sun, moon, earth,
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Sun, Moon, Earth,
How do they work together to help life survive?
The Planets
What is a planet?• According to the IAU
(International Astronomical Union) a planet must meet these three guidelines.
What is a planet?• According to the IAU
(International Astronomical Union) a planet must meet these three guidelines.
1. Is in orbit around the sun.
What is a planet?• According to the IAU
(International Astronomical Union) a planet must meet these three guidelines.
1. Is in orbit around the sun.
2. Has enough mass to maintain a nearly round shape.
What is a planet?• According to the IAU
(International Astronomical Union) a planet must meet these three guidelines.
1. Is in orbit around the sun.
2. Has enough mass to maintain a nearly round shape.• Called hydrostatic equilibrium.
What is a planet?• According to the IAU
(International Astronomical Union) a planet must meet these three guidelines.
1. Is in orbit around the sun.
2. Has enough mass to maintain a nearly round shape.• Called hydrostatic equilibrium.
3. Has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit.
What is a planet?• Dwarf Planets:
What is a planet?• Dwarf Planets:
– Must do #1 and #2.
What is a planet?• Dwarf Planets:
– Must do #1 and #2.
– Does not do #3.
What is a planet?• Dwarf Planets:
– Must do #1 and #2.
– Does not do #3.
– Is not a satellite.
What is a planet?• Dwarf Planets:
– Must do #1 and #2.
– Does not do #3.
– Is not a satellite.
– Currently there are 5 dwarf planets:• Ceres (between Mars and Jupiter)• Pluto• Makemake• Eris• Haumea
Mercury:
Mercury:• Temperature range: believed to
be from -184°C to 427°C
Mercury:• Temperature range: believed to
be from -184°C to 427°C
• Rotation time: 58.6 Earth days.
Mercury:• Temperature range: believed to
be from -184°C to 427°C
• Rotation time: 58.6 Earth days.
• Orbit: 88 Earth days
Mercury:• Temperature range: believed to
be from -184°C to 427°C
• Rotation time: 58.6 Earth days.
• Orbit: 88 Earth days
• Mass: The Earth is 18 times more massive than Mercury.
Mercury:• Temperature range: believed to
be from -184°C to 427°C
• Rotation time: 58.6 Earth days.
• Orbit: 88 Earth days
• Mass: The Earth is 18 times more massive than Mercury.
• Diameter: 4,878 km (about 40% of the Earth’s
Mercury:• Moons: none
Mercury:• Moons: none
• Water: Polar ice that never melts.
Mercury:• Moons: none
• Water: Polar ice that never melts.
• Atmosphere: very thin, contains H, He, O, Na, Ca, and K. Removed and replenished constantly.
Mercury:• Moons: none
• Water: Polar ice that never melts.
• Atmosphere: very thin, contains H, He, O, Na, Ca, and K. Removed and replenished constantly.
• Gravity: 100 pounds on the Earth weighs 37.8 pounds on Mercury.
Mercury:• Moons: none
• Water: Polar ice that never melts.
• Atmosphere: very thin, contains H, He, O, Na, Ca, and K. Removed and replenished constantly.
• Gravity: 100 pounds on the Earth weighs 37.8 pounds on Mercury.
• Discovered: Known since ancient times.
Mercury:• Moons: none• Water: Polar ice that never melts.• Atmosphere: very thin, contains
H, He, O, Na, Ca, and K. Removed and replenished constantly.
• Gravity: 100 pounds on the Earth weighs 37.8 pounds on Mercury.
• Discovered: Known since ancient times.
• Distance to sun: 58 million km
Venus:
Venus:• Temperature range: from 850°F to
950°F.
Venus:• Temperature range: from 850°F to
950°F.
• Rotation time: 243 Earth days
Venus:• Temperature range: from 850°F to
950°F.
• Rotation time: 243 Earth days
• Orbit: 225 Earth days
Venus:• Temperature range: from 850°F to
950°F.
• Rotation time: 243 Earth days
• Orbit: 225 Earth days
• Mass: The Earth is 1.0 times more massive than Venus.
Venus:• Temperature range: from 850°F to
950°F.
• Rotation time: 243 Earth days
• Orbit: 225 Earth days
• Mass: The Earth is 1.0 times more massive than Venus.
• Diameter: 12,100 km
Venus:• Moons: None
Venus:• Moons: None
• Water: yes
Venus:• Moons: None
• Water: yes
• Atmosphere: Carbon Dioxide (95%), Nitrogen, Sulfuric Acid, and trace elements.
Venus:• Moons: None
• Water: yes
• Atmosphere: Carbon Dioxide (95%), Nitrogen, Sulfuric Acid, and trace elements.
• Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 90.7 pounds on Venus.
Venus:• Moons: None
• Water: yes
• Atmosphere: Carbon Dioxide (95%), Nitrogen, Sulfuric Acid, and trace elements.
• Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 90.7 pounds on Venus.
• Discovered: Known since ancient times.
Venus:• Moons: None• Water: yes• Atmosphere: Carbon Dioxide
(95%), Nitrogen, Sulfuric Acid, and trace elements.
• Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 90.7 pounds on Venus.
• Discovered: Known since ancient times.
• Distance to sun: 108 million km
Earth:
Earth:• Temperature range: -69°C to 58°C
Earth:• Temperature range: -69°C to 58°C
• Rotation time: 24 hours
Earth:• Temperature range: -69°C to 58°C
• Rotation time: 24 hours
• Orbit: 365.26 days
Earth:• Temperature range: -69°C to 58°C
• Rotation time: 24 hours
• Orbit: 365.26 days
• Mass: 5.98 X 10 kg24
Earth:• Temperature range: -69°C to 58°C
• Rotation time: 24 hours
• Orbit: 365.26 days
• Mass: 5.98 X 10 kg
• Diameter: 12,800 km
24
Earth:• Moons: one
Earth:• Moons: one
• Water: Yes, in all forms.
Earth:• Moons: one
• Water: Yes, in all forms.
• Atmosphere: Nitrogen (78.1%, 20.9% Oxygen and trace amounts of Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Helium, Hydrogen, and Methane.
Earth:• Moons: one
• Water: Yes, in all forms.
• Atmosphere: Nitrogen (78.1%, 20.9% Oxygen and trace amounts of Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Helium, Hydrogen, and Methane.
• Distance to sun: 150 million km
Mars:
Mars:• Temperature range: -220°F to
60°F.
Mars:• Temperature range: -220°F to
60°F.
• Rotation time: 24 hours 37 minutes.
Mars:• Temperature range: -220°F to
60°F.
• Rotation time: 24 hours 37 minutes.
• Orbit: 687 Earth days
Mars:• Temperature range: -220°F to
60°F.
• Rotation time: 24 hours 37 minutes.
• Orbit: 687 Earth days
• Mass: The Earth is 9.3 times more massive than Mars.
Mars:• Temperature range: -220°F to
60°F.
• Rotation time: 24 hours 37 minutes.
• Orbit: 687 Earth days
• Mass: The Earth is 9.3 times more massive than Mars.
• Diameter: 6,796 km
Mars:• Moons: two (Phobos and Deimos
Mars:• Moons: two (Phobos and Deimos
• Water: Two permanent polar ice caps
Mars:• Moons: two (Phobos and Deimos
• Water: Two permanent polar ice caps
• Atmosphere: Carbon dioxide (95%),, Nitrogen, Argon, Oxygen, and trace water vapor and carbon monoxide.
Mars:• Moons: two (Phobos and Deimos
• Water: Two permanent polar ice caps
• Atmosphere: Carbon dioxide (95%),, Nitrogen, Argon, Oxygen, and trace water vapor and carbon monoxide.
• Gravity: 100 pounds on the Earth weighs 37.7 pounds on Mars.
Mars:• Moons: two (Phobos and Deimos
• Water: Two permanent polar ice caps
• Atmosphere: Carbon dioxide (95%),, Nitrogen, Argon, Oxygen, and trace water vapor and carbon monoxide.
• Gravity: 100 pounds on the Earth weighs 37.7 pounds on Mars.
• Discovered: Known since ancient times.
Mars:• Moons: two (Phobos and Deimos
• Water: Two permanent polar ice caps
• Atmosphere: Carbon dioxide (95%),, Nitrogen, Argon, Oxygen, and trace water vapor and carbon monoxide.
• Gravity: 100 pounds on the Earth weighs 37.7 pounds on Mars.
• Discovered: Known since ancient times.
• Distance to sun: 228 million km.
Jupiter:
Jupiter:• Temperature range: -163°C to -
121°C.
Jupiter:• Temperature range: -163°C to -
121°C.
• Rotation time: 9 hours 55 minutes Earth time.
Jupiter:• Temperature range: -163°C to -
121°C.
• Rotation time: 9 hours 55 minutes Earth time.
• Orbit: 12 Earth years
Jupiter:• Temperature range: -163°C to -
121°C.
• Rotation time: 9 hours 55 minutes Earth time.
• Orbit: 12 Earth years
• Mass: 318 times more massive than the Earth.
Jupiter:• Temperature range: -163°C to -
121°C.
• Rotation time: 9 hours 55 minutes Earth time.
• Orbit: 12 Earth years
• Mass: 318 times more massive than the Earth.
• Diameter: 85,788 miles
Jupiter:• Moons: 63 have been found with
Ganymede the largest (bigger than Mercury and Pluto).
Jupiter:• Moons: 63 have been found with
Ganymede the largest (bigger than Mercury and Pluto).
• Water: yes
Jupiter:• Moons: 63 have been found with
Ganymede the largest (bigger than Mercury and Pluto).
• Water: yes
• Atmosphere: Hydrogen (90%) and Helium (10%).
Jupiter:• Moons: 63 have been found with
Ganymede the largest (bigger than Mercury and Pluto).
• Water: yes
• Atmosphere: Hydrogen (90%) and Helium (10%).
• Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 236.4 pounds here.
Jupiter:• Moons: 63 have been found with
Ganymede the largest (bigger than Mercury and Pluto).
• Water: yes• Atmosphere: Hydrogen (90%) and
Helium (10%).• Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth
weighs 236.4 pounds here.• Discovered: Known since ancient
times.
Jupiter:• Moons: 63 have been found with
Ganymede the largest (bigger than Mercury and Pluto).
• Water: yes• Atmosphere: Hydrogen (90%) and
Helium (10%).• Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs
236.4 pounds here.• Discovered: Known since ancient
times.• Distance to sun: 778 million km
Saturn:
Saturn:• Temperature range: -178°C
Saturn:• Temperature range: -178°C
• Rotation time: 10 hours, 40 minutes, and 24 seconds Earth time
Saturn:• Temperature range: -178°C
• Rotation time: 10 hours, 40 minutes, and 24 seconds Earth time
• Orbit: 29.5 Earth years
Saturn:• Temperature range: -178°C
• Rotation time: 10 hours, 40 minutes, and 24 seconds Earth time
• Orbit: 29.5 Earth years
• Mass: 95 times more massive than the Earth.
Saturn:• Temperature range: -178°C
• Rotation time: 10 hours, 40 minutes, and 24 seconds Earth time
• Orbit: 29.5 Earth years
• Mass: 95 times more massive than the Earth.
• Diameter: 120,660 km (about 10 times larger than the Earth)
Saturn:• Moons: 31 including Titan, Hyperion,
Mimas, Rhea, and Phoebe
Saturn:• Moons: 31 including Titan, Hyperion,
Mimas, Rhea, and Phoebe
• Water: yes
Saturn:• Moons: 31 including Titan, Hyperion,
Mimas, Rhea, and Phoebe
• Water: yes
• Atmosphere: Mostly Hydrogen and Helium with some Methane and ammonia.
Saturn:• Moons: 31 including Titan, Hyperion,
Mimas, Rhea, and Phoebe
• Water: yes
• Atmosphere: Mostly Hydrogen and Helium with some Methane and ammonia.
• Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 106.4 pounds on Saturn.
Saturn:• Moons: 31 including Titan, Hyperion,
Mimas, Rhea, and Phoebe
• Water: yes
• Atmosphere: Mostly Hydrogen and Helium with some Methane and ammonia.
• Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 106.4 pounds on Saturn.
• Discovered: Known since ancient times.
Saturn:• Moons: 31 including Titan, Hyperion,
Mimas, Rhea, and Phoebe• Water: yes• Atmosphere: Mostly Hydrogen and
Helium with some Methane and ammonia.
• Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 106.4 pounds on Saturn.
• Discovered: Known since ancient times.
• Distance to sun: 1429 million km
Uranus:
Uranus:• Temperature range: -197.15°C
Uranus:• Temperature range: -197.15°C
• Rotation time: 17.24 hours Earth time (rotates clockwise)
Uranus:• Temperature range: -197.15°C
• Rotation time: 17.24 hours Earth time (rotates clockwise)
• Orbit: 84 Earth years
Uranus:• Temperature range: -197.15°C
• Rotation time: 17.24 hours Earth time (rotates clockwise)
• Orbit: 84 Earth years
• Mass: 14.5 times more massive than the Earth.
Uranus:• Temperature range: -197.15°C
• Rotation time: 17.24 hours Earth time (rotates clockwise)
• Orbit: 84 Earth years
• Mass: 14.5 times more massive than the Earth.
• Diameter: 51,500 km
Uranus:• Moons: 27
Uranus:• Moons: 27
• Water: yes
Uranus:• Moons: 27
• Water: yes
• Atmosphere: 83% Hydrogen, 15% Helium, 2% Methane, and trace amounts of water and ammonia.
Uranus:• Moons: 27
• Water: yes
• Atmosphere: 83% Hydrogen, 15% Helium, 2% Methane, and trace amounts of water and ammonia.
• Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 88.9 pounds on Uranus.
Uranus:• Moons: 27• Water: yes• Atmosphere: 83% Hydrogen, 15%
Helium, 2% Methane, and trace amounts of water and ammonia.
• Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 88.9 pounds on Uranus.
• Discovered: Sighted in 1690 but figured out it was a planet in 1781.
Uranus:• Moons: 27
• Water: yes
• Atmosphere: 83% Hydrogen, 15% Helium, 2% Methane, and trace amounts of water and ammonia.
• Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 88.9 pounds on Uranus.
• Discovered: Sighted in 1690 but figured out it was a planet in 1781.
• Distance to sun: 2871 million km
Neptune:
Neptune:• Temperature range: -220°C
Neptune:• Temperature range: -220°C
• Rotation time: 0.67 Earth days
Neptune:• Temperature range: -220°C
• Rotation time: 0.67 Earth days
• Orbit: 164.8 Earth years
Neptune:• Temperature range: -220°C
• Rotation time: 0.67 Earth days
• Orbit: 164.8 Earth years
• Mass: 17.15 times more massive than the Earth.
Neptune:• Temperature range: -220°C
• Rotation time: 0.67 Earth days
• Orbit: 164.8 Earth years
• Mass: 17.15 times more massive than the Earth.
• Diameter: 49,500 km
Neptune:• Moons: 8 known
Neptune:• Moons: 8 known
• Water: yes
Neptune:• Moons: 8 known
• Water: yes
• Atmosphere: 74% Hydrogen, 25% Helium, and 1% Methane
Neptune:• Moons: 8 known
• Water: yes
• Atmosphere: 74% Hydrogen, 25% Helium, and 1% Methane
• Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 112.5 pounds on Neptune.
Neptune:• Moons: 8 known
• Water: yes
• Atmosphere: 74% Hydrogen, 25% Helium, and 1% Methane
• Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 112.5 pounds on Neptune.
• Discovered: Found in 1846.
Neptune:• Moons: 8 known
• Water: yes
• Atmosphere: 74% Hydrogen, 25% Helium, and 1% Methane
• Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 112.5 pounds on Neptune.
• Discovered: Found in 1846.
• Distance to sun: 4504 million km
Pluto:
Pluto:• Temperature range: -233°C
Pluto:• Temperature range: -233°C
• Rotation time: 6.39 Earth days
Pluto:• Temperature range: -233°C
• Rotation time: 6.39 Earth days
• Orbit: 248 Earth years.
Pluto:• Temperature range: -233°C
• Rotation time: 6.39 Earth days
• Orbit: 248 Earth years.
• Mass: 0.002 times that of Earth.
Pluto:• Temperature range: -233°C
• Rotation time: 6.39 Earth days
• Orbit: 248 Earth years.
• Mass: 0.002 times that of Earth.
• Diameter: 2,324 km
Pluto:• Moons: One moon called Charon.
Pluto:• Moons: One moon called Charon.
• Water: Unknown
Pluto:• Moons: One moon called Charon.
• Water: Unknown
• Atmosphere: A frozen atmosphere that melts and refreezes.
Pluto:• Moons: One moon called Charon.
• Water: Unknown
• Atmosphere: A frozen atmosphere that melts and refreezes.
• Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 6.7 pounds on Pluto.
Pluto:• Moons: One moon called Charon.
• Water: Unknown
• Atmosphere: A frozen atmosphere that melts and refreezes.
• Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 6.7 pounds on Pluto.
• Discovered: Found in 1930.
Pluto:• Moons: One moon called Charon.
• Water: Unknown
• Atmosphere: A frozen atmosphere that melts and refreezes.
• Gravity: 100 pounds on Earth weighs 6.7 pounds on Pluto.
• Discovered: Found in 1930.
• Distance to sun: 5913 million km
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