superbeams with spl at cern

M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 1 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002

Superbeams with SPL Superbeams with SPL at CERNat CERN

1. Introduction 1. Introduction

2. SPL principle and characteristics2. SPL principle and characteristics

3. On-going R&D3. On-going R&D

4. Staging4. Staging

5. Summary and Conclusion5. Summary and Conclusion

SPL = Superconducting Proton Linac

A concept for modern high intensity proton beams at CERN based A concept for modern high intensity proton beams at CERN based on a high-energy Superconducting Linear Acceleratoron a high-energy Superconducting Linear Accelerator

M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 2 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002

From Neutrino Factory to From Neutrino Factory to Neutrino SuperbeamNeutrino Superbeam

CERN baselinescenario for aneutrino Factory

from decay collected, cooled,accelerated andcirculated in a decay ring

Optimal baseline2000-3000 km

20 m

Decay tunnel

Far detector

Near detector

superbeam

Neutrino Superbeamfrom SPL

from decay, energy 250 MeV

Optimal baselinefor far detector130 km

M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 3 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002

Other Applications of the Other Applications of the Proton DriverProton Driver

Approved physics experimentsApproved physics experiments CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS): increased flux (~ 2) Anti-proton Decelerator: increased flux Neutrons Time Of Flight (TOF) experiments: increased flux ISOLDE: increased flux, higher duty factor, multiple energies... LHC: faster filling time, increased operational margin...

Future potential usersFuture potential users “Conventional” neutrino beam from the SPL “super-beam” Second generation ISOLDE facility (“EURISOL” -like) LHC performance upgrade beyond ultimate…

M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 4 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002

The TeamThe Team

Neutrino Factory Working Group (http://nfwg.home.cern.ch/nfwg/nufactwg/nufactwg.html)

Proton Driver Rings Working Group(http://hos.home.cern.ch/hos/NufactWG/Pdrwg.htm)

Superconducting Proton Linac Working Group(http://cern.web.cern.ch/CERN/Divisions/PS/SPL_SG/)

Target Study Team

Work going on since 1999…

M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 5 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002

The SPL Working GroupThe SPL Working Group

Conceptual Design of the SPL, a High Power Superconducting Proton Linac at CERNEd. M. Vretenar, CERN 2000-012

REFERENCE :

M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 6 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002

The Superconducting Proton The Superconducting Proton Linac: Main PrinciplesLinac: Main Principles

In line with modern High Power Proton Accelerator projects (SNS, JKJ,…)

Re-use of the LEP RF equipment (SC cavities, cryostats, klystrons, waveguides, circulators, etc.)

The LEP klystron

Storage of the LEP cavities in the ISR tunnel

M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 7 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002

H-

RFQ RFQ1 chop. RFQ2 RFQ1 chop. RFQ2 0.52 0.7 0.8 dump

Source Low Energy section DTL Superconducting section

45 keV 3 MeV 120 MeV 2.2 GeV

40MeV 237MeV

11.5 m 55 m 584 m

PS / Isolde

Stretching andcollimation line

Accumulator Ring

Debunching

383MeV

665 m

DTL CCDTLchopping

H- source, 25 mA14% duty cycle

Fast chopper

(2 ns transition time)

Cell Coupled Drift Tube Linac

new SC cavities: =0.52,0.7,0.85-cell 0.8 cavities replacing 4-cell 1 cavities in the LEP cryostatRF system:

• freq.: 352 MHz• amplifiers: tetrodes and LEP klystrons

The Superconducting Proton The Superconducting Proton Linac: Design (1)Linac: Design (1)

2.2 GeV energy:• direct injection into PS• threshold for production

M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 8 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002

The SPL: Design (2)The SPL: Design (2)

Input Output No. of Peak RF No. of No. of No. of Lengthenergy energy cavities power klystrons tetrodes Quads(MeV) (MeV) (MW) (m)

Source, LEBT - 0.045 - - - - - 2

RFQ 0.045 3 1 0.5 1 - - 2.4Chopper line 3 3 7 0.6 - 5 12 9.1

DTL 7 120 79 13.6 17 - 160 55 120 236 42 1.5 - 42 28 101 236 383 32 1.9 - 32 16 80 383 1111 52 9.5 13 - 26 166 1111 2235 76 14.6 19 - 19 237Debunching 2235 2235 4 - 1 - 2 13

Total 293 42.2 51 79 263 665.5

Section

54 cryostats, 32 directly from LEP,the others reconstructed

51 LEP-type klystrons (44 used in LEP)

M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 9 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002

SPL Beam SpecificationsSPL Beam Specifications

M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 10 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002

T= 2.2 GeVIDC = 13 mA (during the pulse)IBunch= 22 mA3.85 108 protons/bunchlb(total) = 44 ps*H,V=0.6 m r.m.s

(140 + 6 empty)per turn

845 turns( 5 140 845 bunches per pulse)

no beam

2.8 ms

20 ms

140 bunches

20 ms

3.2 s

Charge exchangeinjection

845 turns

PROTON ACCUMULATORTREV = 3.316 s

(1168 periods @ 352.2 MHz)

1 ns rms(on target)

22.7 ns

TARGET

H+140 bunches1.62 1012 protons/bunchlb(rms) = 1 ns (on target)

Fast ejection

KICKER20 ms

3.3 slb(total) = 0.5 ns

DRIFT SPACE+

DEBUNCHER

H-

11.4 ns

22.7 ns

5bunches

Fast injection(1 turn)

BUNCH COMPRESSORTREV = 3.316 s

(1168 periods @ 352.2 MHz)

BUNCHROTATIONRF (h=146)

Fast ejection

RF (h=146)

3 emptybuckets

17.2 ms

The Accumulator – The Accumulator – Compressor SchemeCompressor Scheme

Two Rings in the ISR Tunnel

Accumulator:3.3 s burst of 144 bunches at44 MHz

Compressor:Bunch length reduced to 3 ns

M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 11 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002

Parameter Value Unit Mean beam power 4 MW Kinetic energy 2.2 GeV Repetiton rate 50 Hz Pulse duration 3.3 s Number of bunches 140 Pulse intensity 2.27 1014 p/pulse Bunch spacing (Bunch frequency)

22.7 (44)

ns (MHz)

Bunch length () 1 ns

Relative momentum spread () 510-3

Norm. horizontal emittance () 50 m.rad

Characteristics of the beam Characteristics of the beam sent to the targetsent to the target

M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 12 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002

Layout on the CERN site Layout on the CERN site

M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 13 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002

Cross sectionCross section

M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 14 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002

SPL R&D TopicsSPL R&D Topics

1. Minimise beam loss to avoid activation of the machine (loss<1 W/m)Beam Dynamics studies, optimise layout and beam optics

2. Chopper structure to create a time distribution in the beam that minimises losses in the accumulator

Travelling wave deflector with rise time <2 ns3. Efficient room-temperature section (W<120 MeV)

CCDTL concept4. Development of SC cavities for <1

Sputtering techniques5. Pulsing of LEP klystrons

Built for CW, operated at 50 Hz, 14% duty6. Pulsing of SC cavities and effects of vibrations on beam quality

Low power (feedback), high power (phase and amplitudemodulators) and active (piezos) compensation techniques

M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 15 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002

H-

RFQ RFQ1 chop. RFQ2 RFQ1 chop. RFQ2 0.52 0.7 0.8 dump

Source Low Energy section DTL Superconducting section

45 keV 3 MeV 120 MeV 2.2 GeV

40MeV 237MeV

11.5 m 55 m 584 m

PS / Isolde

Stretching andcollimation line

Accumulator Ring

Debunching

383MeV

665 m

DTL CCDTLchopping

Collaboration on RFQs with CEA-IN2P3 (IPHI)

and INFN Legnaro

352 MHz test place prepared (planned tests of CEA-built DTL structures in 2002)

3 D view of a coupled cavitydrift tube module(CCDTL)

Chopper structure

-Full performance prototype tested-Driver amplifier in development

Scaled model (1 GHz) in test

SPL R&D – Low EnergySPL R&D – Low Energy

M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 16 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002

The =0.7 4-cell prototype

CERN technique of Nb/Cu sputteringfor =0.7, =0.8 cavities (352 MHz): excellent thermal and mechanical stability (very important for pulsed systems) lower material cost, large apertures, released tolerances, 4.5 K operation with Q = 109

Bulk Nb or mixed technique for =0.52 (one 100 kW tetrode per cavity)

0.1

1

10

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Eacc [MV/m]

Q/1

09

0.8 single cellLEP0.7 4-cells0.8 5-cells

SPL R&D – Low Beta SC SPL R&D – Low Beta SC CavitiesCavities

M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 17 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002

Mod anode driver

RF output power(800 kW max.)

5 ms/div

1 ms/div

LEP power supplies and klystrons are capable to operate in pulsed mode after minor modifications

14/05/2001 - H. Frischholz

SPL R&D – Pulsing of LEP SPL R&D – Pulsing of LEP KlystronsKlystrons

M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 18 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002

Effecton field regulation

Effect onthe beam

unsolved problem ! Needs work (high power ph.&ampl. modulators, piezos,…)

similar difficulties are likely in the muon accelerators!

SPL R&D – SPL R&D – RF power distribution RF power distribution & field regulation in the SC cavities& field regulation in the SC cavities

M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 19 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002

Test of a 3 MeV HTest of a 3 MeV H-- injector injector In collaboration with CEA-IN2P3 exploiting the IPHI set-up

120 MeV H120 MeV H-- linac in the PS South Hall linac in the PS South Hall Goal: increase beam intensity for CNGS and improve

characteristics of all proton beams (LHC, ISOLDE…) Under study: detailed design report with cost estimate in 2003 Needs new resources (collaborations, manpower, money)

Full SPL Full SPL

StagingStaging

M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 20 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002

"NEW LINAC" Layout in the PS South Hall - version 5.2.2002

12.0

m

PS Access

RF Workshop

Loading Area

Storage AreaRFQ Test stand352 MHz Test StandLoading

Area

Increased brightness for LHC, 1.8 the flux to CNGS & ISOLDE, … (with upgrades to the PSB, PS & SPS)very cost-effective facility: hall and infrastructure are available in the PS

all the RF is recuperated from LEP shielding is done with LEP dipoles!

To the PSB

H- source

Beam dump

LEIR

PS

The SPL Front-end (120 MeV) in the PS The SPL Front-end (120 MeV) in the PS South Hall (intermediate proton intensity South Hall (intermediate proton intensity

increase)increase)

M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 21 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002

The 120 MeV LinacThe 120 MeV Linac

75 m

(100 m available in PS South Hall)

M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 22 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002

Summary and ConclusionSummary and Conclusion

The SPL design is improving, R&D is going onThe SPL design is improving, R&D is going on

Work in progress on most items, based on Work in progress on most items, based on collaborationscollaborations

A staged approach is proposedA staged approach is proposed

Feedback (and support !) is needed from potential Feedback (and support !) is needed from potential usersusers