measures ANOVAs: Group Group (Control; (Control; BFB)_ BFB)_ IAPF IAPF (<10Hz, ≥10Hz)_ (<10Hz, ≥10Hz)_ PrePostPrePost (pre-Pr, post-Pr, pre- (pre-Pr, post-Pr, pre-BFB, post-BFB)_ BFB, post-BFB)_ LocalizationLocalization (F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, O1, (F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, O1, O2)O2)

CoherenceCoherence Four-way repeated measures ANOVAs: Group (Control; BFB)_ IAPF (<10Hz, ≥10Hz)_ PrePost (pre-Pr, post-Pr, pre-BFB, post-BFB)_ Localization (F3-F4, F3-C3, F3-F4, F3-P3, F3-P4, F3-O1, F3-O2)

IntEMGIntEMG Three-way repeated measures ANOVAs: Group (Control; BFB)_ IAPF (<10Hz, ≥10Hz)_ PrePost (pre-Pr, post-Pr, pre-BFB, post-BFB)

State anxiety, Trait State anxiety, Trait anxiety, anxiety, Self actualizationSelf actualizationExpert estimation Expert estimation scoresscores

Three-way repeated measures ANOVAs: Group (Control; BFB)_ IAPF (<10Hz, ≥10Hz)_ PrePost (pre-Pr, post-Pr, pre-BFB, post-BFB)

Methods:Statistical analysisMethods:Statistical analysis

RESULTSRESULTSRESULTSRESULTS

Comparison of musicians with high

and low IAPF

Comparison of musicians with high

and low IAPF

Impact of usual practice and

alpha-EEG/EMG BFB

Impact of usual practice and

alpha-EEG/EMG BFB

Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 29

Results: Difference between Low and High IAPF groups in baseline conditions

Expert estimationExpert estimation

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Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 30

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State anxiety Trait anxiety Selfactualization

Results: Difference between Low and High IAPF groups in baseline conditions

Psychometric scoresPsychometric scores

**

Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 31

t = 0.78, n.s.79±76±IAAS(P,O)%

T-test; high>10Hz

low≤10Hz

t = 5.42 , p < 0.0019.5 ± 1.4516.7± 4.13IntEMG (μV2)

t = 2.34; p = 0.0450.78±0.040.68±0.07Coherence in Alpha F3-F4

t = 0.87 , n.s.18.58±7.5521.23±4.57Alpha power (P,O) (µV2)

t = 0.95, n.s.3.57±0.794.43±0.83IABW(P,O) (Hz)

Results: Difference between Low and High IAPF groups in baseline conditions

EEG and EMG indicesEEG and EMG indices

Results: Difference between Low and High IAPF groups in baseline conditions

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usual practice (30 min)usual practice (30 min) alpha-EEG/EMG BFB (30 min)alpha-EEG/EMG BFB (30 min)

EEG and EMG response toEEG and EMG response to

Results: CorrelationsResults: Correlations

  IAPF IABW IAAS IntEMG

Techniquer=0.54;

p<0.002    r=-0.54;

p<0.000

Creativity  r=0.55;

p<0.004    

Selfactualization    r=0.43;

p<0.002  

Sound quality      r=-0.71;

p<0.008

EFC(%)    r=0.58;

p<0.000  

Musicality  r=0.49;

p<0.001    

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After two months…After two months…

Usual practiceUsual practice Alpha-EEG/EMG BFBAlpha-EEG/EMG BFB

Expert estimationExpert estimation

** **

After two months…After two months…

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State anxiety Trait anxiety Selfactualization

low IAPF high IAPF

Psychometric scoresPsychometric scores

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State anxiety Trait anxiety Selfactualization

low IAPF high IAPF

In control group withusual practiceIn control group withusual practice

In experimental group with Alpha-EEG/EMG BFBIn experimental group with Alpha-EEG/EMG BFB

**

**

After two months…After two months…

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EEG and EMG indicesEEG and EMG indices

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In control group withusual practiceIn control group withusual practice

In experimental group with Alpha-EEG/EMG BFBIn experimental group with Alpha-EEG/EMG BFB

Efficiency of the biofeedback training

Efficiency of the biofeedback training

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In experimental group with Alpha-EEG/EMG BFBIn experimental group with Alpha-EEG/EMG BFB

Correlations:

ConclusionsConclusions

Both, low and high IAPF group showed improvement in the individual alpha and EMG parameters after two months alpha increasing and EMG decreasing biofeedback training.

Alpha-EEG/ EMG BFB is efficient in increasing voluntary self-control in musicians during musical performance

Both, low and high IAPF group showed improvement in the individual alpha and EMG parameters after two months alpha increasing and EMG decreasing biofeedback training.

Alpha-EEG/ EMG BFB is efficient in increasing voluntary self-control in musicians during musical performance