smart card & gsm based voting machine

SMART CARD & GSM BASED VOTING MACHINE

Under the guidance of : Prof. Sukant BeheraUnder the guidance of : Prof. Sukant BeheraDepartment of ECE

GANDHI INSTITUTE FOR TECHNOLOGYBHUBANESWAR, ODISHA

Group members

Sneha Panda 1201298298 Sneha Panda 1201298298 Suchitra Dehury Suchitra Dehury 1201298347 1201298347Ravi Shankar Kumar Ravi Shankar Kumar 1201298337 1201298337Vikash Kumar Vikash Kumar 1201298345 1201298345

Department of ECEGANDHI INSTITUTE FOR TECHNOLOGYBHUBANESWAR, ODISHA

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content• Introduction• Reasons for choosing the project • Requirements• Block diagram• Power supply• AVR microcontroller• Smart card• LCD• GSM modem• Max-232• Technology used• GSM • RFID• USART• Advantages• Conclusion• References

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INTRODUCTION In this project there will be a gate which will get access by a

smart card issued by Election Commission.

After entering, there will be an electronic voting machine set up to cast vote for different leaders.

Vote will be stored in a given number as message.

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Reasons for choosing the project

The objective of this project is to remotely casting your vote from anywhere and to avoid the expenditure in voting time. Voting machine also provides easy access to cast the vote by using smart card.

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REQUIREMENTSThe main components of the toolkit include • Microcontroller• GSM modem • LCD display• Smart card• MAX-232

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

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Microcontroller

Key

Smartcard

Rs 232 GSMModem

LCD Display

Card reader

POWER SUPPLY

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Continue….• Transformer - steps down high voltage AC mains to

low voltage AC.• Rectifier - converts AC to DC, but the DC output is

varying.• Smoothing - smoothes the DC from varying greatly to a

small ripple.• Regulator - eliminates ripple by setting DC output to a

fixed voltage.

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Continue….

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AVR MICROCONTROLLER• AVR was developed in the year 1996 by Atmel

Corporation. • AVR microcontrollers are available in three categories:1. Tiny AVR  2. Mega AVR 3. Xmega AVR 

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WHY megaAVR ?

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SERIES NAME PINS FLASH MEMORY

Tiny AVR 6-32 0.5-8 KB

Mega AVR 28-100 4-256 KB

Xmega AVR 44-100 16-384 KB

WHY AVR?

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ATmega16

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I/O PORTS :• At mega 16 have 32 general purpose digital I/O pins.

Corresponding to every pin, there are 3 different registers which control its function

DDRPORTPIN

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SMART CARDSmart cards are plastic cards with embedded, integrated

circuits and similar in size to today's payment cards.

They can be used as an access-control device, making personal and business data available only to the appropriate users.

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Continue…. There are three different categories of smart cards.

1. Integrated Circuit (IC) memory cards2. IC optical memory cards 3. IC microprocessor cards.

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WHY IC MICROPROCESSOR CARDS

• Integrated Circuit (IC) memory cards

IC optical memory cards

IC microprocessor cards

It simply stores data in a secure manner

stores data in a secure manner

More memory capacity

stores data in a secure manner

More memory capacity

Can process different operation like add, delete and manipulate information in the memory of the card

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LCD• Liquid crystal display (LCD) has material which

combines the properties of both liquid and crystals.

• They have a temperature range within which the molecules are almost as mobile as they would be in a liquid, but are grouped together in an order form similar to a crystal.

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16x2 Alphanumeric LCD

LCD has 2 register :-(i)Command :- stores the command instruction(ii)Data :- stores the data to be displayed

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16x2 Alphanumeric LCD

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Continue….

Commands used in 16x2 Alphanumeric LCD :-lcd_command_write (0x84);lcd_string_write (“ GIFT“);

0x80

0xc0

80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 810 811 812 813 814 815

C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15

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• Example :-

#include <avr/io.h> #include <lcd/io.h> Void main () { lcd_init(); DDRB=0b1111 1111; DDRC=0b1111 1111; lcd_command_write (0x84); lcd_string_write (“ GIFT”); }

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GSM Modem A GSM modem is a specialized kind of modulator-demodulator in

which a SIM card is accepted and it can be operated over a subscription to the mobile operator.

Here communication between a cell to cell is highly demanded and between a computer and GSM system can also be possible i.e. known as GSM Module.

GSM module is used when a communication between a computer and a GSM system is required.

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Continue.... In this system GSM Modem is used to send the polling results to the

monitoring station via mobile network. In this way a more secured system is presented and the chances of anomalies are reduced.

GSM Modem is SIM900 Quad-band GSM device, works on frequencies 400 MHZ, 900 MHZ, 1800 MHZ and 1900 MHZ. It is very compact in size and easy to use as plug in GSM Modem.

It can also directly interface with 5V Microcontrollers.

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MAX-232• MAX-232 follows RS-232 protocol.

• RS-232 is a standard by which two serial devices communicate.

• Works on Full duplex transmission.

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ATmega16

MAX232

GSM

Rx

TX

Rx

TX

TX

Rx

TECHNOLOGY USED

RFID.

USART Communication.

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RFID• RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a method of

identifying unique items using radio waves.

• It is an ADC (Automated Data Collection) technology that uses radio frequency waves to transfer data between a reader and a movable item to identify.

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USARTReceiving/Transmitting :- 3 methodSimplexHalf duplexFull duplex

S/A : - Synchronous Asynchronous parallel serial fast slow set up cost high set up cost low

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SOFTWARE USED The Software which we are using for the coding of

embedded projects are:• AVR Studio

• WIN AVR

• SINAPROG Hex downloader

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BURNING PROCESS

Programwritten in

C using AVRSTUDIO

Compiled using WINAVR

Converted intoHEX format

Transferred using SINAPROG

Hex downloader

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COST ESTIMATIONCOMPONENTS COST PRICE (IN Rs)

GSM MODEM 1600

RFID READER 800

MICRO CONTROLLER 250

LCD 150

TRANSFORMER 120

VOLTAGE REGULATOR 21

DIODE 20

CAPACITOR 10

RESISTOR 1

KEY SWITCH 8

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ADVANTAGE• Saves time.

• It used to avoid forgery votes and security tensions in voting time.

• There is less chance of  violence or attack as this place is not place oriented.

• Data stores for lifetime.

• Very less resources and man power will be utilized

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CONCLUSION

The design presented here is cost effective, provide mobility, highly secured, faster tabulation of results and appropriate according to the modern day requirements.

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Reference[1] Abbott, J.: Smart Cards: How Secure Are They?. SANS Institute Reading

Room,2002.http://www.sans.org/reading_room/whitepapers/authentication/smart-cardssecure- they_131 (15.02.2012)

[2] D. Jefferson, A. D. Rubin, B. Simons, and D. Wagner. A Security analysis of the Secure Electronic Registration and Voting Experiment (SERVE), 2004.

[3] S. Canard and J. Traor´e. Anonymous Services using Smart Card and Cryptography. In J.-J. Quisquater, P. Paradinas, Y. Deswarte, and A. A. El Kalam, editors, Smart Card Research and advanced applications VI - Cardis 2004, pages 83–98. Kluwer, 2004.

[4] United States Department of Defense. (2006). Radio Frequency Identification. Available at: http://www.acq.osd.mil/log/rfid/index.htm. (Last Accessed: March 11, 2006.)

[5] Jerry Landt, "Shrouds of Time": outlines history and present of RFID: http://www.aimglobal.org/technologies/rfid/resources/shrouds_of_time.pdf

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T HA N K YOU

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