the high (late) middle ages
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Royal Power Notes
The student will demonstrate knowledge of social, economic, and political changes and cultural achievements in the late medieval period by Describing the emergence
of nation-states and distinctive political developments in each
Identify patterns of crisis and recovery related to the Black Death
Questions How did European nation-
states expand their territories and consolidate their power?
How did the Black Death alter economic and social institutions in much of Asia and then in Europe?
Had Domesday Book compiled 1086 census, listed every castle, field, and pigpen in England (tax collecting system)▪ Called that because no one
could escape▪ Helped William plan taxes▪ Created a royal exchequer,
or treasury
Battle of Hastings William the Conqueror defeated Harold and assumed the crown of England
Led the Norman conquest
United England
Exerted firm control over his lands
Granted fiefs to the church and his Norman lords
Monitored the building of castles
Required every vassal to swear first allegiance to him
Broadened system of royal justice Reigned from 1154- 1189 A.D. Energetic and well-educated Increased criminal cases heard
by King
Common Law decisions of royal courts, law that was the same for all people
Jury System a group of men sworn to speak the truth, determined which cases should be brought to trial Established early jury system, group
of men sworn to speak the truth
Tried to limit role of church▪ Had Thomas a Becket
beheaded▪ Was archbishop of
Canterbury▪ Henry had to back down
from challenging the church
Married Eleanor of Aquitaine Dowry included French
lands
Henry’s son King John was clever, but greedy and cruel
Lost war against Philip II Lost land in France and
battled with Pope over Canterbury▪ gave up English lands in
Anjou and Normandy
Nobles resented growing power of the King Rebellion occurred
Signed Magna Carta (1215) Nobles had certain
rights overtime these rights were extended to all English citizens
The monarch must obey the law ▪ Basis of the right known as “due
process of law”▪ King Edward I, representative
government was developed Called the English Parliament▪ Granted taxes and passed
laws▪ Usually made of two knights
from every county
843 A.D. Carolingian Empire was divided into three sections
Frankish lands, were mainly France
987 A.D. the last Carolingian king died Kings afterwards had little
power Dukes were more powerful Royal domain only included
Paris, called Ile-de-France
Hugh Capet 987 C.E. Count of Paris who
increased royal power and built an effective bureaucracy▪ Government officials
collected taxes▪ Imposed royal law▪ Backed middle class
townspeople
Made the throne hereditary and won the support of the Church
Added to French royal lands
King Phillip Augustus (Phillip II) Reigned from 1180- 1223 Turning point for French
monarchy Waged war against
England▪ Reclaimed much of
Normandy as well as parts of Anjou
▪ Expanded territory and wealth, as well as power
By 1300 France was largest and best governed state in Europe▪ Paid middle-classmen to
government positions instead of appointing nobility
Granted charters for new towns, organized a standing army and created a national tax
By 1233 Philip was the most powerful ruler in Europe
1469 Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Aragon Created a unified state▪ Combined forces to
finally expel the Muslims 1492 completed the
Reconquista with the capture of Granada
Isabella ended Muslim policy of religious toleration▪ Supports the Inquisition▪ Court to accuse people
of heresy▪ Jews and Muslims
attacked and burned at the stake
▪ Isabella expelled Jews in 1492 and Muslims that didn’t convert by 1502
The Spanish Empire expanded under Charles V
Until 1480 Mongols dominated the Rus Ivan refused to pay tribute
to Mongols Wanted to create a seat
of Christian power Overthrew Mongols▪ Created centralized
government Increased Russia's
landholdings Established absolute
rule in Russia (Czar)
Black Death – Bubonic Plague
Disease spread by fleas on rats Spread from Asia to
Europe (trade routes) Fleas jumped from
rats to infest the clothes and packs of traders traveling west Took four years to reach
all parts of Europe
Unsanitary conditions in towns and homes guaranteed the disease would spread
Symptoms – swelling, black bruises, heavy sweats, & convulsive coughing People spat blood and
stank terribly (rotting flesh)
Economic Town populations fell
▪ Trade declined
Workers were scare Farmland abandoned Serfs unpaid▪ Manorial system crumbled
Peasant revolts against nobility in England, France, Italy, and Belgium
Social Pessimistic outlooks
▪ Some people turned to magic and witchcraft for cures
Massive migration
Religious Church lost prestige
▪ Clergy took advantage of performing funerals
Christians blamed the Jews for the plague
Some saw the plague as God’s punishment – beat themselves with whips to show repentance for their sins
The Hundred Years’ War
Edward III (English King) claimed the French throne in 1337
The became known as the “Hundred Years War” because it was fought on and off from 1337- 1453 C.E.
Fought mainly on French soil
At first, England won a string of victories they owed their success
to the longbow ▪ discharged three arrows at
a time and its arrows pierced all but the heaviest armor
1st victory at the Battle of Crecy August 26, 1346 C.E. English archers and
footsoldiers destroyed the arrogant French knights
Poitiers English Victory in 1347
C.E. Again English longbows
prevailed The French King and his
son were captured and held for ransom
Agincourt 1415 C.E. English Victory 6000 English versus 20-
30,000 French Success of longbow key
It looked like England would win the war French and English
had signed a treaty allowing Henry V to inherit French crown
In 1429 C.E. Joan of Arc convinced the French King to let her lead his army against the English Battle of Orleans
Unified French troops/ nation
The English captured Joan of Arc, tried her for witchcraft, and burned her at the stake
French viewed Joan as a martyr (strengthened their cause) French went on the
offensive after Joan’s death – used the cannon (new weapon) to attack the English
France – created a growing sense of nationalism in France and allowed French Kings to expand their power
England – forced the English Kings to rely heavily on Parliament to fund the war (England lost its French lands – what remained) “Power of the purse” End of the Middle Ages
The student will demonstrate knowledge of social, economic, and political changes and cultural achievements in the late medieval period by Describing the emergence
of nation-states and distinctive political developments in each
Identify patterns of crisis and recovery related to the Black Death
Questions How did European nation-
states expand their territories and consolidate their power?
How did the Black Death alter economic and social institutions in much of Asia and then in Europe?
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