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Synthetic and Natural Organic Polymer
Chapter 22
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
A polymer is a high molar mass molecular compound made up of many repeating chemical units.
Naturally occurring polymers
•Proteins
•Nucleic acids
•Cellulose
•Rubber
Synthetic polymers
•Nylon
•Dacron
•Lucite
• 1839 년 Charles Goodyear 가 천연고무 (latex)에 황을 가하여 타이어용의 고무 대량생산
• 고무의 내열 특성 때문에 타이어에 적합
History of Polymers
History of Polymers• 1870 년 미국 John Hyatt 셀루로이드 (nitrocellulose +
camphor) 개발
– 영국의 Alexander Parkes 가 최초 개발한 Parksine 을 응용– 상아 대체 - 당구공 제조회사의 만 달러 공모
• 1907 년 Leo Baekeland 가 Bakelite( 페놀 - 포름알데히드수지 )개발 , 대량 생산
• 1938 년 Dow 사는 폴리스티렌 대량생산• 1939 년 듀퐁사는 나일론 (nylon-6,6) 을 대량생산하여 스타킹
판매 시작 . 고분자 화학 발달에 계기
•In a landmark paper published in 1920, Staudinger concluded the
structure of rubber and other polymeric substances: “polymers were long
chains of short repeating molecular units linked by covalent bonds.”
•Staudinger termed makromoleküls paved the way for the birth of the field
of polymer chemistry.
Hermann Staudinger(1953 Nobel Prize for chemistry)
Nobel laureates in polymer science
화학
물리
H. Staudinger
(1881-1965)
1953
2000
A.J.Heeger A.G. MacDiarmid H.Shirakawa
(1910-1985) (1927- ) (1936- )
1963
K. Ziegler G. Natta
(1897-1973) (1903-1979)
P.J.Flory
(1936- )
1974P.-G de Gennes
(1932- )
1991
The simple repeating unit of a polymer is the monomer.
Homopolymer
a polymer made up of only one type of monomer
Copolymer is a polymer made up of two or more monomers
Styrene-butadiene rubber
( CH CH2 CH2 CH CH CH2 )n
random
block
graft
alternating
Buna S
H2N CH C
CH3
OH
OHN CH C
CH2
OH
O
SH
H
Protein: Peptide bonding
H2N CH C
CH3
OHN CH C
CH2
O
SH
NH
CH C
CH2
OH
O
C
OH
O
HN CH C
CH2
OH
O
C
OH
O
H
Peptide bonds
• Amino acid → polypeptide → protein
carbonylamino
Protein Structure
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
R group
Hydrogen
The structure is held in position by intramolecular hydrogen bonds (………)
Protein Structure
Intermolecular Forces in a Protein Molecule
ionic forces
ionic forces
hydrogenbonds dispersion
forces
dispersionforces
dispersionforces
dipole-dipoleforces
Protein Structure
The structural changes that occur when oxygen binds to the heme group in hemoglobin.
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are high molar mass polymers that play an essential role in protein synthesis.
1. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
2. Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
DNA molecule has 2 helical strands. Each strand is made up of nucleotides.
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