the early ottoman empire 1281 - 1600s
Post on 25-Jan-2016
38 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Osman I (Othman): 1299-1326
Beginnings• Gazi warriors are “fighters for the faith” and their excellent
skills help to expand Ottoman territory into new areas in 13th-14th centuries
• Osman, founder of the Ottoman dynasty, was a gazi warrior and commanded great loyalty from his followers
• 1071 Seljuq Turks defeated the Byzantines. In 1277 they defeated the Mongols – individuals able to carve out principalities in Anatolia in the midst of this upheaval
• Osman, founder of the Ottoman dynasty, was a gazi warrior and commanded great loyalty from his followers
• Osman succeeded in expanding his small territory into new areas in 13th-14th centuries
Military Organization
• In the Balkans, Ottomans forced Christian families to surrender young boys to military and state service: devshirme-Often grew up to be exceptionally loyal Janissaries (infantry) and sate administrators• Sipahis: Cavalry maintained with income from their fiefs (timar lands). But peasants on their land not serfs
Janissaries
The Golden Age of the Ottomans
Ottoman Expansion• Mehmed I and Murad II presided over the
period of final consolidation of Ottoman power in Europe
• Must concurrently deal with unrest in Anatolia in addition to Balkan campaigns and threats from Hungary
• 1439: occupy Serbia but are still unable to capture Belgrade, still a Hungarian border fortress
• 1444: Victory at Varna important for the fate of the rest of the Balkans and Constantinople
Mehmet II: 1444-1445; 1451-1481
(“The Conqueror”)
Fall of Constantinople
• 1453: Constantinople falls to Ottomans under Mehmed II “The Conqueror”
• Renamed Istanbul• Transformation from warrior sultan to
emperor of “two lands” (Europe, Asia) and “two seas” (Black Sea, Mediterranean)
The Fall of Constantinople: 1453
Suleiman the Magnificent:(1520-1566)
Suleiman’s Signature
Suleyman the Magnificent (cont.)• 1526: Battle of Mohacs in Hungary, won by the
Ottomans under Suleyman the Magnificent. Height of Ottoman power.
• Suleyman also known as “Kanuni” i.e. Lawgiver: reconciles Islamic Law with requirements of Ottoman administration
• Besieges Vienna. • Builds naval power• Expands into Asia• Encourages learning
The Ottoman Empire During the 16c
The Ottoman Bureaucracy
SULTANSULTAN
DivansDivans
Social / MilitaryDivans
Social / MilitaryDivans
Heads of Individual
Religious Millets
Heads of Individual
Religious Millets
Local Administrators& Military
Local Administrators& Military
Landowners / Tax CollectorsLandowners / Tax Collectors
MuslimsMuslims JewsJews
ChristiansChristians
top related