the roots of representative government
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The Roots of Representative Government
Chapter 5.2
Robin Hood
Henry II, King of EnglandClick icon to add picture
John a Failure?
3rd CrusadeClick icon to add picture
Richard is called away to fight in the 3rd crusade…John is in charge while he is away and tries to take over…
fails
Richard returns and takes back control…but dies later in a war with
FranceJohn becomes king
Evil King John?
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Raised taxes to finance a war with FranceReforms military
Treats nobles horribly
Forced to sign
the Magna Carta in
1215
1. Guaranteed that the nobleman and freemen could not have their property seized by kings or officials
2. People could not be taxed, unless council of prominent men agreed3. Could not be put on trial without officials
4. Only punished by a jury of those in the same social rank
Limits the rights of the king and will eventually
benefit slaves, indentured servants,
merchants and craftsmen, nobles and
freemenThis is one of the first written documents of for
representative government
Parliament and Colonial Government
Parliament – lawmaking body in
EnglandHouse of Lords House of Commons
• Nonelected nobles, judges, church officials
• Reps voted in by the people
Parliament is too far from colonies to directly govern…
so they set up their own elected assemblies
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For example: The House of Burgesses
But…England establishes royal governor and passes laws that
effect the colonies (though they did not have representatives in England)
A Royal Governor’s Rule
• King James II becomes king in 1685
• Wants to combine Mass. with Northern colonies into the Dominion of New England
• Edmund Andros becomes the royal governor
Colonists are angry…• Representative bodies
are ended• Town meetings are
reduced to once a year
• Some refuse to pay taxes and are jailed
• Increase Mather is sent to England to talk to the king…
A document called the ______________, created in England in 1215, limited
powers of the King.
• 1) Declaration of Independence• 2) The English bill of Rights• 3) Parliamentary Papers• 4) Magna Carta
_____________ was England’s chief lawmaking body.
• 1) Parliament• 2) The Royal Court• 3) Congress• 4) The House of Burgesses
One of the most important English rights was…
• 1) the right to choose a new king or queen• 2) the right to elect representatives to
government• 3) the right against self-incrimination• 4) the right to bear arms
___________ was a Royal Governor appointed by King
James II to take over the New England colonies.
• 1) John Peter Zenger• 2) Edward Anderson• 3) Edmund Andros• 4) John Smith
But England was in the middle of what is known as
the…
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The Main PlayersJames II, King of England
William Cavendish – Head of Parliament
William Orange (King of Netherlands) and Mary (James’ daughter)
The Glorious Revolution
William and Mary are the new King and Queen of England,
but…
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Parliament is really in control
English Bill of Rights (1689)
• Upheld by William and Mary• Agreement to respect rights of English citizens and
Parliament• Could not cancel laws or impose taxes unless
Parliament agreed• Free elections and frequent meetings of Parliament• Excessive fines and cruel punishment band• People had the right to complain about King/Queen
in Parliament without being arrested• THE GOVERNMENT WAS TO BASED ON LAWS MADE
BY PARLIAMENT NOT THE RULER
The colonies claimed these rights and jailed Andros – they asked Parliament to restore their old governments
Salutary Neglect• Parliament restores colonies governments• Parliament still makes law that effect colonies, but
they are rarely enforced• Colonies learn to act on their own
The Zenger Trial – The Main Players
John Peter Zenger – wrote for the New York Weekly Journal William Cosby –
royal governor of New York
Andrew Hamilton - lawyer
Zenger Prints The Articles…
• Andrew Hamilton defends him
• Claims that Zenger has the right to print and speak the truth
• The jury agrees and Zenger is released
• Big step for freedom of the press
The challenge to the leadership of James II in 1688
was called England’s ___________.
• 1) Glorious Revolution• 2) Workers Rebellion• 3) Grand Experiment• 4) Time of Troubles
In 1688 Parliament usurped the power of James II and
replaced him with ___________.
• 1) Queen Elizabeth II• 2) Oliver Cromwell• 3) A democratic government• 4) William and Mary
William and Mary agreed in 1689 to uphold the ________, an agreement that respected the rights of English citizens and
of Parliament• 1) Magna Carta• 2) English Bill of Rights• 3) Constitution• 4) Mayflower Compact
All of the following were provisions of the English Bill
of Rights except:• 1) the king or queen could not cancel laws
or impose taxes, unless Parliament agreed• 2) only Parliament could appoint Royal
Governors to the colonies• 3) Excessive fines and cruel punishment
were forbidden• 4) People had the right to complain to the
king or queen in Parliament without being arrested
After the Glorious Revolution, the Massachusetts colonists regained some __________ but still had __________ appointed
by crown.• 1) self-government, an Assembly• 2) captured lands, a Royal Governor• 3) self-government, a Royal
Governor• 4) captured lands, a Regent
England’s hands-off policy with regard to the colonies
was called _________
• 1) laissez-faire capitalism• 2) salutary neglect• 3) the Glorious Revolution• 4) salutatory negligence
In 1735 ___________ stood trial for printing criticism of New York’s governor and won by claiming that people had the
right to speak the truth.• 1) John Zenger• 2) Edmund Andros• 3) George Whitefield• 4) Jonathan Edwards
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