style manuals and reference management for researchers
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Style Manuals and Reference Management Style Manuals and Reference Management Style Manuals and Reference Management Style Manuals and Reference Management
for Researchersfor Researchersfor Researchersfor Researchers
V. SriramV. SriramV. SriramV. SriramV. SriramV. SriramV. SriramV. Sriram
Chief Librarian, K.N. Raj Library
Centre for Development Studies
Thiruvananthapuram
email: vsrirams@gmail.com
CONTENTS
� Literature – What and How to manage
� Basics of referencing – What and Why
� Style Manuals
� Reference management software
Zotero – Features� Zotero – Features
� Zotero – Word integration
LITERATURE
� Research requires engagement with literature at
each and every stage starting from exploring the
topic to submission of the paper / theses / report.
� Researchers gather a huge mound of literature in
the research process and are often shocked to find
that they are not able to manage it well.that they are not able to manage it well.
� Making literature manageable involves assessing
their relevance, systematically keeping track of the
sources, and maintaining notes / annotations
TYPES OF SOURCES
� Reference Sources
� Books, Journals
� Grey Literature
� Official Government PublicationsOfficial Government Publications
� Writing Tools
MANAGING LITERATURE
Systematic gathering of sources:
� Using proper tools to gather literature – Google
Scholar, Journal Databases, …
� Creating bibliographic records and making it
error freeerror free
� Organizing by topic, subject, research area…
� Linking the soft copy full text for easy retrieval
� Assigning a unique primary-key for print items.
MANAGING LITERATURE
Annotation / Notes:
Incorporating the following -
� Author and the audience
� Summary
� Critical comments
� Notes on relevance
REFERENCING
� What is referencing?What is referencing?What is referencing?What is referencing?
It is a method used by the researchers to
demonstrate that they have conducted a
thorough and appropriate literature search, and
reading. To accurately acknowledge other reading. To accurately acknowledge other
people's work and ideas when writing your own
work, you need to use a referencing style. There
are many types of referencing style such as
Chicago Style, MLA, MPA …
REFERENCING
� Need for referencingNeed for referencingNeed for referencingNeed for referencing
Accurate referencing reflects good academic practice
and enhances the presentation of your work: it shows
that your writing is based on knowledge and informed by
appropriate academic reading.
You need referencing to ensure that anyone reading your
work can trace the sources you have used in the
development of your work, and give you due credit for
your research efforts and quality.
If you do not acknowledge another writer's work or ideas,
you could be accused of plagiarism.
AUTHORAUTHORAUTHORAUTHOR----DATE SYSTEMDATE SYSTEMDATE SYSTEMDATE SYSTEM
In the quest for catching up, industrialisation was the common aspiration (Nayyar 2013).
The references should be listed at the end of in The references should be listed at the end of in The references should be listed at the end of in The references should be listed at the end of in the the the the alphabetical orderalphabetical orderalphabetical orderalphabetical order of the author.of the author.of the author.of the author.
ENUMERATED ORDERENUMERATED ORDERENUMERATED ORDERENUMERATED ORDER
There are now over 1 billion web-sites
hosted on millions of Internet servers [4].
The references are listed at the end of the The references are listed at the end of the The references are listed at the end of the The references are listed at the end of the The references are listed at the end of the The references are listed at the end of the The references are listed at the end of the The references are listed at the end of the
paper in the paper in the paper in the paper in the numerical ordernumerical ordernumerical ordernumerical order of the citationof the citationof the citationof the citation.
STYLE MANUALS
1.1.1.1. Chicago Manual of Style, 16Chicago Manual of Style, 16Chicago Manual of Style, 16Chicago Manual of Style, 16thththth ed. Chicago: University ed. Chicago: University ed. Chicago: University ed. Chicago: University
of Chicago, 2010. (Also online edition)of Chicago, 2010. (Also online edition)of Chicago, 2010. (Also online edition)of Chicago, 2010. (Also online edition)
2. Publication Manual of the American Psychological 2. Publication Manual of the American Psychological 2. Publication Manual of the American Psychological 2. Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association, 6Association, 6Association, 6Association, 6thththth ed. Washington: American ed. Washington: American ed. Washington: American ed. Washington: American
Psychological Association, 2009.Psychological Association, 2009.Psychological Association, 2009.Psychological Association, 2009.Psychological Association, 2009.Psychological Association, 2009.Psychological Association, 2009.Psychological Association, 2009.
3. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research papers, 73. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research papers, 73. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research papers, 73. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research papers, 7thththth ed. ed. ed. ed.
Modern Languages Association, 2009.Modern Languages Association, 2009.Modern Languages Association, 2009.Modern Languages Association, 2009.
STYLE MANUALS
4. American Anthropological Association (AAA)4. American Anthropological Association (AAA)4. American Anthropological Association (AAA)4. American Anthropological Association (AAA)
5. American Sociological Association Style (ASA)5. American Sociological Association Style (ASA)5. American Sociological Association Style (ASA)5. American Sociological Association Style (ASA)
6. Council of Science Editors Style (CSE), 76. Council of Science Editors Style (CSE), 76. Council of Science Editors Style (CSE), 76. Council of Science Editors Style (CSE), 7thththth ed., ed., ed., ed.,
2006200620062006
7. Columbia Style Guide7. Columbia Style Guide7. Columbia Style Guide7. Columbia Style Guide7. Columbia Style Guide7. Columbia Style Guide7. Columbia Style Guide7. Columbia Style Guide
8. IEEE Style Guide8. IEEE Style Guide8. IEEE Style Guide8. IEEE Style Guide
9. Modern Humanities Research Association Style 9. Modern Humanities Research Association Style 9. Modern Humanities Research Association Style 9. Modern Humanities Research Association Style
ManualManualManualManual
MLA HANDBOOK FOR WRITERS OF RESEARCH
PAPERS…
� For using MLA format, please consult: For using MLA format, please consult: For using MLA format, please consult: For using MLA format, please consult:
1. 1. 1. 1. MLA Handbook for WritersMLA Handbook for WritersMLA Handbook for WritersMLA Handbook for Writers
of Research Papers (7of Research Papers (7of Research Papers (7of Research Papers (7th th th th edition). edition). edition). edition).
2. 2. 2. 2. MLA Style Manual and MLA Style Manual and MLA Style Manual and MLA Style Manual and
Guide to Scholarly Publishing Guide to Scholarly Publishing Guide to Scholarly Publishing Guide to Scholarly Publishing Guide to Scholarly Publishing Guide to Scholarly Publishing Guide to Scholarly Publishing Guide to Scholarly Publishing
(2nd edition). (2nd edition). (2nd edition). (2nd edition).
The MLA Handbook is The MLA Handbook is The MLA Handbook is The MLA Handbook is
available in most of the libraries available in most of the libraries available in most of the libraries available in most of the libraries
and at the MLA web site and at the MLA web site and at the MLA web site and at the MLA web site
Source: www.mlahandbook.org/.
CITATION STYLE
7824 styles and growing …
http://citationstyles.org/
https://zotero.org/styles https://zotero.org/styles
REFERENCE MANAGEMENT
SOFTWARE� To record the details of all the information you
find. You will need these details to provide
accurate references, and to enable you to locate
the information again at a later date
Benefits:
search easily for a particular reference to which � search easily for a particular reference to which
you need to refer back
� print or save lists of references
� insert citations into your document and
automatically produce a bibliography in
whatever style you require
REFERENCE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE - EVOLUTION
� Proprietary / Free Open Source
� 1980s – Reference Manager, End Note, Bookends
� 1990s – Pybliographer, Biblioscape, 1990s – Pybliographer, Biblioscape,
� 2000s – 25 new software – Mendeley, Zotero
Comparison -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_reference_management_software
REFERENCE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE - EVOLUTION
� MS Word: References. Citation and
Bibliography
� Beginner: Zotero
� Advanced: Mendeley� Advanced: Mendeley
� LaTex users: JabRef
ZOTERO
� Free – Open Source
� Platform independent
� Works Offline and Online
� Over 6700 referencing styles � Over 6700 referencing styles
� Data Sharing
� 26 fields
� 34 Types of Sources
� Linking full text / pdf
� Integration with MS-Office / Open Office
CONCLUSION
� Organizes your research materials
� Long term storage
� Reduces data entry and formatting
� Helps to develop your research� Helps to develop your research
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