sustainable services at scale
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Harold LockwoodAlana PotterChristophe Nothomb
TunisJune 2011
African Development Bank
Water and Sanitation Department - OWAS
SUSTAINABLE SERVICES AT SCALE
WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …2
BACKGROUND TO TRIPLE-S AND WASHCOST
Triple-S: a six year research project 2009 – 2014
WASHCost: a five year research project 2008 - 2013
Both managed by IRC in collaboration with partners and both funded by BMGF as part of their WASH learning
And both rooted in tackling long-term challenges of sustainable WASH service delivery
WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …3
SUSTAINABLE SERVICES AT SCALE OR ‘TRIPLE-S’
Seeks to contribute to shift from “infrastructure perspective” to service delivery approach for rural water sector through: Action research in Ghana, Uganda, Burkina
Faso (USAID) – interest in Mozambique, Ethiopia, India and Honduras
Works with government and sector stakeholders Research, documentation and dissemination International partnerships and advocacy
WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …4
WASHCOST
WASHCost focus on improving understanding of true costs of sustainable service delivery:
Action research in Ghana, Burkina Faso, Mozambique and India (AP) to develop methodologies to assess life-cycle costs
Research partnerships – works closely with government
Rural and peri-urban water, sanitation and hygiene
WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …5
1990 to 2008: coverage increased from 1.59 to 2.32 billion (JMP 2010)
Tens of billions of dollars invested
Evolving approaches: VLOM, community management, DRA, post-construction support
Testing new elements: gender, supply chains, water resource protection
MUCH EFFORT AND PROGRESS MADE
WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …6
About 730 million still un-served (JMP 2010)
88% of investment required for recurrent costs (GLAAS 2010)
Unacceptable failure rates
Waste of investments and health, dignity, well-being and livelihoods affected
BUT MANY CHALLENGES REMAIN 30% - 40%
of hand pumps in Africa are not functioning
WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …7
SO WHAT HAS GONE WRONG?
@Akvo
2. Financing focused on initial construction and not lifetime costs
3. Lack of investment to improve overall sector capacity
1. An obsession with coverage and building infrastructure at the scale of the community
WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …8
SO WHAT HAS GONE WRONG?
4. Weak WASH sectors – lack of incentives, political influence and corruption
5. A donor-dominated, fragmented and competing sector
WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …9
INCREASING COVERAGE IS NOT THE WHOLE STORY
Breakdowns, failures, non-functionality, slippage ........... a
tipping point which is now a threat to achieving the MDGs?
Build on current progress, but shift from implementation to service delivery
WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …10
THE SERVICE DELIVERY APPROACH
Implement
Upgrade
Service Delivery Approach
UpgradeReplace
Implement Implement Implement
Implementation approach
Time
Service level
Investment (capital expenditure)
Investment (operational expenditure)
WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …11
UNDERSTANDING THE REAL COSTS OF SERVICE DELIVERY
Capital expenditure: one-off investments in hardware and software (CapEx)
Operational and minor maintenance expenditure: planned small repairs and maintenance (OpEx)
Capital maintenance expenditure: large, lumpy rehabilitation and replacement costs (CapManEx)
Direct support: regular support to communities and operators (ExpDS)
Indirect support costs: policy development, ministries (ExpIDS)
Costs of capital: interest on loans (CoC)
WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …12
MAKING SUSTAINABLE SERVICES WORK AT SCALE
Shift focus from infrastructure to a service delivery perspective
Strengthen sector capacity at all levels for learning, innovation and internal policy development
Move from development partners working in isolation to improved harmonisation and alignment
WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …13
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN IN PRACTICE? - SOME BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS
Professionalising CBM:• Clarify policy & legislation• Separation of functions• Support business culture
Recognise alternative management models:• Local private operators• Support to self-supply
Learning and innovation:• Permanent support to learning (funding)• Creation of platforms at national and local levels
Capacity support:• To service providers, including CBM• To decentralised local government
WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …14
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN IN PRACTICE? - SOME BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS
Asset management:• Clarify asset ownership • Updated asset inventories• Asset risk forecasting
Planning for life-cycle costs:•Capital maintenance costs• Direct and indirect support costs
Support to aid harmonisation:• SWAp • Funding mechanisms – basket, MTEFs
Monitoring service delivery:• Measure services not just access• Support performance mgt.
WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …15
Working collaboratively and building on what already exists (‘80 - 20’ rule)
Always with and through national government leadership
Recognising the importance of the political economy in change
Bringing and sharing lessons and documentation from outside
Leveraging investment resources
“A systemic approach is required to solve complex problems”
HOW TRIPLE-S WORKS
WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …16
HOW TRIPLE-S APPROACHES SECTOR CHANGE
ANALYSING SECTOR PROBLEMS
Collectively analysing problems and challenges facing the sector at scale
Collectively identifying potential gaps and solutions across the whole sector (taking a systemic approach)
IDENTIFIYING POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
COLLABORATIVE REFLECTION AND
LEARNING
TAKING LEARNING TO SCALE
Action research and piloting to address the key bottlenecks and trigger issues at different levels
Collectively applying learning and proven approaches at scale across different levels in the sector
WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …17
Sits in CWSA and key sector fora Supports CWSA to strengthen
sustainability of its investments (government, donors and loans)
Piloting and demonstrating new modalities – monitoring indicators, review of bye-laws, regulation etc.
Taking learning results to scale Leveraging World Bank $75 million
loan
“CWSA is making a paradigm shift in its approach to rural water supply from focus on project to delivery of services.”
Chief Exec. CWSA
TRIPLE-S IN GHANA
WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …18
Partnerships and coalitions – World Bank, WSP, USAID, Global Water Challenge (charter), RWSN
Research and documentation - 13 country study and building blocks series
Learning and training events in USA, Europe, Australia
Technical inputs and support - JMP monitoring consultation in Berlin, IADB, RWSN vision
HOW TRIPLE-S WORKS INTERNATIONALLY
WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …19
POTENTIAL ASPECTS FOR COLLABORATION WITH AFDB
At country level: In Ghana – cooperation with Triple-S and
WASHCost ain support to World Bank loan In Ghana – collaboration on second round
of RWSSI In Mozambique, work with DNA to
implement PRONASAR, RWSS SWAp In Ethiopia link with new CDF/COWASH
project
WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …20
POTENTIAL ASPECTS FOR COLLABORATION WITH AFDB
At institutional or strategic level: Share lessons on sustainability challenges
and solutions (i.e. ‘sustainability check’) Joint documentation of case studies and
knowledge management Work on monitoring indicators at
programmatic level (similar initiative with IADB under discussion)
WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …21
WATER SERVICES THAT LAST
www.waterservicesthatlast.org
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