special senses: the eyes and ears

7th Edition

Medical Terminology for Health ProfessionsAnn Ehrlich/Carol L.Schroeder

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Special Senses: The Eyes and Ears

Special Senses: The Eyes and Ears

Chapter 11

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Overview of Structures, Combining Forms,and Functions of the Eyes and Ears

Overview of Structures, Combining Forms,and Functions of the Eyes and Ears

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Eyes (and Vison)

• Primary Function– Receptor organs for the sense of sight

• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)– opt/i, opt/o, optic/o

– ophthalm/o

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Structures of the Eyes

• Adnexa: structures outside the eyeball– Orbit, eye muscles, eyelids, eyelashes,

conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus

• Eyeball: also known as the globe

(continues)

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Structures of the Eyes

(continues)

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Structures of the Eyes

(continues)

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Structures of the Eyes

(continues)

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Structures of the Eyes

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Lacrimal Apparatus

• Primary Function – Produces, stores, and removes tears

• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)– dacryocyst/o– lacrim/o

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Iris

• Primary Function – Controls the amount of light entering the eye

• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)– ir/i, ir/o – irid/o– irit/o

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Lens

• Primary Function – Focuses rays of light on the retina

• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)– phac/o

– phak/o

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Retina

• Primary Functions – Converts light images into electrical impulses and

transmits them to the brain

• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)– retin/o

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Ears (Hearing and Sound)

• Primary Function – Receptor organs for the sense of hearing– Help to maintain balance

• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)– acous/o, acoust/o– audi/o, audit/o– ot/o

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Structures of the Ears

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• Primary Function – Transmits sound waves to the middle ear

• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)– pinn/i

Outer Ear

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• Primary Function – Transmits sound waves to the inner ear

• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)– myring/o

– tympan/o

Middle Ear

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Inner Ear

• Primary Function – Receives sound vibrations and transmits them to

the brain

• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)– labyrinth/o

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Key Word Parts and Definitions

• blephar/o – eyelid

• -cusis– hearing

• irid/o – iris, colored part of eye

• kerat/o– horny, hard, cornea

(continues)

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Key Word Parts and Definitions

• myring/o – tympanic membrane, eardrum

• ophthalm/o– eye, vision

• -opia– vision condition

• opt/o– eye, vision

(continues)

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Key Word Parts and Definitions

• ot/o – ear, hearing

• phak/o– lens of eye

• presby/o– old age

• retin/o– retina, net

(continues)

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Key Word Parts and Definitions

• scler/o – sclera, white of eye, hard

• trop/o– turn, change

• tympan/o– tympanic membrane, eardrum

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QuestionsQuestions

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Question

The smallest bone in the body is the stapes, orstirrup bone, of the middle ear.

True or False?

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Answer

True

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Question

A ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one orboth ears is called:

a. tinnitus

b. labyrinthitis

c. tintinitus

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Answer

a. tinnitus

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Question

Men are how many times more likely to becolor-blind than women?

a. 2

b. 10

c. 5

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Answer

b. Men are 10 times more likely to be color-blind.

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Question

If not treated promptly, open-angle glaucomacan cause blindness in as little as 2 days.

True or False?

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Answer

False: Closed-angle, or acute, glaucoma cancause sudden blindness if not treated immediately.

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Answers to Learning ExercisesAnswers to Learning Exercises

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Matching Word Parts 1

11.1. kerat/o

11.2. blephar/o

11.3. opt/o

11.4. -cusis

11.5. -metry

Matching Word Parts 2

11.6. myring/o

11.7. ophthalm/o

11.8. irid/o

11.9. presby/o

11.10. -opia

Chapter 11 Answers

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Matching Word Parts 3

11.11. ot/o

11.12. tympan/o

11.13. scler/o

11.14. retin/o

11.15. trop/o

Definitions11.16. sclera11.17. cochlea11.18. optic disk11.19. tympanic membrane11.20. oval window11.21. incus11.22. presbyopia11.23. retinopexy11.24. entropion11.25. otitis media

Chapter 11 Answers

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Matching Conditions

11.26. esotropia

11.27. diplopia

11.28. hyperopia

11.29. myopia

11.30. exotropia

Which Word?

11.31. diopter

11.32. otorrhagia

11.33. myringotomy

11.34. glaucoma

11.35. uveitis

Chapter 11 Answers

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Spelling Counts

11.36. eustachian

11.37. cerumen

11.38. astigmatism

11.39. labyrinthitis

11.40. Snellen

Abbreviation Identification

11.41. conjunctivitis

11.42. intraocular lens

11.43. right eye

11.44. intraocular pressure

11.45. macular degeneration

Chapter 11 Answers

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Term Selection

11.46. myopia

11.47. anisocoria

11.48. mastoidectomy

11.49. hordeolum

11.50. otomycosis

Sentence Completion

11.51. refraction

11.52. vertigo

11.53. optometrist

11.54. keratitis

11.55. monochromatism

Chapter 11 Answers

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Word Surgery

11.56. anis/o, cor, -ia

11.57. emmetr, -opia

11.58. ot/o, py/o, -rrhea

11.59. presby, -cusis

11.60. xer, ophthalm, -ia

True/False

11.61. False

11.62. True

11.63. False

11.64. True

11.65. True

Chapter 11 Answers

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Clinical Conditions11.66. otoplasty11.67. barotrauma11.68. iridectomy11.69. hemianopia11.70. fluorescein11.71. periorbital11.72. nyctalopia11.73. tinnitus11.74. chalazion11.75. conjunctivitis

Which Is the Correct Medical Term?

11.76. papilledema

11.77. photopsia

11.78. ametropia

11.79. canthus

11.80. impacted cerumen

Chapter 11 Answers

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Challenge Word Building

11.81. iridalgia

11.82. blepharitis

11.83. lacrimitis

11.84. blepharopathy

11.85. ophthalmology

11.86. blepharedema

11.87. lacrimotomy

11.88. labyrinthotomy

11.89. iridopathy

11.90. retinectomy

Labeling Exercises

11.91. cornea

11.92. chamber

11.93. lens

11.94. iris

11.95. fovea

11.96. pinna

11.97. auditory

11.98. tympanic

11.99. eustachian

11.100. cochlea

Chapter 11 Answers