The Holy Roman Empire

THE MIDDLE AGES:

The Roman Empire:

753BCE – 476CE

The Holy Roman Empire:

800CE – 1806CE

OVERVIEW

• Carolingian Monarchy

CHARLES MARTEL

• Replaces Merovingian Dynasty

• Asked Pope to name him King

• Protect Italy against the Lombards

• Papal States

PEPIN THE SHORT

PEPIN THE SHORT

• Ruled:771-814

• Charles “the Great”

• Son of Pepin

• Great military leader

• Extraordinary politician

• Devout catholic

• Helped reform the Church

CHARLEMAGNE

• Pope Adrian I asked for help (773)

• Defeat of the Lombards

• March into Rome (Easter morning 774)

• Patrician of Rome

• Ruler of the Lombards

• United all Germanic kingdoms

CHARLEMAGNE

• Charges against Pope Leo III (d. 816)

• March into Rome (800)

• Helps Leo III

• Crowned emperor

CHARLEMAGNE

814: Charlemagne died

• Vacuum of power

• People fear barbarians

• The nobility (lords) step up to offer protection

843: Treaty of Verdun

• The empire was officially split

RISE OF FEUDALISM

Lords assume control

Lords offer protection

Vassals/serfs serve in lord’s army

RISE OF FEUDALISM

RISE OF FEUDALISM

RISE OF FEUDALISM

RISE OF FEUDALISM

Nobles soon gained control over Churches

(Proprietary Churches)

Imperial Church System

Demoralization of the Church

Investiture Ceremony

Money

Lay investiture

Caesaropapism

RISE OF FEUDALISM

This often led to the sins of

Nicolaitism

Simony

RISE OF FEUDALISM

Founding of monasteries

Penitential Function

Family Function

Military Function

RISE OF FEUDALISM