simultaneous eeg and emg biofeedback for peak performance in musicians n.pop-jordanova, o.bazanova*,...
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Simultaneous EEG and EMG Biofeedback for Peak
Performance in Musicians
Simultaneous EEG and EMG Biofeedback for Peak
Performance in MusiciansN.Pop-Jordanova, O.Bazanova*, D. Georgiev**, A.Kondratenko***,
O.Kondratenko***, S.Markovska-Simoska**, J.Mernaya*
Faculty of Medicine, Skopje*Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk
**Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje*** Macedonian Music Academy, Skopje
N.Pop-Jordanova, O.Bazanova*, D. Georgiev**, A.Kondratenko***, O.Kondratenko***, S.Markovska-Simoska**, J.Mernaya*
Faculty of Medicine, Skopje*Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk
**Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje*** Macedonian Music Academy, Skopje
Conjunct COST B27 and SAN Scientific Meeting,Swansea, UK, 16-18 September 2006
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 2
The title, The title, the affiliationthe affiliation the aimthe aim
The title, The title, the affiliationthe affiliation the aimthe aim
MacedoniaMacedoniaRussia Russia
"Never must your fingers stand in the way of your artistic interpretation,"
Carl Czerny
"Never must your fingers stand in the way of your artistic interpretation,"
Carl Czerny
The EMG and EEG features of musical
performance skills
The EMG and EEG features of musical
performance skills
Biofeedback
for musical performance skills
Biofeedback
for musical performance skills
STATEMENTSSTATEMENTSSTATEMENTSSTATEMENTS
• Musical performance skills rely on cognitive processes of awareness and optimal muscle activation without increasing the tension of muscles which do not participate in the execution. .
• Musical performance skills rely on cognitive processes of awareness and optimal muscle activation without increasing the tension of muscles which do not participate in the execution. .
(Bernstein, 1967)
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 6
(Lotze M. & al. 2003)
Skilled musicians use much less motor areas of brain than non musicians
(Petsche & Etlinger, 1998, Hassler 2000, Bazanova & al 2003, Bazanova &Kondratenko, 2005)
The electrophysiological indices of OPTIMAL functioning of musician-performer
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Alpha Power Int EMG
nonmusicians
students
skilledmusicians
EMG - Biofeedback reduces on target muscle tension of musicians performers
EMG - Biofeedback reduces on target muscle tension of musicians performers
Biofeedback in training for musical performance
Biofeedback in training for musical performance
(Hale,1981; Zinn et Zinn, 2003; Paterson et al 2005)
Theta/alpha training for musicalityTheta/alpha training for musicality
Egner,Gruzeleir 2003
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 9
InterfaceInterfaceInterfaceInterface
Monitor Monitor presentationpresentationMonitor Monitor presentationpresentation
Biofeedback signalBiofeedback signalBiofeedback signalBiofeedback signal
EMG SensorsEMG SensorsEMG SensorsEMG Sensors
EEG EEG SensorsSensorsEEG EEG SensorsSensors
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 10
Alpha peculiaritiesAlpha peculiarities
(Kaiser, 2001; Hanslmayr et al., 2005)
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 11
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AIMSAIMS AIMSAIMS
1 2
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 12
To compare responses of musicians with high and To compare responses of musicians with high and low individual alpha peak frequency to usual low individual alpha peak frequency to usual practice and practice combined with long term practice and practice combined with long term simultaneous individual alpha increasing and EMG simultaneous individual alpha increasing and EMG decreasing biofeedback training.decreasing biofeedback training.
To investigate the impact of alpha-EEG/EMG To investigate the impact of alpha-EEG/EMG biofeedback on electrophysiological and biofeedback on electrophysiological and psychometric parameters in musicians.psychometric parameters in musicians.
AIMSAIMS
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 13
MethodsMethods MethodsMethods
ParticipantsParticipants ProcedureProcedure
BiofeedbackBiofeedbackData analysisData analysis
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 14
Control
Group(23)
Experimental group(28)
IAPF low
≤10Hz
high
>10Hz
low
≤10Hz
high
>10Hz
total 12 11 14 14
male 5 4 6 6
female 7 7 8 8
piano 4 3 5 6
wind inst. 3 3 4 4
violin 5 4 5 3
viola 1 1
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 15
Experimental group (BFB)
Control group
Low IAPF ≤10HZ
High IAPF
>10 HzLow IAPF
≤10HZHigh IAPF
>10 Hz
Interview, Psychometric tests
Concert – (Performance)
EEG-EMG status monitoring
ALPHA-EMG BFB Usual musical practice
EEG-EMG status monitoring
Interview, Psychometric tests
Concert – (Performance)
Procedure Procedure
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 16
Psychometric instrumentsPsychometric instruments
• Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory
• Rheinberg Self-actualization Inventory
• Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory
• Rheinberg Self-actualization Inventory
Concert performanceConcert performance
• Double blind expert Double blind expert evaluation evaluation – videovideo– unknown studentsunknown students
• CriteriaCriteriatechniquetechnique
rhythmrhythm
musicalitymusicality
• Double blind expert Double blind expert evaluation evaluation – videovideo– unknown studentsunknown students
• CriteriaCriteriatechniquetechnique
rhythmrhythm
musicalitymusicality
quality of soundquality of sound
creativitycreativity
intonationintonation
Twice per week during two monthsTwice per week during two months::
Experimental groupExperimental group Control groupControl group
Alpha-EEG/EMG Alpha-EEG/EMG BFB with practiceBFB with practiceAlpha-EEG/EMG Alpha-EEG/EMG BFB with practiceBFB with practice
Usual practiceUsual practiceUsual practiceUsual practice
Alpha-EMG Biofeedback
Arrows directed up and down indicate successful episodes of meeting training criteria.
EEG
EMG
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 20
Successful periodsSuccessful periods
Alpha Power
EMG Power
successful unsuccessful
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 21
Methods. Alpha activity EEG analysis
Methods. Alpha activity EEG analysis
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 22
Methods. Alpha activity EEG analysis
Methods. Alpha activity EEG analysis
IAPF IAPF Individual Alpha Peak FrequencyIndividual Alpha Peak FrequencyIAPF IAPF Individual Alpha Peak FrequencyIndividual Alpha Peak Frequency
IABWIABW Individual Alpha Band Width Individual Alpha Band Width IABWIABW Individual Alpha Band Width Individual Alpha Band Width
IAAS IAAS Individual Amount Alpha SuppressionIndividual Amount Alpha SuppressionIAAS IAAS Individual Amount Alpha SuppressionIndividual Amount Alpha Suppression
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 23
Eyes closed conditionEyes closed conditionfor IAPFfor IAPFEyes closed conditionEyes closed conditionfor IAPFfor IAPF
Eyes open vs. eyes Eyes open vs. eyes closed conditionclosed conditionfor IABW and IAASfor IABW and IAAS
Eyes open vs. eyes Eyes open vs. eyes closed conditionclosed conditionfor IABW and IAASfor IABW and IAAS
Methods. Alpha activity EEG analysis
Methods. Alpha activity EEG analysis
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 24
Methods: Alpha activity EEG analysis
Individual Alpha Band Width (IABW)
Cut-off criteria = 20%
oe ce
ce
Power -Power%
Power
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 25
Methods: Alpha activity EEG analysis
Individual Alpha Band Width (IABW)
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 26
Methods.EMG analysisMethods.EMG analysis
IEMG – Integrated EMG, averaged over 100ms
Raw EMGRaw EMG
Int EMGInt EMG
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 27
MeasurementsMeasurements ANOVA/MANOVA designsANOVA/MANOVA designs
EEG indices – Alpha power, IAPF, IABW, IAAS
Four-way repeated measures ANOVAs: Four-way repeated measures ANOVAs: Group Group (Control; (Control; BFB)_ BFB)_ IAPF IAPF (<10Hz, ≥10Hz)_ (<10Hz, ≥10Hz)_ PrePostPrePost (pre-Pr, post-Pr, pre- (pre-Pr, post-Pr, pre-BFB, post-BFB)_ BFB, post-BFB)_ LocalizationLocalization (F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, O1, (F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, O1, O2)O2)
CoherenceCoherence Four-way repeated measures ANOVAs: Group (Control; BFB)_ IAPF (<10Hz, ≥10Hz)_ PrePost (pre-Pr, post-Pr, pre-BFB, post-BFB)_ Localization (F3-F4, F3-C3, F3-F4, F3-P3, F3-P4, F3-O1, F3-O2)
IntEMGIntEMG Three-way repeated measures ANOVAs: Group (Control; BFB)_ IAPF (<10Hz, ≥10Hz)_ PrePost (pre-Pr, post-Pr, pre-BFB, post-BFB)
State anxiety, Trait State anxiety, Trait anxiety, anxiety, Self actualizationSelf actualizationExpert estimation Expert estimation scoresscores
Three-way repeated measures ANOVAs: Group (Control; BFB)_ IAPF (<10Hz, ≥10Hz)_ PrePost (pre-Pr, post-Pr, pre-BFB, post-BFB)
Methods:Statistical analysisMethods:Statistical analysis
RESULTSRESULTSRESULTSRESULTS
Comparison of musicians with high
and low IAPF
Comparison of musicians with high
and low IAPF
Impact of usual practice and
alpha-EEG/EMG BFB
Impact of usual practice and
alpha-EEG/EMG BFB
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 29
Results: Difference between Low and High IAPF groups in baseline conditions
Expert estimationExpert estimation
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** ** **
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 30
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State anxiety Trait anxiety Selfactualization
Results: Difference between Low and High IAPF groups in baseline conditions
Psychometric scoresPsychometric scores
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Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006 31
t = 0.78, n.s.79±76±IAAS(P,O)%
T-test; high>10Hz
low≤10Hz
t = 5.42 , p < 0.0019.5 ± 1.4516.7± 4.13IntEMG (μV2)
t = 2.34; p = 0.0450.78±0.040.68±0.07Coherence in Alpha F3-F4
t = 0.87 , n.s.18.58±7.5521.23±4.57Alpha power (P,O) (µV2)
t = 0.95, n.s.3.57±0.794.43±0.83IABW(P,O) (Hz)
Results: Difference between Low and High IAPF groups in baseline conditions
EEG and EMG indicesEEG and EMG indices
Results: Difference between Low and High IAPF groups in baseline conditions
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power coh IAPF IABW IAAS IntEMG
low IAPF
high IAPF
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power coh IAPF IABW IAAS IntEMG
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usual practice (30 min)usual practice (30 min) alpha-EEG/EMG BFB (30 min)alpha-EEG/EMG BFB (30 min)
EEG and EMG response toEEG and EMG response to
Results: CorrelationsResults: Correlations
IAPF IABW IAAS IntEMG
Techniquer=0.54;
p<0.002 r=-0.54;
p<0.000
Creativity r=0.55;
p<0.004
Selfactualization r=0.43;
p<0.002
Sound quality r=-0.71;
p<0.008
EFC(%) r=0.58;
p<0.000
Musicality r=0.49;
p<0.001
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After two months…After two months…
Usual practiceUsual practice Alpha-EEG/EMG BFBAlpha-EEG/EMG BFB
Expert estimationExpert estimation
** **
After two months…After two months…
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State anxiety Trait anxiety Selfactualization
low IAPF high IAPF
Psychometric scoresPsychometric scores
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State anxiety Trait anxiety Selfactualization
low IAPF high IAPF
In control group withusual practiceIn control group withusual practice
In experimental group with Alpha-EEG/EMG BFBIn experimental group with Alpha-EEG/EMG BFB
**
**
After two months…After two months…
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power coh IAPF IABW IAAS IntEMG
low IAPF high IAPF
EEG and EMG indicesEEG and EMG indices
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low IAPF high IAPF
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In control group withusual practiceIn control group withusual practice
In experimental group with Alpha-EEG/EMG BFBIn experimental group with Alpha-EEG/EMG BFB
Efficiency of the biofeedback training
Efficiency of the biofeedback training
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low IAPF high IAPF
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In control group withusual practiceIn control group withusual practice
In experimental group with Alpha-EEG/EMG BFBIn experimental group with Alpha-EEG/EMG BFB
Correlations:
ConclusionsConclusions
Both, low and high IAPF group showed improvement in the individual alpha and EMG parameters after two months alpha increasing and EMG decreasing biofeedback training.
Alpha-EEG/ EMG BFB is efficient in increasing voluntary self-control in musicians during musical performance
Both, low and high IAPF group showed improvement in the individual alpha and EMG parameters after two months alpha increasing and EMG decreasing biofeedback training.
Alpha-EEG/ EMG BFB is efficient in increasing voluntary self-control in musicians during musical performance