the potential of organic farming for biodiversity · biodiversity of birdssity of birds chamberlain...

3rd & 4th March 2002,Zamek Ujazdowski, Warsaw / Poland

3rd & 4th March 2002,Zamek Ujazdowski, Warsaw / Poland

The Potential of Organic Farming for BiodiversityThe Potential of Organic Farming for Biodiversity

Prof. Dr. H. Vogtmann, President of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Germany

Prof. Dr. H. Vogtmann, President of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Germany

Organic Farming & BiodiversityOrganic Farming & Biodiversity

The three Pillars of the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD, Rio 1992)The three Pillars of the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD, Rio 1992)

� Conservation of Biological Diversity

� Sustainable use of it’s components

� Fair and equitable sharingof the benefits

� Contributes to preservation of biodiversity

� Protects ground water from nitrate and pesticide pollution

� Produces healthy food

� Ensures jobs in agriculture, food processing and marketing

� Strives for a largely closed farm cycle

� Preserves soil fertility

� Preserves air, soil and energy resources

� Provides for adequate animal housing

(Vogtmann & Zerger 1999)

24

42

35

10

52 1 0 00

24

1317 17

21

15

75

0

10

20

30

40

50

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 >=10

Perc

enta

ge o

f far

ms

Yearsbefore conversionafter conversion

Biodiversity in Grain CropsBiodiversity in Grain CropsBiodiversity in Grain Crops

(Frieben 1997)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

v. Elsen 1990

Schmid & Steiner 1986

Wolff-Straub 1989

Callauch 1981

Frieben & Köpke 1995

Anger & Kühbach 1993

Meisel 1979

Braunewell u.a. 1985

Pfadenhauer u.a. 1986

Frieben 1990

Elsen 1990

Plakolm 1989

Frieben & Köpke 1995

Ammer u.a. 1988

Ries 1988

Meisel 1978 Sand

Meisel 1978 Loam

%

Biodiversity in Grass LandBiodiversity in Grass LandBiodiversity in Grass Land

(Frieben 1997)

2,42,91 2,7

3,1

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

conventional(dry-fresh)

biological (dry-fresh)

conventional(humid)

biological(humid)

Shan

non-

Wie

ner-

Inde

x

Number of plant species in grassland in relation to management intensity

(after Elsässer 1995 and Briemle 1988)

Number of plant species in grassland in relation to management intensity

(after Elsässer 1995 and Briemle 1988)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1 2 3 4 50

1

2

3

4

5

6

Number of species/100 sq.m.

Yield (dt OM/ha)Number of uses

Numberof uses

Species /100 m 2

Yield(dt OM/ha)

� Structure of Landscape

� Pasture management

� Cutting / Grazing

� Stocking Rate

� Fertilization

Guidance for low intensive grassland management

Guidance for low Guidance for low intensive intensive grassland managementgrassland management

Grassland

(Kullmann & Gräbener 2000)

� Housing

� Feeding

� Veterinary Management

� Breeding

� Transport / Slaughtering

Guidance for low intensive grassland management

Guidance for low Guidance for low intensive intensive grassland managementgrassland management

Ruminants

(Kullmann & Gräbener 2000)

� High digestibility

� Good consumption by ruminants

� Rich in minerals

� With low fertilization higher yields thangrass

� Beauty of the landscape

Advantages of herbs in grassland

Advantages of Advantages of herbs herbs in in grasslandgrassland

� Nutrition base for insects

(Elsässer 1995)

Biodiversity of BirdsBiodiversity Biodiversity of of BirdsBirds

Chamberlain et al. (1996) In:Vogtmann & Ries (1998)

162conventional farming >organic Farming

171316organic farming >conventional farming

181918total

199419931992year

Number of bird species nesting on organic and conventional

managed arable land

Biodiversity of BirdsBiodiversity Biodiversity of of BirdsBirds

Chamberlain et al. (1996) In:Vogtmann & Ries (1998)

6222conventional farming >organic Farming

12161616organic farming >conventional farming

18181818totallateearlylateearly

winter1993/94

winter1992/93year

Number of bird species on organicand conventional managedarable land during winter

14thCent.

16thCent.

18thCent.

19thCent.

20thCent.

21th

Agriculture and BiodiversityAgriculture Agriculture and and BiodiversityBiodiversity

New Agricultural Policy

Development of the number of species

Century

Agriculture and LandscapeAgriculture and LandscapeAgriculture and Landscape

(Photo: Riggemann 1999; koebler\3ages)

90 person hours/ha, 4501) €/ha support payment � 5 €/ph

10 person hours/ha, 300 €/ha supportpayment � 30 €/ph

Large scale agricultural landscapeMinor structured/less structured

Which landscape should we afford ?Which landscape should we affordWhich landscape should we afford ??

Small scale/structured agricultural landscape

0 person hours/ha, 0 €/ha support payment � 0 €/ph

Woodland (succession)

30 person hours/ha, 300 €/ha support payment � 10 €/ph

Low input pasture landscape

Selected impact categories for LCA of different grassland management systems (intensive, extensive, organic) Haas et al. 2001)

Selected impact categories for LCA of different grassland management systems (intensive, extensive, organic) Haas et al. 2001)

Energy use 100

Global warming 100

Acicification 100

Groundwater 100

Surface water 100

Biodiversity 100

Landscape image 100

Animal husbandary 100

Intensive

Selected impact categories for LCA of different grassland management systems (intensive, extensive, organic) Haas et al. 2001)

Selected impact categories for LCA of different grassland management systems (intensive, extensive, organic) Haas et al. 2001)

Energy use 100

Global warming 100

Acicification 100

Groundwater 100

Surface water 100

Biodiversity 100

Landscape image 100

Animal husbandary 100

ExtensiveIntensive

Selected impact categories for LCA of different grassland management systems (intensive, extensive, organic) Haas et al. 2001)

Selected impact categories for LCA of different grassland management systems (intensive, extensive, organic) Haas et al. 2001)

Energy use 100

Global warming 100

Acicification 100

Groundwater 100

Surface water 100

Biodiversity 100

Landscape image 100

Animal husbandary 100

OrganicExtensiveIntensive

... ... besides a lot of other besides a lot of other uses ofuses of

nature and landscapenature and landscape

equal spatial rights !equal spatial rights !

Nature conservation and landscape conservation are becoming serious income sources for farmers –results of a survey (502 representative farms):

already activein %

163holidays on the farm, offering leisure time activities

4915landscape conservation, agri-environmental programs

29

1519

5

„new“ agricultural activities interestedin %

46production under quality labels

21direct marketing to consumers and local groceries

21on-farm marketing23certified organic farming

source: Knickel, Agrar-Europe 13.8.2001

Use the chances of common interestsUse the chances of common interests

Nature Conservation as Agreement of Society

Nature Conservation as Agreement of Society

Nature Conservation as Agreement of Society

Nature Conservation as Agreement of Society

� Strengthen acceptance for nature conservation by society

� Increase sensitivity for ecological relations

� Adopt a New Policy for Agricultureand Forestry

� Declare sustainability the main principle of policy

� Develop holistic concepts

� Improve life quality

What has to be changed?What has to be changed?

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