smart card & gsm based voting machine
TRANSCRIPT
SMART CARD & GSM BASED VOTING MACHINE
Under the guidance of : Prof. Sukant BeheraUnder the guidance of : Prof. Sukant BeheraDepartment of ECE
GANDHI INSTITUTE FOR TECHNOLOGYBHUBANESWAR, ODISHA
Group members
Sneha Panda 1201298298 Sneha Panda 1201298298 Suchitra Dehury Suchitra Dehury 1201298347 1201298347Ravi Shankar Kumar Ravi Shankar Kumar 1201298337 1201298337Vikash Kumar Vikash Kumar 1201298345 1201298345
Department of ECEGANDHI INSTITUTE FOR TECHNOLOGYBHUBANESWAR, ODISHA
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content• Introduction• Reasons for choosing the project • Requirements• Block diagram• Power supply• AVR microcontroller• Smart card• LCD• GSM modem• Max-232• Technology used• GSM • RFID• USART• Advantages• Conclusion• References
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INTRODUCTION In this project there will be a gate which will get access by a
smart card issued by Election Commission.
After entering, there will be an electronic voting machine set up to cast vote for different leaders.
Vote will be stored in a given number as message.
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Reasons for choosing the project
The objective of this project is to remotely casting your vote from anywhere and to avoid the expenditure in voting time. Voting machine also provides easy access to cast the vote by using smart card.
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REQUIREMENTSThe main components of the toolkit include • Microcontroller• GSM modem • LCD display• Smart card• MAX-232
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BLOCK DIAGRAM
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Microcontroller
Key
Smartcard
Rs 232 GSMModem
LCD Display
Card reader
POWER SUPPLY
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Continue….• Transformer - steps down high voltage AC mains to
low voltage AC.• Rectifier - converts AC to DC, but the DC output is
varying.• Smoothing - smoothes the DC from varying greatly to a
small ripple.• Regulator - eliminates ripple by setting DC output to a
fixed voltage.
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Continue….
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AVR MICROCONTROLLER• AVR was developed in the year 1996 by Atmel
Corporation. • AVR microcontrollers are available in three categories:1. Tiny AVR 2. Mega AVR 3. Xmega AVR
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WHY megaAVR ?
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SERIES NAME PINS FLASH MEMORY
Tiny AVR 6-32 0.5-8 KB
Mega AVR 28-100 4-256 KB
Xmega AVR 44-100 16-384 KB
WHY AVR?
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ATmega16
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I/O PORTS :• At mega 16 have 32 general purpose digital I/O pins.
Corresponding to every pin, there are 3 different registers which control its function
DDRPORTPIN
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SMART CARDSmart cards are plastic cards with embedded, integrated
circuits and similar in size to today's payment cards.
They can be used as an access-control device, making personal and business data available only to the appropriate users.
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Continue…. There are three different categories of smart cards.
1. Integrated Circuit (IC) memory cards2. IC optical memory cards 3. IC microprocessor cards.
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WHY IC MICROPROCESSOR CARDS
• Integrated Circuit (IC) memory cards
IC optical memory cards
IC microprocessor cards
It simply stores data in a secure manner
stores data in a secure manner
More memory capacity
stores data in a secure manner
More memory capacity
Can process different operation like add, delete and manipulate information in the memory of the card
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LCD• Liquid crystal display (LCD) has material which
combines the properties of both liquid and crystals.
• They have a temperature range within which the molecules are almost as mobile as they would be in a liquid, but are grouped together in an order form similar to a crystal.
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16x2 Alphanumeric LCD
LCD has 2 register :-(i)Command :- stores the command instruction(ii)Data :- stores the data to be displayed
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16x2 Alphanumeric LCD
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Continue….
Commands used in 16x2 Alphanumeric LCD :-lcd_command_write (0x84);lcd_string_write (“ GIFT“);
0x80
0xc0
80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 810 811 812 813 814 815
C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15
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• Example :-
#include <avr/io.h> #include <lcd/io.h> Void main () { lcd_init(); DDRB=0b1111 1111; DDRC=0b1111 1111; lcd_command_write (0x84); lcd_string_write (“ GIFT”); }
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GSM Modem A GSM modem is a specialized kind of modulator-demodulator in
which a SIM card is accepted and it can be operated over a subscription to the mobile operator.
Here communication between a cell to cell is highly demanded and between a computer and GSM system can also be possible i.e. known as GSM Module.
GSM module is used when a communication between a computer and a GSM system is required.
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Continue.... In this system GSM Modem is used to send the polling results to the
monitoring station via mobile network. In this way a more secured system is presented and the chances of anomalies are reduced.
GSM Modem is SIM900 Quad-band GSM device, works on frequencies 400 MHZ, 900 MHZ, 1800 MHZ and 1900 MHZ. It is very compact in size and easy to use as plug in GSM Modem.
It can also directly interface with 5V Microcontrollers.
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MAX-232• MAX-232 follows RS-232 protocol.
• RS-232 is a standard by which two serial devices communicate.
• Works on Full duplex transmission.
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ATmega16
MAX232
GSM
Rx
TX
Rx
TX
TX
Rx
TECHNOLOGY USED
RFID.
USART Communication.
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RFID• RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a method of
identifying unique items using radio waves.
• It is an ADC (Automated Data Collection) technology that uses radio frequency waves to transfer data between a reader and a movable item to identify.
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USARTReceiving/Transmitting :- 3 methodSimplexHalf duplexFull duplex
S/A : - Synchronous Asynchronous parallel serial fast slow set up cost high set up cost low
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SOFTWARE USED The Software which we are using for the coding of
embedded projects are:• AVR Studio
• WIN AVR
• SINAPROG Hex downloader
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BURNING PROCESS
Programwritten in
C using AVRSTUDIO
Compiled using WINAVR
Converted intoHEX format
Transferred using SINAPROG
Hex downloader
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COST ESTIMATIONCOMPONENTS COST PRICE (IN Rs)
GSM MODEM 1600
RFID READER 800
MICRO CONTROLLER 250
LCD 150
TRANSFORMER 120
VOLTAGE REGULATOR 21
DIODE 20
CAPACITOR 10
RESISTOR 1
KEY SWITCH 8
CONNECTOR 605/02/23 34GROUP NO. 2
ADVANTAGE• Saves time.
• It used to avoid forgery votes and security tensions in voting time.
• There is less chance of violence or attack as this place is not place oriented.
• Data stores for lifetime.
• Very less resources and man power will be utilized
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CONCLUSION
The design presented here is cost effective, provide mobility, highly secured, faster tabulation of results and appropriate according to the modern day requirements.
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Reference[1] Abbott, J.: Smart Cards: How Secure Are They?. SANS Institute Reading
Room,2002.http://www.sans.org/reading_room/whitepapers/authentication/smart-cardssecure- they_131 (15.02.2012)
[2] D. Jefferson, A. D. Rubin, B. Simons, and D. Wagner. A Security analysis of the Secure Electronic Registration and Voting Experiment (SERVE), 2004.
[3] S. Canard and J. Traor´e. Anonymous Services using Smart Card and Cryptography. In J.-J. Quisquater, P. Paradinas, Y. Deswarte, and A. A. El Kalam, editors, Smart Card Research and advanced applications VI - Cardis 2004, pages 83–98. Kluwer, 2004.
[4] United States Department of Defense. (2006). Radio Frequency Identification. Available at: http://www.acq.osd.mil/log/rfid/index.htm. (Last Accessed: March 11, 2006.)
[5] Jerry Landt, "Shrouds of Time": outlines history and present of RFID: http://www.aimglobal.org/technologies/rfid/resources/shrouds_of_time.pdf
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T HA N K YOU
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