surrender of lord cornwallis at yorktown, virginia, on october 19, 1781. oil, john trumbull. next...
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Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia, on October 19, 1781. Oil, John Trumbull.
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Colonization to Revolution, Beginnings–1783
Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans come together in the Americas. American colonists revolt against English rule.
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Colonization to Revolution, Beginnings–1783
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
SECTION 3
Three Worlds Meet
The English Colonies
The American Revolution
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Section 1
Three Worlds MeetNative American, European, and African cultures come together in the Americas.
The First Americans
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Three Worlds Meet
• 12,000 years ago, the first peoples migrate to America
1SECTION
• By 1500, there are hundreds of cultural groups in North America
• Many societies develop in the AmericasMap
Societies of West Africa
• By mid-1400s, Songhai people begin their own empire
• By 1200s, kingdom of Mali becomes most powerful state
• Kingdom of Ghana prospers from 700s to mid-1000s by controlling the trade of gold and salt.
Societies of Europe
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1SECTION
• By 1000s, feudal system characterizes most of Europe
• Feudalism—lords use king’s lands and, in return, are loyal to king
• During 1300s, feudal system weakens and kings become stronger
• Renaissance (1300—1600)—time of increased interest in learning
European Exploration
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1SECTION
• Explorer Christopher Columbus sails west, lands in America in 1492
• Vasco da Gama finds all-water route from Europe to Asia
• Brings back geographic knowledge that changes European views
European countries were looking for an all-water route to Asia so they could have part of the spice trade.
Interactive
Pepper was one of the most profitable trade items shipped to Europe.
Competition for Empire
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1SECTION
• Conquistadors (soldiers) explore Americas in 1500s, claim for Spain
• Europeans explore to spread Christianity to people including Native Americans by building missions, expand empires, become rich
• England, France, Netherlands explore and colonize the Americas
• The movement of living things traded between hemispheres—Columbian Exchange (see next slide)
• Spanish establish missions—settlements—in Americas
• Slavery in America begins in 1600 to provide labor; because Native Americans quickly died from overwork and disease.
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Section 2
The English ColoniesBritain establishes a group of diverse colonies in North America.
Jamestown
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The English Colonies2SECTION
• Colonists face hardships; at least half the people died; but colony still survived;
• earn profits from tobacco farming; colony NOT founded for religious reasons
• Jamestown (1609)—first permanent English settlement in Americas
• House of Burgesses first representative assembly in American colonies. It was a form of self government.
• Assembly gives more local control to colonists
New England Colonies
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2SECTION
• Pilgrims—religious group that separated from Church of England ;Plymouth was formed for religious reasons
• Pilgrims sail to Massachusetts in 1620
• Agree to obey laws for good of colony— They sign the Mayflower Compact which was a form of self government.
• Puritans—religious group wanting to “purify” the Church of England
• 1,000 Puritans arrive in America in 1630
• Growing population of colonists conflict with Native Americans
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Image
The Plymouth colonists faced many hardships and at least half of them died.
Jamestown Plymouth
Founded for religious reasons
No Yes
Had a form of self government
Yes Yes
Faced hardships Yes Yes
At least half of the people died
Yes Yes
Know this information for the test!
Middle and Southern Colonies
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2SECTION
• Dutch settle colony of New Netherlands (1624); renamed New York
• Middle colonies: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware
• William Penn creates colony for Quakers, region called Pennsylvania
• Southern colonies: Virginia, Maryland, Carolina, and Georgia
• Between 1607 and 1732, southern colonies are founded
Map
Colonial Economies
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2SECTION
• Middle colonies grow cash crops
• New Englanders survive through subsistence farming, fishing
• Southern colonies grow plantation crops; use enslaved African labor
• By 1750, over 235,000 enslaved Africans are in America
• Triangular Trade—trade goods for slaves, then trade slaves for goods
• They endure hardships, resist slavery in different ways
Chart
“The Growth” of Representative Government
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• Includes right to elect representatives to government
• Magna Carta (1215) played a part by granting rights to English noblemen and freemen
• American colonists form representative assemblies (although British controlled them)
• American colonists claim these rights
• British rulers William and Mary uphold the English Bill of Rights
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•The Glorious Revolution played a part. During this, the English Bill of Rights were upheld by William and Mary and American colonists were quick to claim these rights. The English Bill of Rights played a part in the growth of representative government.
The French and Indian War
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2SECTION
• French and Native Americans destroy British trading posts; start war
• British and French compete over fur trade in French-claimed territory
• French and Indian War (1754—1763)—British defeat French and Canada was passed from France to Britain.
• Treaty of Paris ends French power in North America
Interactive Test hint: France did NOT gain control of British colonies and the border between French and British territory was not agreed upon. France LOST everything!!!!
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Section 3
The American RevolutionThe American colonists fight to gain independence from Britain.
Tighter British Control
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The American Revolution3SECTION
• Sugar Act (1764)—tax sugar, other products; colonial leaders protest
• To pay off debts, British Parliament taxes American colonists heavily
• Stamp Act (1765)—require official stamp on documents; more protests
• Parliament repeals Stamp Act in 1766
Interactive
Colonial Resistance Grows
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3SECTION
• In protest, colonists boycott British goods
• Townshend Acts (1767)—suspends New York’s assembly; tax goods
• Colonists protest by destroying 342 chests of tea at Boston Tea Party
• British repeal Townshend Acts but pass Tea Act (1773)
• Youths and British soldiers fight, 5 civilians killed—Boston Massacre
Image
Image
The Road to Lexington and Concord
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3SECTION
• First Continental Congress bans trade with Britain, calls on each colony to train troops
• Britain punishes colonists by passing strict Intolerable Acts (1774)
• Colonists fight British troops at Lexington and Concord; start war
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Declaring Independence
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3SECTION
• British soldiers and colonists fight at Bunker Hill (1775)
• George Washington becomes the commander of the Continental Army
• Political leader Thomas Jefferson writes Declaration of Independence
• July 4, 1776, Continental Congress adopts Declaration of Independence
• Declaration of Independence states that people have unalienable rights
Map
Image
The Early Years of the War
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3SECTION
• 40 to 45 percent are Patriots—supporters of the Revolution
• 20 to 30 percent of Americans are Loyalists— supporters of Britain
• In late 1776, Washington and his troops retreat
• British defeated at Battles of Saratoga; turning point in war
• Washington’s troops defeat British allies at Trenton and Princeton
Map
Map
The War Expands
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3SECTION
• Washington and troops endure harsh winter (1777—1778) at Valley Forge
• France forms alliance with United States; sends funds, supplies, troops
• American privateers capture hundreds of British merchant ships
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The Path to Victory
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3SECTION
• Surprise attacks weaken British hold on southern colonies
• British take control of Georgia, Charles Town (Charleston)
• American and French defeat British at Yorktown (1781)
• Treaty of Paris of 1783—ends war, United States gains independence
Interactive
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