the propaganda movement and the katipunan

Chapter 14

The Propaganda Movement and the

Katipunan

How did it start?

• 19th century – Filipinos campaigned for reforms in the colony

led by Filipino thinkers and writers like Dr. Jose Rizal.

– The propaganda movement in Spain and Philippines failed. Katipunan was started by Bonifacio and other patriots to make the Philippines free through a revolution.

CAUSES OF NATIONALISM

Nationalism

• devotion to one’s country, or fighting for its independence.

CAUSES

1. New ideas from abroad about the freedom and the rights of men.

2. Opening of the Suez Canal

3. Race prejudice against Filipino priests.

4. The Spanish Revolution of 1868

5. Martyrdom of Gom – Bur – Za

THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

(1872 – 1892)

• This crusade for reforms was done by means of pen and tongue to pressure the Spanish Government.

• The propagandists from the best, brightest, and richest families in the Philippines published articles for their crusade for reforms in La Solidaridad.

La Solidaridad

• was founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena, its first editor.

• first issue appeared in Barcelona, Spain (February 15, 1889). Moved to Madrid in November, 1889. The next editor became Marcelo H. del Pilar. It ended for lack of funds on November 15, 1895.

RIZAL AND THE LA LIGA FILIPINA

La Liga Filipina (Philippine League) • a political association of patriotic Filipinos

founded by Rizal to crusade for reforms.• Dr. Rizal wrote two novels, Noli Me

Tangere and El Filibusterismo.

BONIFACIO AND THE KATIPUNAN

• After Rizal’s death, Andres Bonifacio founded a secret revolutionary society (KKK) on July 7, 1892 for Filipinos to fight for freedom.

Kataas – taasan Kagalang – galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Highest and Most Respectable Society of the Sons of the People)

AIMS:1. To unite the Filipinos into one solid

nation2. To fight for Philippine independence

from Spain.

KATIPUNAN GOVERNMENT

• Bonifacio and others wanted the Katipunan to replace the Spanish Government in the Philippines.

• Two constitutions: 1892 and 1894.• Supreme Council ( Kataastaasang

Sanggunian) was the the central government, with a president, a fiscal, a secretary, a treasurer, and a comptroller.

• Deodato Arellano was the first president of the Katipunan.

• Andres Bonifacio replaced him in 1895 which changed the title president changed to Supremo.

MEMBERS OF THE KATIPUNAN• 1896 - 20, 000 members.• Famous Katipuneros include Bonifacio,

Arellano, Emilio Jacinto (Brains of the Katipunan), Dr.Pio Valenzuela, Valentin Diaz,etc.

• Women joined the Katipunan and served as guards of the documents of the society.

SECRET INITIATION OF THE KATIPUNAN

• Candidate for membership was first blindfolded and entered a secret room. He had to pass tests and a blood compact will be done afterwards.

KATIPUNAN LITERATURE

• Three writers of the Katipunan were:1. Andres Bonifacio – wrote Decalogue of the

Katipunan (a collection of wise sayings for Katipuneros and Pag – ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa ( Love for Country).

2. Emilio Jacinto – wrote the Kartilla (collection of teachings of Katipunan) and A La Patria.3. Dr. Pio Valenzuela – helped Bonifacio and jacinto to edit the Katipunan newspaper (Kalayaan) and wrote an essay Catwiran (Is it Fair?)

DISCOVERY OF THE KATIPUNAN

• Teodoro Patino, one of the Katipuneros, revealed the secrets of the Katipunan to Father Gil which led to its discovery because of his fear.

• Many Filipinos were arrested but many Katipuneros also escaped including Bonifacio.

HISTORICAL VALUES

• The Filipinos can only solve their problems if they are united.

• The Filipinos love freedom and hate tyranny.

• Filipinos spoke out against the cruel treatment of our people.

• We must remember and honor these heroes and heroines who fought for our rights during the Spanish era.

• A violent revolution does not end a nation’s problem as foreseen by Dr. Jose Rizal.