the middle ages · • pope adrian i asked for help (773) • defeat of the lombards • march into...
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The Holy Roman Empire
THE MIDDLE AGES:
The Roman Empire:
753BCE – 476CE
The Holy Roman Empire:
800CE – 1806CE
OVERVIEW
• Carolingian Monarchy
CHARLES MARTEL
• Replaces Merovingian Dynasty
• Asked Pope to name him King
• Protect Italy against the Lombards
• Papal States
PEPIN THE SHORT
PEPIN THE SHORT
• Ruled:771-814
• Charles “the Great”
• Son of Pepin
• Great military leader
• Extraordinary politician
• Devout catholic
• Helped reform the Church
CHARLEMAGNE
• Pope Adrian I asked for help (773)
• Defeat of the Lombards
• March into Rome (Easter morning 774)
• Patrician of Rome
• Ruler of the Lombards
• United all Germanic kingdoms
CHARLEMAGNE
• Charges against Pope Leo III (d. 816)
• March into Rome (800)
• Helps Leo III
• Crowned emperor
CHARLEMAGNE
814: Charlemagne died
• Vacuum of power
• People fear barbarians
• The nobility (lords) step up to offer protection
843: Treaty of Verdun
• The empire was officially split
RISE OF FEUDALISM
Lords assume control
Lords offer protection
Vassals/serfs serve in lord’s army
RISE OF FEUDALISM
RISE OF FEUDALISM
Nobles soon gained control over Churches
(Proprietary Churches)
Imperial Church System
Demoralization of the Church
Investiture Ceremony
Money
Lay investiture
Caesaropapism
RISE OF FEUDALISM
This often led to the sins of
Nicolaitism
Simony
RISE OF FEUDALISM
Founding of monasteries
Penitential Function
Family Function
Military Function
RISE OF FEUDALISM
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