surface water (lakes, streams, ponds, wetlands, etc.)

Surface Water(Lakes, streams, ponds, wetlands, etc.)

Surface Water(Lakes, streams, ponds, wetlands, etc.)

The total area from which a stream draws its water.

The boundaries of the drainage area are called drainage divides

The total area from which a stream draws its water.

The boundaries of the drainage area are called drainage divides

Drainage Basin(Watershed)

Drainage Basin(Watershed)

Major North

American Drainage Basins & Divides

Major North

American Drainage Basins & Divides

Discharge:17,500 m3/sec

Colorado River Colorado River Drainage BasinDrainage Basin

Continental Continental DivideDivide

Bottom Line:Bottom Line:

• Know your watershed - everything that is in the watershed can end up in the stream.

• The precipitation, evaporation, and % runoff of the basin will determine how much water is available.

Groundwater

Groundwater

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GW Recharge Area(Infiltration)

GW Discharge

GW Flow

Porosity = The percent void space in a rock or

sediment

Porosity = The percent void space in a rock or

sediment

Permeability = The ability of a material to transmit

a fluid

Permeability = The ability of a material to transmit

a fluid

Unsaturated Zone:Unsaturated Zone:Pores include both air and water

Saturated Zone:Saturated Zone:Pores filled with

water

Groundwater Table

Groundwater

Recharge

Groundwater

Recharge

AquiferAquifer

= A geologic unit capable of storing and transmitting water in sufficient quantities to

supply wells

Generally not an “underground cave”

= A geologic unit capable of storing and transmitting water in sufficient quantities to

supply wells

Generally not an “underground cave”

Groundwater Flow & Discharge

Groundwater Flow & Discharge

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U.S. Groundwater Withdrawals: 1950-1995U.S. Groundwater Withdrawals: 1950-1995

Groundwater ImpactsGroundwater Impacts

1. Groundwater depletion

2. Land subsidence

3. Saltwater intrusion

Groundwater Use and SupplyGroundwater Use and Supply

Groundwater ImpactsGroundwater Impacts

1. Groundwater depletion

2. Land subsidence

3. Saltwater intrusion

Groundwater ImpactsGroundwater Impacts

1. Groundwater depletion

2. Land subsidence

3. Saltwater intrusion

Venice, Italy

Groundwater ImpactsGroundwater Impacts

1. Groundwater depletion

2. Land subsidence

3. Saltwater intrusion

San Joaquin Valley, CA

The Winter Park Sinkhole, FloridaThe Winter Park Sinkhole, Florida

(Photo by Leif (Photo by Leif Skoogfors)Skoogfors)

Groundwater ImpactsGroundwater Impacts

1. Groundwater depletion

2. Land subsidence

3. Saltwater intrusion

SolutionsSolutions

Find Moreor

Use Less

SolutionsFinding More Water

SolutionsFinding More Water

1. Enhanced Recharge2. Other Sources

• Desalination• Icebergs

3. Dams

Recharge Pond, Long Island

SolutionsFinding More Water

SolutionsFinding More Water

1. Enhanced Recharge2. Other Sources

• Desalination• Icebergs

3. Dams

Desalination Plant

SolutionsFinding More Water

SolutionsFinding More Water

1. Enhanced Recharge2. Other Sources

• Desalination• Icebergs

3. Dams

Icebergs

SolutionsFinding More Water

SolutionsFinding More Water

1. Enhanced Recharge2. Other Sources

• Desalination• Icebergs

3. Dams

Ross Dam, WA

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SolutionsUsing Less Water

SolutionsUsing Less Water

1. Use Less Water2. Improved Efficiency

• Agriculture• Home Use

3. Water Reclamation & Reuse

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SolutionsUsing Less Water

SolutionsUsing Less Water

1. Use Less Water2. Improved Efficiency

• Agriculture• Home Use

3. Water Reclamation & Reuse

Grow Local

SolutionsUsing Less Water

SolutionsUsing Less Water

1. Use Less Water2. Improved Efficiency

• Agriculture• Home Use

3. Water Reclamation & Reuse

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Drip Irrigation

SolutionsUsing Less Water

SolutionsUsing Less Water

1. Use Less Water2. Improved Efficiency

• Agriculture• Home Use

3. Water Reclamation & Reuse

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SolutionsUsing Less

Water

SolutionsUsing Less

Water

1. Use Less Water2. Improved Efficiency

• Agriculture• Home Use

3. Water Reclamation & Reuse QuickTime™ and a

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Rooftop Harvesting - King Street Center, Seattle