the niosh mining program - west virginia university · my goals for today’s meeting! provide the...
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My Goals for Today’sMy Goals for Today’sMeetingMeeting
! Provide the rationale for our currentmining research program
! Provide you with a broad overview of themining program within NIOSH
Goal’s ContinuedGoal’s Continued
! Share with you the current focus areaswithin the mining program
! Share with you some future directions
! Have a discussion of these topics
Outline of Today’sOutline of Today’sPresentationPresentation
! An overview of the mining industry withemphasis on health and safety issues
! An overview of the NIOSH mining program! Current focus areas of the mining program! Future plans and directions! Discussion
NIOSHNIOSH
! Vision: Delivering on the Nation’s promise:safety and health at work for all peoplethrough research and prevention.
Office of Mine Safety andOffice of Mine Safety andHealthHealth
! Mission: Provide national and worldleadership to prevent mining work-relatedillness, injury, and death by gatheringinformation, conducting scientific researchand demonstrations, and translating theknowledge gained into products andservices.
EmployeesEmployees
108,060101,519102,296Total
2,19712,63346,297Underground
105,86388,88655,999Surface
Sand, Graveland Stone
Metal andNonmetal
Coal
What Is Unique About MiningWhat Is Unique About Mining! One of the 6 extreme work environments (space,
underwater, arctic, deserts, mountains andunderground)
! Confined space! Visibility is poor! Surrounding structure is unpredictable! Atmosphere is dusty and potentially toxic or
explosive
The First International DesignThe First International Designfor Extreme Environmentsfor Extreme Environments
AssemblyAssembly
University of Houston,November 12-15, 1991,Houston, Texas
Fatalities & RatesFatalities & Rates
1966-70 1971-75 1976-80 1981-85 1986-90 1991-950
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
Num
ber o
f Fat
aliti
es (5
-Yea
r Agg
rega
tes)
0
50
100
150
200Annual Average Fatality R
ate
Coal M/NM Rate Coal Rate M/NM
Sunshine fire (91 deaths)
Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977Consolidated federal mine regulations for Coal and M/NM under DOL/MSHA
Farmington explosion (78 deaths)
Federal Coal Mine and Safety Act of 1969Regulatory enforcement vastly increased
Still have a long way to go...Still have a long way to go...
! 1999, U.S.– 90 fatalities– 16,127 injuries
! 461,290 days lost
– 882 new cases of occupational illnesses
RespirableRespirable Coal Dust Coal Dust! 1100 deaths in 1999
! Annual cost of$1,600,000,000
! 8% of undergroundcoal miners withmore than 25 yearshave CWP
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Dea
ths
87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96Year
Coal Dust Problems CouldCoal Dust Problems CouldGet WorseGet Worse
! Productivity isincreasing every year(and dust generationincreases withproductivity)
! As deeper coalbeds areexploited, ventilationwill become moredifficult
Average Longwall Production as Reported by Mine Operators
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99
Year
Shift
Pro
duct
ion,
tons
Noise-induced Hearing LossNoise-induced Hearing Loss
! 70 – 90 % of coal minershave a hearing disability
! In general, if you areover 45 years of age andhave 20 years in themines, you are hearingimpaired
Percentage of Miners Percentage of Miners Exceeding 25 Exceeding 25 dBAdBA Hearing LossHearing Loss
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64
Age in Years
Per
cent
Hea
ring
Im
pair
men
t
Coal M NM Non-Exposed
FatalitiesFatalities
! Fatality rate is 6times greater thanthe nationalaverage
3.8
13.9
22.1
25.8
27.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Fatality Rates/100,000
All Industries
Construction
Agriculture
M/NM Mining
Coal Mining
Fatality Rates by Industry (U.S.)1998
Diesel ParticulatesDiesel Particulates! 30,000 underground
workers are exposedto concentrations thatare 20 times greaterthan 50 ug/m3
! Primarily the metaland nonmetal miners
Silica DustSilica Dust
Silica Dust Samples Exceeding PEL for Underground Coal Mining
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Perc
ent
Roof B olter C ontinuous Miner Shearer
Operator Location
GOLD AND STONE MINESMOST FREQUENTLY SAMPLED OCCUPATIONS
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
G OL D ST O NE
Perc
ent
Ove
r Si
lica
PEL TRU CK D RIVER
F R-EN D LOAD OPTR
R OT DR ILL OPTR
---------------------------
F R-EN D LOAD OPTR
R OT DR ILL OPTR
TRU CK D RIVER
InjuriesInjuries
! Severity of injuries isgreater than otherindustrial sectors
! Long-term effects ofworking in anunderground settingare significant
Equipment SafetySafety of Processor Control
2.9 3.3
2.7 2.1
2.9 1.8
5.7 1.9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Injuries /100 E mployees
All Indus tries
Metal Mining
NonmetallicMining
C oal Mining
Injury R ates by S everity (U .S )1998
Lost T im e N o Lost T im e
Toxic SubstancesToxic Substances
! Many metal mineworkers are exposedto more than twice thePEL.
! For silver mining,almost half theworkers areoverexposed.
Technology and KnowledgeTechnology and KnowledgeShortcomingsShortcomings
!Dust measurement
!Hearing loss prevention strategies
!Adequate structural designsmethodologies
Significant IssuesSignificant Issues!Equipment safety
!Aging workforce
!Disaster prevention and lifesupport
High Priority ResearchHigh Priority ResearchAreasAreas
!Dust monitoring and control
!Hearing loss prevention
!Fatality prevention
Dust Monitoring and ControlDust Monitoring and ControlReal-Time Monitoringfor Coal Dust Exposures
Silica Exposures atSurface andUnderground Operations
Strategies for DustControl
Hearing Loss PreventionHearing Loss PreventionSurvey of Noise Sources
Miner Exposures
Hearing ConservationPrograms
Quiet-by-Design
Spokane Research LabSpokane Research Lab! Spokane, Washington! 100 Employees! Mining Injury and Disease
Prevention! Catastrophic Failure
Detection and Prevention! Mining Surveillance and
Statistical Support! Extramural Coordination
and InformationDissemination
ZEUSZEUSHydrogen Powered “ZeroHydrogen Powered “ZeroEmission Utility Solution”Emission Utility Solution”
Pittsburgh Research LabPittsburgh Research Lab! Pittsburgh, Pa! 300 Employees! Disaster Prevention
and Response! Health! Mining Injury
Prevention! Surveillance, Statistics
and Research Support
Lake Lynn LaboratoryLake Lynn Laboratory
Conveyor Belt FireConveyor Belt Fire Explosives TestingExplosives Testing
Grain ExplosionGrain Explosion DOT TestingDOT Testing
Extramural ResearchExtramural Research•Colorado School of Mines
•University of Kentucky
•Penn State University
•Virginia Polytechnic Institute
•West Virginia University
•Harvard Medical Center
•Michigan Tech University
Extramural Research AreasExtramural Research Areas
Noise-induced hearing loss prevention
Mine ventilation
Ground control
Surveillance
Training
Rock Mechanics
Future Plans and VisionFuture Plans and Vision! Never forget that it is about the safety and
health of the mine worker.! Work with, listen to, and be guided by our
stakeholders.! Increase the use of partnership to bring
more resources ($ and expertise) to bear onthe problems.
Future Plans and VisionFuture Plans and Vision! Better serve the mine worker by improving
how we get the results of our work into themines.
! Increase the size of the extramural researchcomponent in direct support of on-goingintramural efforts.
Lew Wade, Associate Director for Mining
Phone: 202-401-2192 Email: low0@cdc.gov
Washington, DC
Ros Hill, Lab Director
Phone: 509-354-8001 Email: gzh0@cdc.gov
Spokane, Washington
Jeff Kohler, Lab Director
Phone: 412-386-6601 Email: jtk4@cdc.gov
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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