the a to z of the work breakdown structures by nader khorrami rad, pmp ver 1.0 the a to z of the...
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The A to Z of the Work Breakdown Structures
1
By Nader Khorrami Rad, PMPver 1.0
The A to Z of the Work Breakdown Structures
The A to Z of the Work Breakdown Structures
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Part 1Introduction
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1.1.How We Manage Things
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1.2.Grouping the Project Work
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1.3.Why Should We Base the WBS on
Products?
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Grouping / organizing project work based on its products or results is called:
Work Breakdown Structure(WBS)
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The elements of the final product or result of a project, which is the output of
the activities is called:
Deliverable
All deliverables together = final product
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The sixth core principle of the PRINCE2:
Focus on Products
A successful project is output-oriented not activity-oriented.
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The most important aspect of focusing on products:
Work is subject to strategies and usually change, but deliverables do not change as often.
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Alternative 1: - Zone 1
- Place reinforcing bars in zone 1- Prepare formworks in zone 1- Pour concrete in zone 1
- Zone 2- Place reinforcing bars in zone 2- Prepare formworks in zone 2- Pour concrete in zone 2
Alternative 2: - Placing reinforcing bars
- Place reinforcing bars in zone 1- Place reinforcing bars in zone 2
- Preparing formworks- Prepare formworks in zone 1- Prepare formworks in zone 2
- Pouring concrete- Pour concrete in zone 1- Pour concrete in zone 2
Which one is better?
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Alternative 1: - Zone 1
- Place reinforcing bars in zone 1- Prepare formworks in zone 1- Pour concrete in zone 1
- Zone 2- Place reinforcing bars in zone 2- Prepare formworks in zone 2- Pour concrete in zone 2
Alternative 2: - Placing reinforcing bars
- Place reinforcing bars in zone 1- Place reinforcing bars in zone 2
- Preparing formworks- Prepare formworks in zone 1- Prepare formworks in zone 2
- Pouring concrete- Pour concrete in zone 1- Pour concrete in zone 2
Which one is better?Real deliverables Not main deliverables
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Alternative 1: - Zone 1
- Place reinforcing bars in zone 1- Prepare formworks in zone 1- Pour concrete in zone 1
- Zone 2- Place reinforcing bars in zone 2- Prepare formworks in zone 2- Pour concrete in zone 2
Alternative 2: - Placing reinforcing bars
- Place reinforcing bars in zone 1- Place reinforcing bars in zone 2
- Preparing formworks- Prepare formworks in zone 1- Prepare formworks in zone 2
- Pouring concrete- Pour concrete in zone 1- Pour concrete in zone 2
Which one is better?
Deliverable
Based Activity
Based
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1.4.From a Simple Grouping to a Hierarchy
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When we are dealing with large number of items, a simple one-level grouping would not be enough.
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1200 items; very hard to manage
▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
The A to Z of the Work Breakdown Structures
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1200 items, grouped in 120 grouping elementsstill hard to manage
❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿
Each group consists of 10 items
▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Grouping in one level
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1200 itemsgrouped in 120 grouping elements
and those grouping elements themselves are grouped in 12 higher level element
it’s now manageable!
❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿ ❿
Grouping in two levels
▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
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grouping item 1❿ grouping item 1.1
■ item 1.1.1■ item 1.1.2■ item 1.1.3■ item 1.1.4
❿ grouping item 1.2❿ grouping item 1.3
grouping item 2❿ grouping item 2.1❿ grouping item 2.2❿ grouping item 2.3❿ grouping item 2.4
The actual items
The second level of grouping
The first level of grouping
The multi-level groupings are
called hierarchies
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Another visual representation of the previous hierarchy
The Whole Structure
Item 1.1.1 Item 1.1.2 Item 1.1.3
Grouping Item 1.1
Grouping Item 1.2
Grouping Item 1.3
Grouping Item 1
Grouping Item 2
Item 1.1.4
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WBS is a hierarchical decomposition of the project work, based on deliverables.
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1.5.Grouping and Summarization
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Grouping is used for organizing things.Organizing things makes it easier to manage them.
Managing is not possible without summarized information.
We also use groupings to provide summarized information.
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Name Cost
Master grouping element
Grouping element 1
item 1.1 1,500 €item 1.2 800 €item 1.3 2,400 €
Grouping element 2
item 2.1 500 €item 2.2 950 €
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Name Cost
Master grouping element
Grouping element 1 ?
item 1.1 1,500 €item 1.2 800 €item 1.3 2,400 €
Grouping element 2 ?
item 2.1 500 €item 2.2 950 €
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Name Cost
Master grouping element
Grouping element 1 4,700 €item 1.1 1,500 €item 1.2 800 €item 1.3 2,400 €
Grouping element 2 1,450 €item 2.1 500 €item 2.2 950 €
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Name Cost
Master grouping element ?
Grouping element 1 4,700 €item 1.1 1,500 €item 1.2 800 €item 1.3 2,400 €
Grouping element 2 1,450 €item 2.1 500 €item 2.2 950 €
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Name Cost
Master grouping element 6,150 € Grouping element 1 4,700 €
item 1.1 1,500 €item 1.2 800 €item 1.3 2,400 €
Grouping element 2 1,450 €item 2.1 500 €item 2.2 950 €
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Name Cost Start
Master grouping element 6,150 € Grouping element 1 4,700 €
item 1.1 1,500 € Jan 1
item 1.2 800 € Jan 8
item 1.3 2,400 € Jan 12
Grouping element 2 1,450 €item 2.1 500 € Jan 3
item 2.2 950 € Jan 6
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Name Cost Start
Master grouping element 6,150 € Grouping element 1 4,700 € ?
item 1.1 1,500 € Jan 1
item 1.2 800 € Jan 8
item 1.3 2,400 € Jan 12
Grouping element 2 1,450 € ?
item 2.1 500 € Jan 3
item 2.2 950 € Jan 6
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Name Cost Start
Master grouping element 6,150 € Grouping element 1 4,700 € Jan 1
item 1.1 1,500 € Jan 1
item 1.2 800 € Jan 8
item 1.3 2,400 € Jan 12
Grouping element 2 1,450 € Jan 3
item 2.1 500 € Jan 3
item 2.2 950 € Jan 6
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Name Cost Start
Master grouping element 6,150 € ?
Grouping element 1 4,700 € Jan 1
item 1.1 1,500 € Jan 1
item 1.2 800 € Jan 8
item 1.3 2,400 € Jan 12
Grouping element 2 1,450 € Jan 3
item 2.1 500 € Jan 3
item 2.2 950 € Jan 6
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Name Cost Start
Master grouping element 6,150 € Jan 1
Grouping element 1 4,700 € Jan 1
item 1.1 1,500 € Jan 1
item 1.2 800 € Jan 8
item 1.3 2,400 € Jan 12
Grouping element 2 1,450 € Jan 3
item 2.1 500 € Jan 3
item 2.2 950 € Jan 6
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Name Cost Start Finish
Master grouping element 6,150 € Jan 1
Grouping element 1 4,700 € Jan 1
item 1.1 1,500 € Jan 1 Jan 3
item 1.2 800 € Jan 8 Jan 12
item 1.3 2,400 € Jan 12 Jan 18
Grouping element 2 1,450 € Jan 3
item 2.1 500 € Jan 3 Jan 6
item 2.2 950 € Jan 6 Jan 11
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Name Cost Start Finish
Master grouping element 6,150 € Jan 1
Grouping element 1 4,700 € Jan 1 ?
item 1.1 1,500 € Jan 1 Jan 3
item 1.2 800 € Jan 8 Jan 12
item 1.3 2,400 € Jan 12 Jan 18
Grouping element 2 1,450 € Jan 3 ?
item 2.1 500 € Jan 3 Jan 6
item 2.2 950 € Jan 6 Jan 11
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Name Cost Start Finish
Master grouping element 6,150 € Jan 1
Grouping element 1 4,700 € Jan 1 Jan 18
item 1.1 1,500 € Jan 1 Jan 3
item 1.2 800 € Jan 8 Jan 12
item 1.3 2,400 € Jan 12 Jan 18
Grouping element 2 1,450 € Jan 3 Jan 11
item 2.1 500 € Jan 3 Jan 6
item 2.2 950 € Jan 6 Jan 11
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Name Cost Start Finish
Master grouping element 6,150 € Jan 1 ?
Grouping element 1 4,700 € Jan 1 Jan 18
item 1.1 1,500 € Jan 1 Jan 3
item 1.2 800 € Jan 8 Jan 12
item 1.3 2,400 € Jan 12 Jan 18
Grouping element 2 1,450 € Jan 3 Jan 11
item 2.1 500 € Jan 3 Jan 6
item 2.2 950 € Jan 6 Jan 11
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Name Cost Start Finish
Master grouping element 6,150 € Jan 1 Jan 18
Grouping element 1 4,700 € Jan 1 Jan 18
item 1.1 1,500 € Jan 1 Jan 3
item 1.2 800 € Jan 8 Jan 12
item 1.3 2,400 € Jan 12 Jan 18
Grouping element 2 1,450 € Jan 3 Jan 11
item 2.1 500 € Jan 3 Jan 6
item 2.2 950 € Jan 6 Jan 11
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Name Cost Start Finish Duration
Master grouping element 6,150 € Jan 1 Jan 18
Grouping element 1 4,700 € Jan 1 Jan 18
item 1.1 1,500 € Jan 1 Jan 3 2 days
item 1.2 800 € Jan 8 Jan 12 4 days
item 1.3 2,400 € Jan 12 Jan 18 6 days
Grouping element 2 1,450 € Jan 3 Jan 11
item 2.1 500 € Jan 3 Jan 6 3 days
item 2.2 950 € Jan 6 Jan 11 5 days
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Name Cost Start Finish Duration
Master grouping element 6,150 € Jan 1 Jan 18
Grouping element 1 4,700 € Jan 1 Jan 18 ?
item 1.1 1,500 € Jan 1 Jan 3 2 days
item 1.2 800 € Jan 8 Jan 12 4 days
item 1.3 2,400 € Jan 12 Jan 18 6 days
Grouping element 2 1,450 € Jan 3 Jan 11 ?
item 2.1 500 € Jan 3 Jan 6 3 days
item 2.2 950 € Jan 6 Jan 11 5 days
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Name Cost Start Finish Duration
Master grouping element 6,150 € Jan 1 Jan 18
Grouping element 1 4,700 € Jan 1 Jan 18 17 days
item 1.1 1,500 € Jan 1 Jan 3 2 days
item 1.2 800 € Jan 8 Jan 12 4 days
item 1.3 2,400 € Jan 12 Jan 18 6 days
Grouping element 2 1,450 € Jan 3 Jan 11 8 days
item 2.1 500 € Jan 3 Jan 6 3 days
item 2.2 950 € Jan 6 Jan 11 5 days
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Name Cost Start Finish Duration
Master grouping element 6,150 € Jan 1 Jan 18 ?
Grouping element 1 4,700 € Jan 1 Jan 18 17 days
item 1.1 1,500 € Jan 1 Jan 3 2 days
item 1.2 800 € Jan 8 Jan 12 4 days
item 1.3 2,400 € Jan 12 Jan 18 6 days
Grouping element 2 1,450 € Jan 3 Jan 11 8 days
item 2.1 500 € Jan 3 Jan 6 3 days
item 2.2 950 € Jan 6 Jan 11 5 days
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Name Cost Start Finish Duration
Master grouping element 6,150 € Jan 1 Jan 18 17 days
Grouping element 1 4,700 € Jan 1 Jan 18 17 days
item 1.1 1,500 € Jan 1 Jan 3 2 days
item 1.2 800 € Jan 8 Jan 12 4 days
item 1.3 2,400 € Jan 12 Jan 18 6 days
Grouping element 2 1,450 € Jan 3 Jan 11 8 days
item 2.1 500 € Jan 3 Jan 6 3 days
item 2.2 950 € Jan 6 Jan 11 5 days
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Name Cost Start Finish Duration
Master grouping element 6,150 € Jan 1 Jan 18 17 days
Grouping element 1 4,700 € Jan 1 Jan 18 17 days
item 1.1 1,500 € Jan 1 Jan 3 2 days
item 1.2 800 € Jan 8 Jan 12 4 days
item 1.3 2,400 € Jan 12 Jan 18 6 days
Grouping element 2 1,450 € Jan 3 Jan 11 8 days
item 2.1 500 € Jan 3 Jan 6 3 days
item 2.2 950 € Jan 6 Jan 11 5 days
Sum Min Max CalcRollup methods:
The appropriate method of rollup depends on the nature of the information.
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Hig
her
leve
ls o
f W
BS
Su
mm
ariz
ed in
form
atio
n
Lo
wer
leve
ls o
f W
BS
Det
aile
d in
form
atio
n
information for executing team
WBS
information for project management team
information for executives
The fifth core principle of the PRINCE2:Manage by Exception
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Hig
her
leve
ls o
f W
BS
Su
mm
ariz
ed in
form
atio
n
Lo
wer
leve
ls o
f W
BS
Det
aile
d in
form
atio
n
information for executing team
WBS
information for project management team
information for executivesA well-formed WBS provides appropriate information for each management level involved in the project.
A poor WBS couses problems in monitoring and controlling the project.
An effective WBS is always deliverable-based.
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1.6.WBS Cousins and Relatives
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Part 2The Theory of the WBS
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2.1.Definition and Rules of WBS
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2.2.Naming Conventions of the WBS Elements
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2.3.Levels of the WBS
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What are the standard levels of WBS?
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5
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What are the standard levels of WBS?
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5
First Level: Project
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What are the standard levels of WBS?
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5
First Level: Project
It’s the only standard level of the WBS. There’s no global
standard for other levels and it completely depends on the
project.
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What are the standard levels of WBS?
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5
First Level: Project
It’s the only standard level of the WBS. There’s no global
standard for other levels and it completely depends on the
project.
However, some organizations have defined their own standard WBS levels for certain types of projects.
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What are the standard levels of WBS?
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5
First Level: ProjectSome resources prefer to
consider “Project” as
level 1
and others as
Level 0
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What are the standard levels of WBS?
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5
First Level: ProjectSome resources prefer to
consider “Project” as
level 1
and others as
Level 0
(more common)
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Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCAA
XCXBXA
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Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCAA
XCXBXA
How many levels do we have in this sample WBS?
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Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCAA
XCXBXA
How many levels do we have in this sample WBS?
Level 1
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Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCAA
XCXBXA
How many levels do we have in this sample WBS?
Level 1
Level 1
Level 2
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Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCAA
XCXBXA
How many levels do we have in this sample WBS?
Level 1
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
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Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCAA
XCXBXA
How many levels do we have in this sample WBS?
Level 1
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
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Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCAA
XCXBXA
How many levels do we have in this sample WBS?
Level 1
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
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Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCAA
XCXBXA
How many levels do we have in this sample WBS?
4 Levels
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Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCAA
XCXBXA
Single child structure is not recommended!
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You can always delete a single child and transfer its activities to its parent.
Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCAA
XCXBXA
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Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCXBXA
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Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCXBXA
One extra level in this branch
You don’t have to use the same number of levels in every branch of the WBS
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Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCXBXA
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Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCXBXA
The elements in the lowest level of the WBS are called Work Packages.
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Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCXBXA
The elements in the lowest level of the WBS are called Work Packages.
The elements in the lowest level of the WBS are those which do not have any children.
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72
Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCXBXA
The elements in the lowest level of the WBS are called Work Packages.
Select work packages
The elements in the lowest level of the WBS are those which do not have any children.
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73
Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCXBXA
The elements in the lowest level of the WBS are called Work Packages.
The elements in the lowest level of the WBS are those which do not have any children.
The A to Z of the Work Breakdown Structures
74
Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCXBXA
The elements in the lowest level of the WBS are called Work Packages.
The elements in the lowest level of the WBS are those which do not have any children.
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75
Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCXBXA
XABB XABC
The elements in the lowest level of the WBS are called Work Packages.
Not a work package
anymore
The elements in the lowest level of the WBS are those which do not have any children.
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76
Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCXBXA
XABB XABC
Work packages are decomposed into activities…
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77
Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCXBXA
XABB XABC
it’s recommended to put activities only under the work packages, not
other WBS elements.
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78
Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCXBXA
XABB XABC XABD
You can usually fix it by defining new work packages.
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79
Project
XABA XABB XABC
XAA XAB XBA XBB XBC XCA XCB
XCXBXA
XABB XABC XABD
You can usually fix it by defining new work packages.
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80
How much should we break down the WBS?How much detail is recommended?
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81
How much should we break down the WBS?How much detail is recommended?
DoD recommends to break down the WBS in a way that its underlying activities do not exceed 44 working days.
(each month usually contains 22 working days)
PMI recommends to break down the WBS in a way that its underlying activities exceed two times of the control period.
(the maximum duration for a project which is controlled in a monthly basis will then be 2 calendar months, or 44 working days in a regular calendar)
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82
How much should we break down the WBS?How much detail is recommended?
DoD recommends to break down the WBS in a way that its underlying activities do not exceed 44 working days.
(each month usually contains 22 working days)
PMI recommends to break down the WBS in a way that its underlying activities exceed two times of the control period.
(the maximum duration for a project which is control in a monthly basis will then be 2 calendar months, or 44 working days in a regular calendar)
These values are not based on any
calculation, they are just best practices.
People are usually more successful by
using these limits.
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83
How much should we break down the WBS?How much detail is recommended?
DoD recommends to break down the WBS in a way that its underlying activities do not exceed 44 working days.
(each month usually contains 22 working days)
PMI recommends to break down the WBS in a way that its underlying activities exceed two times of the control period.
(the maximum duration for a project which is control in a monthly basis will then be 2 calendar months, or 44 working days in a regular calendar)
Level of Effort (LOE) activities are
exceptions and can be longer.
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84
2.4.WBS Codes
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85
Part 3The Process of Creating WBS
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86
Part 4Hands-on Exercise
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