thank you! locally integrated food & energy l.i.f.e. david yarrow sustain and retain wealth for...
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Thank You!Thank You!
LLocallyocally I Integratedntegrated FFood &ood & E EnergynergyL.I.F.E.L.I.F.E.
David YarrowDavid Yarrowwww.dyarrow.orgwww.dyarrow.org
sustain and retain wealth for common goodsustain and retain wealth for common good
/biochar/biochar/CarbonFarming/CarbonFarming/terracharge/terracharge/PrepareBiochar/PrepareBiochar/LetFreedomRing/LetFreedomRing/cool-food/cool-food/CarbonSmartFarming/CarbonSmartFarming/BlueLightWater/BlueLightWater
UNITED
WWATERATERHH22OO
CCA
RB
ON
AR
BO
N
NNITROGEN
ITROGEN
MAJORTraceTrace
ORGANICORGANIC 95%95%HydrogenHydrogen 45%45%
OxygenOxygen 30%30%
HHOOCarbonCarbon 15%15%
CO2C + carbohydratecarbohydratecarbohydratecarbohydrate=
NitrogenNitrogen 5%5%
+NN= amino acidamino acid
MAJORMAJOR 4%4%
TRACE TRACE 1%1%
vaporvapor
Greenhouse GasesGreenhouse Gasesthe chemical composition of lifethe chemical composition of life
Elements in BiologyElements in Biology
CO2
CH4
NOx Nitrous Oxide
Methane
Carbon Dioxide
CO
2 p
arts
per
mill
ion
The Keeling CurveCO2 concentration in atmospheremeasured at Mauna Loa, Hawaii
greenhouse gas emissiongreenhouse gas emissionin Earthin Earth’’s atmospheres atmosphere
19761976 19911991
Climate Change 101Climate Change 101
Before the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, global average CO2 was about 280 ppm.
During the last 800,000 years, CO2 fluctuated between about 180 ppm during ice ages, and 280 ppm during interglacial warm periods.
Today’s rate of increase is more than 100 times faster than the increase when the last ice age ended.
~ NOAA Media Release
Decade Total Increase Annual Rate of Increase1963 – 72 9.00 ppm 0.90 ppm per year 1973 – 82 13.68 ppm 1.37 ppm per year 1983 – 92 15.24 ppm 1.52 ppm per year 1993 – 2002 16.73 ppm 1.67 ppm per year 2003 – 12 20.74 ppm 2.07 ppm per year
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFTClimate ChangeClimate Change
ConfrontingConfronting
TARGETTARGET
CURRENTCURRENT 400 400 ppmppm
EXCESSEXCESS
350 350 ppmppm
still risingstill rising
50 50 ppmppm still risingstill rising
in Earthin Earth’’s atmospheres atmosphere
Dr. James Dr. James HansenHansenleading US Climate Scientistleading US Climate Scientist
www.GlobalClimateSolutions.orgwww.GlobalClimateSolutions.org
Summer 2009Summer 2009Where Should Humanity Aim?
AugustAugust20132013
19881988
Warming of the climate system is unequivocal. Warming of the climate system is unequivocal. Since the 1950s, many observed changes Since the 1950s, many observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. are unprecedented over decades to millennia. The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, amounts of snow and ice have diminished, amounts of snow and ice have diminished, sea level has risen, sea level has risen, and greenhouse gas concentrations increased.and greenhouse gas concentrations increased.
International Panel on Climate ChangeInternational Panel on Climate Change ( (IPCCIPCC))Summary ReportSummary Report
January 30, 2014January 30, 2014
50%of GHG emissionsAgriculture &Food Supply
Carbon emissions from changes in land use and land cover are the second largest source of man-made carbon emissions after fossil fuel combustion.
Greenhouse gas data show emissions from agriculture, forestry and fisheries nearly doubled the past 50 years, and can increase another 30% by 2050.
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFTClimate ChangeClimate Change
ConfrontingConfronting
zero net emissionszero net emissionscarbon emissionscarbon emissionsreverse carbon emissionsreverse carbon emissionsreduced carbon emissionsreduced carbon emissions400 400 ppmppm
in Earthin Earth’’s atmospheres atmosphereCURRENTCURRENT
TARGETTARGET
EXCESSEXCESS
XX50 50 ppmppm
350 350 ppmppm
still risingstill rising
Dr. James Dr. James HansenHansenleading US Climate Scientistleading US Climate Scientist
www.GlobalClimateSolutions.orgwww.GlobalClimateSolutions.org
Summer 2009Summer 2009Where Should Humanity Aim?
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFTClimate ChangeClimate Change
ConfrontingConfronting
reverse carbon emissionsreverse carbon emissionsin Earthin Earth’’s atmospheres atmosphere carbon removal & storagecarbon removal & storagecarbon sequestrationcarbon sequestration
ConfrontingConfrontingClimate ChangeClimate ChangeXX
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
still risingstill rising
Dr. James Dr. James HansenHansenleading US Climate Scientistleading US Climate Scientist
www.GlobalClimateSolutions.orgwww.GlobalClimateSolutions.org
400 400 ppmppmCURRENTCURRENT
TARGETTARGET
EXCESSEXCESS 50 50 ppmppm
350 350 ppmppm
Summer 2009Summer 2009Where Should Humanity Aim?
Climate ChangeClimate ChangeConfrontingConfronting
in Earthin Earth’’s atmospheres atmosphere
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
Scientists calculate soil can store more carbon than atmosphere and all plants combined
2,500 billion tons in soil800 billion tons in atmosphere
560 billion tons in plant life
then there’s the soil microbes…
Suck COSuck CO22
fixed fixed intointo
transform intotransform into
boost soil fertilityboost soil fertility
photosynthesisphotosynthesis
restore restore MicrobiologyMicrobiologygrow more grow more biomassbiomass
pyrolysispyrolysis
inoculateinoculate
out of Earthout of Earth’’s atmospheres atmosphere
CarbohydratesCarbohydratesplant biomassplant biomass
BiocharBiocharsequestered carbonsequestered carbon
positive feedback loop
Climate ChangeClimate Change
super-stable: 1600+ yearssuper-stable: 1600+ years
into solid, stable moleculesinto solid, stable molecules
CharcoalCharcoal
Soil Food WebSoil Food WebAboriginal Cliff PaintingAboriginal Cliff Painting
AustraliaAustralia30,000+ years30,000+ years
Convert Infertile LandConvert Infertile Landintointo
Productive FarmlandProductive FarmlandNutrient-DenseNutrient-DenseCrops & FoodsCrops & Foods
Watersheds & Watersheds & Water QualityWater Quality
RenewableRenewableBiofuelsBiofuels
Deep Cavern ArtDeep Cavern Artsouthern Francesouthern France
32,000+ years32,000+ years
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
Climate ChangeClimate ChangeConfrontingConfronting
Replacing slash-and-burn agriculture Replacing slash-and-burn agriculture with slash-and-char,with slash-and-char,using farm and forestry wastes using farm and forestry wastes for biochar productionfor biochar productioncan provide COcan provide CO22 drawdown drawdown of ~8 ppm or more in half a century.of ~8 ppm or more in half a century.
Carbon sequestration in soil has significant potential.Carbon sequestration in soil has significant potential.
The Potential of BiocharThe Potential of BiocharAugust 2008August 2008
COCO22 drawdown drawdownof ~8 ppm or more in half a centuryof ~8 ppm or more in half a century..Dr. James Dr. James
HansenHansenleading US Climate Scientistleading US Climate Scientistwww.GlobalClimateSolutions.orgwww.GlobalClimateSolutions.org
Biochar produced in pyrolysis of residues from crops, Biochar produced in pyrolysis of residues from crops, forestry, and animal wastes can restore soil fertility forestry, and animal wastes can restore soil fertility while storing carbon for centuries to millennia. while storing carbon for centuries to millennia.
Biochar helps soil retain nutrients and fertilizers, Biochar helps soil retain nutrients and fertilizers, reducing GHG emissions such as Nreducing GHG emissions such as N22O.O.
Climate ChangeClimate ChangeConfrontingConfronting
THE FIRSTTHE FIRSTInternational Conference onInternational Conference on
Soil Carbon SequestrationSoil Carbon Sequestrationas a response to climate changeas a response to climate change
May 2013, Reykjavik, IcelandMay 2013, Reykjavik, Iceland
Carbon-Smart fertility?Carbon-Smart fertility?
Questions?Questions?about our futureabout our future
Who will feed Independence in 2020?Who will feed Independence in 2020? In 6 years?In 6 years?Who will be farmers?Who will be farmers? New farmers?New farmers? Young farmers?Young farmers?
What land will be reserved as farmland?What land will be reserved as farmland?How to rebuild local & regional food infrastructures?How to rebuild local & regional food infrastructures?
How do we grow food to feed communities?How do we grow food to feed communities?What crops must be grown?What crops must be grown?What methods of agriculture will be used?What methods of agriculture will be used?How will crops be processed, marketed & stored?How will crops be processed, marketed & stored?
How to put fertility in soil?How to put fertility in soil?Not just for one year – permanent, long-term, stable?Not just for one year – permanent, long-term, stable?Not just a few elements – all of them, in balance?Not just a few elements – all of them, in balance?
Not dependent on fossil fuels & synthetic chemistry?Not dependent on fossil fuels & synthetic chemistry?
Climate ChangeClimate ChangeConfrontingConfronting
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