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Solar Thermal System in Buildings
- Solar thermal technology -
Mitsuhiro Udagawa ProfessorDepartment of ArchitectureKogakuin UniversityTokyo, Japan
udagawa@cc.kogakuin.ac.jp
Asian Workshop on Energy and Environmental Technologies, February 13, 2008Bureau of Environment, Tokyo Metropolitan Government
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Solar Thermal Technology in Buildings
SystemsHot Water HeatingSpace HeatingCooling
ComponentsSolar CollectorSolar Hot Water Heater
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Development of Solar cooling(1974)
Total Floor Area 127m2
Collector area: 102m2 Heat storage tank: 5m3
Absorption chiller: 7kW, 75 – 90 degrees C(Yazaki, Solar House One)
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Solar Collector- Flat plate collector -
図3.太陽集熱器の構造
集熱板
透過体
受熱箱断熱材
透明断熱材
熱媒入口
固定金具
熱媒出口
Super Blue Panel (Yazaki Corp.)
Transparent insulation (plastic film)
Glass cover
Insulation
Absorber plate
Casefluid inlet
fluid outlet
Mounting hook
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Solar Collector- Evacuated Tubular Collector -
Evacuated Tubular Collectors on the top of the Tokyo International Forum
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Solar Water Heater
Cumulative installation: 5,000,0000 units
Collector area: 3m2
Installation:250,000-300,000Yen
Collector 4-6m2
Tank 200-300L
City water
Hot water
Auxiliary Boiler
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Solar Hot Water Heating system
•Solar collector and Heat Storage tank
•Pump with heat collection control system
Heat storage tank
Collector 6-8m2
City water
Hot water
Auxiliary BoilerTank 300-370L
Pump
Differencialthermostat
Freeze free liquid
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Solar space heating system 1985
Collector 12m2 Solar floor heating
USH(Udagawa1985)
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T
CT
T
TW
T3
T2
TH
C
CB
City waterSolar storage tank
300 liters
200 V8.4 kW
Thermometer
Valve switch
Pump controller
Solar collector1.19 m2 x 6 units : total 11.5 m2
Titled angle : 60 degrees
Surge tank (72 liters)
Pump50W x 2 L (17 m2) D (9 m2) S (9 m2)
Thermometer
DHW supply
Solar floor heating300 mm thick concrete slab
Switch valve
ElectricDHWheater460 liters
: Calory meterC
Room air conditioner
USHSolar floor and DHW heating for single family house
Solar contribution(1985 – 2004)
DHW: 50%Space heating: 50%
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• Active + Passive Heating• Solar collector+floor heating and Tromb wall
Solar House (Chiryu, Aichi Pref.)
(Photo and drawing by Okamoto, Chiryu Heater)
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OM Solar SystemIntegrated solar house with air collector
Solar collector (Glass cover)
Solar collector (w/o Glass cover)
Handling Box
Concrete slab hot air
outdoor air
DHW tank
hot airfloor heating
(OM solar)
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Solar PV and Thermal SystemsSolar PV House appeared (1990s)
PV system with well insulated house and Solar DHW heating
(Housing area near Akita City, Misawa Home Co.)
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Hybrid Solar House
4 collectors + 24 PV modules (Yazaki Co.)
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Solar Hot Water Heating System with PV pump
(Yazaki Corp.)
Collector 4m2
PV module
Water tank 200L
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Solar systems for apartment housesNoborito solar house, 1978
– Feasibility study by Japan Housing Corporation -
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Solar apartment houses
Chiryu City Kanazawa City
- Examples of solar DHW system for multi-family house in 1980s
- Individual system using balcony mounted solar collector
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17Solar apartment house(Chino City, Nagano Pref.)
(Chiryu heater)
Solar space and hot water heating for a lowrise apartment house(Chiryu City)
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Large Solar Building- Senior Center in Shiobara -
Health care center for elderly peopleSolar heating and cooling system (Yazaki, 2003)
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- Senior Center in Shiobara -
Solar heating and cooling systemtotal floor area 610m2
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室内(FC)へ床暖房へ
Heat storage tan
温水焚吸収式冷温水機70.3kw
(20RT)
B
温水プール60t
Tank 7.2tonSwimming pool60ton
FC unitsFloor heating
Absorption chiller70.3kW
Cooling tower
HEX
Tank for hot spring water, 30ton
Collector 258m2
Aborption chiller
(Yazaki)
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Fujieda SunppuHospitalSolar DHW heating system, 2000
(Yazaki)
Hot water tank 1.65m3 x 2units
Boiler 140kW x 2units
Hot water supply
Collector 96m2
Tank 5m3
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OM Solar Systems- integrated solar house design -
Office building of OM Solar “Egg of Earth”, Hamamatsu, 2004
(OM Solar)
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Solar Desiccant Dehumidification and Cooling System(Harunocho Regional Center, Hamamatsu)
Figure 2 Solar desiccant cooling operation in summer
Aseismatic pit
Primary desiccant
Secondary desiccant
MD
FanAHU A
AHU B
Damper
Cooling coil
Regeneration process
Dehumidification cooling process
Free access floor
(OM solar)
Floor pit
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Expected Solar Energy Use in Japan
19.10(3%)
10.54(1.8%)
New energy total(Gross energy)
1.340.28Wind power
1.180.21Solar PV
0.9(4.39)
0.59Solar thermal
FY2010FY2003
(Primary Energy, 106 kL Oil/year)
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Expected Collector Area
for 4 years, 2007-2010
stock
x 106 m2Collector Area
0.25
1.3
12.8
7.7
Installed in 2005*
Expected installation until 2010(every year)
Expected until 2010
Existing Area in 2004
*Solar DHW system and Solar Water heater
**Collector Area 1m2 = 0.07kL Equivalent Oil
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Feature of Solar Thermal System
Solar thermal systemHeat load: Hot water heating, space heating and coolingSolar system: Tightly connected with Heat LoadHeat load influenced by weather condition and behavior of the occupants
PV systemElectricity, for all purposeGrid connected system: sell and buy the electric power
Solar thermal system vs. PV system
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Example of Energy Requirement in Buildings in Japan
- Hot water heating and Space heating, Major heat requirements
- Solar heating to reduce hot water heating energy
- Building thermal insulation and solar energy to reduce space heating energy
Energy Use in Residential House
46GJ/family for year
2%
28%
35%
35%
Cooling
Space heating
DHW
Lights+Applinaces
Residential House46 GJ/family for a year
Space Heating
Hot water Heating
Lights and Appliances
Cooling
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Solar Thermal System for Today, Tomorrow
IntegrationIntegration with Heat loads and Building service systemsIntegration with Building thermal system and Architectural design
StandardizationStandardization of Systems and ComponentsStandardization of Design and Evaluation Methods
Cost effectivenessReduce Installation costImprovement of Pay back period
Including Finance, Subsidy
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