the total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of a group....
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The total of knowledge, The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors attitudes, and behaviors
shared by and passed on by shared by and passed on by members of a group.members of a group.
CultureCulture
A group that shares a A group that shares a geographic region, a geographic region, a
common language, and a common language, and a sense of identity and sense of identity and
culture.culture.
SocietySociety
A group of people A group of people who share language, who share language,
customs, and a customs, and a common heritage.common heritage.
Ethnic groupEthnic group
Taking existing Taking existing elements of society elements of society
and creating and creating something new to meet something new to meet
a need.a need.
InnovationInnovation
The spread of ideas, The spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns inventions, or patterns of behavior to different of behavior to different
societies. societies.
diffusiondiffusion
The heartland or place of The heartland or place of origin of a major culture; a origin of a major culture; a
site of innovation from which site of innovation from which basic ideas, materials, and basic ideas, materials, and technology diffuse to other technology diffuse to other
cultures.cultures.
Cultural Cultural hearthhearth
The cultural change The cultural change that occurs when that occurs when individuals in a individuals in a
society accept or society accept or adopt an innovation. adopt an innovation.
acculturationacculturation
A version of a language A version of a language that reflects changes in that reflects changes in speech patterns due to speech patterns due to
class, region, or class, region, or cultural changes.cultural changes.
dialectdialect
The belief in a The belief in a supernatural power or supernatural power or
powers that are regarded powers that are regarded as the creators and as the creators and maintainers of the maintainers of the
universe, as well as the universe, as well as the system of beliefs itself.system of beliefs itself.
religionreligion
In what two ways In what two ways do cultures do cultures
change?change?
Innovation and Innovation and diffusiondiffusion
Category of religion in Category of religion in which the followers which the followers believe in one god.believe in one god.
monotheismmonotheism
Category of Category of religion in which religion in which
the followers the followers believe in more believe in more than one god.than one god.
polythesimpolythesim
Two ways in Two ways in which religion which religion
spreads.spreads.Diffusion and Diffusion and conversionconversion
List the five major List the five major religions of the religions of the
world.world.Christianity, Judaism, Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, and Islam, Buddhism, and
HinduismHinduism
Three ways in Three ways in which cultures which cultures
express express themselves themselves creatively.creatively.Performing arts, Performing arts,
visual arts, and visual arts, and literatureliterature
The number of live The number of live births per total births per total
population, often population, often expressed per expressed per
thousand population.thousand population.
birthratebirthrate
The average number of The average number of children a woman of children a woman of
childbearing years would childbearing years would have in her lifetime, if she have in her lifetime, if she had children at the current had children at the current
rate for her country.rate for her country.
Fertility rateFertility rate
The number of The number of deaths per thousand.deaths per thousand.
Mortality rateMortality rate
The number of The number of deaths among deaths among
infants under age infants under age one as measured per one as measured per thousand live births. thousand live births. Infant mortality Infant mortality
raterate
Also called population Also called population growth rate – the rate at growth rate – the rate at
which population is which population is growing, found by growing, found by
subtracting the mortality subtracting the mortality rate from the birthrate.rate from the birthrate.
Rate of natural Rate of natural increaseincrease
A graphic device that A graphic device that shows gender and shows gender and
age distribution of a age distribution of a population.population.
Population Population pyramidpyramid
A factor that causes A factor that causes people to leave their people to leave their
homelands and homelands and migrate to another migrate to another
region.region.
Push factorPush factor
A factor that draws A factor that draws or attracts people to or attracts people to
another location.another location.
Pull factorPull factor
The average number of The average number of people who live in a people who live in a
measurable area, reached measurable area, reached by dividing the number of by dividing the number of inhabitants in an area by inhabitants in an area by the amount of land they the amount of land they
occupy.occupy.Population Population densitydensity
The number of The number of organisms a piece of organisms a piece of
land can support land can support without negative without negative
effects.effects.
Carrying capacityCarrying capacity
Approximately what Approximately what percentage of the percentage of the world’s population world’s population
lives in the Northern lives in the Northern Hemisphere?Hemisphere?
90%90%
Which continent Which continent has the greatest has the greatest
population population density?density?
AsiaAsia
A political term describing A political term describing and independent unit that and independent unit that
occupies a specific occupies a specific territory and has full territory and has full
control of its internal and control of its internal and external affairs.external affairs.
StateState
A group of people with a A group of people with a common culture living in a common culture living in a
territory and having a territory and having a strong sense of unity.strong sense of unity.
NationNation
The name of a territory The name of a territory when a nation and a state when a nation and a state occupy the same territory. occupy the same territory.
Nation-stateNation-state
Type of government in Type of government in which citizens hold which citizens hold
political party either political party either directly or through directly or through
elected representatives.elected representatives.
DemocracyDemocracy
A type of government in A type of government in which a ruling family which a ruling family
headed by a king or queen headed by a king or queen holds political power and holds political power and may or may not share the may or may not share the power with citizen bodies.power with citizen bodies.
MonarchyMonarchy
A type of government A type of government in which an individual in which an individual
or a group holds or a group holds complete political complete political
power.power.
DictatorshipDictatorship
A system of which the A system of which the government holds government holds nearly all political nearly all political
power and the means power and the means of production.of production.
CommunismCommunism
Describes an area Describes an area (country, state, or (country, state, or territory) that has territory) that has
no outlet to the no outlet to the sea.sea.
landlockedlandlocked
Name for a boundary Name for a boundary that is based on that is based on
physical features of physical features of the land.the land.
Natural boundaryNatural boundary
Type of boundary Type of boundary that generally that generally follows lines of follows lines of
latitude and latitude and longitude.longitude.
Artificial boundaryArtificial boundary
List four different List four different types of political types of political
units.units.
City, county, state City, county, state and countryand country
The study of how The study of how people use space in people use space in
cities.cities.
Urban Urban geographygeography
An area that is the An area that is the center of business center of business
and culture and has and culture and has a large population.a large population.
CityCity
A political unit or A political unit or community touching community touching the borders of the the borders of the
central city or touching central city or touching other suburbs that other suburbs that
touch the city.touch the city.
SuburbSuburb
A functional area A functional area including a city and its including a city and its surrounding suburbs surrounding suburbs and exurbs, linked and exurbs, linked
economically.economically.
Metropolitan Metropolitan areaarea
The dramatic rise in The dramatic rise in the number of cities the number of cities and the changes in and the changes in lifestyle that result.lifestyle that result.
UrbanizationUrbanization
The core of a city, The core of a city, which is almost which is almost always based on always based on
commercial activity.commercial activity.
Central Business Central Business District (CBD)District (CBD)
What are the three What are the three basic land use basic land use
patterns found in all patterns found in all cities?cities?
Residential, Residential, industrial, commercialindustrial, commercial
As you move farther As you move farther away from the CBD, away from the CBD,
which land use which land use patterns usually begins patterns usually begins
to dominate?to dominate?
ResidentialResidential
What generally What generally happens to the value happens to the value
land as you move land as you move farther from the CBD in farther from the CBD in
a city?a city?
It decreasesIt decreases
The production and The production and exchange of goods and exchange of goods and
services among a services among a group of people.group of people.
EconomyEconomy
The way people The way people produce and exchange produce and exchange
goods.goods.
Economic systemEconomic system
A type of economic system in A type of economic system in which production of goods and which production of goods and
services is determined by a services is determined by a central government, which central government, which usually owns the means of usually owns the means of production. Also called a production. Also called a
planned economy.planned economy.Command economyCommand economy
A type of economic system A type of economic system in which production of in which production of goods and services is goods and services is
determined by the demand determined by the demand from consumers. Also from consumers. Also
called a demand economy called a demand economy or capitalism.or capitalism.
Market economyMarket economy
A material on or in A material on or in the earth, such as a the earth, such as a tree, fish, or coal, tree, fish, or coal,
which has economic which has economic value.value.
Natural resourcesNatural resources
The basic support systems The basic support systems needed to keep an economy needed to keep an economy
going, including power, going, including power, communications, communications,
transportation, water, transportation, water, sanitation, and education sanitation, and education
systems.systems.
InfrastructureInfrastructure
The average amount of The average amount of money earned by each money earned by each
person in a political person in a political unit.unit.
Per capita incomePer capita income
The total value of all The total value of all goods and services goods and services
produced BY a country produced BY a country in a period of time.in a period of time.
Gross National Gross National Product (GNP)Product (GNP)
The value of only The value of only goods and services goods and services produced WITHIN a produced WITHIN a country in a period country in a period
of time.of time.Gross Domestic Gross Domestic Product (GDP)Product (GDP)
What are four basic What are four basic types of economic types of economic
systems?systems?Traditional, Traditional,
command, market, command, market, and mixedand mixed
Economic activity Economic activity that involves the that involves the gathering of raw gathering of raw
materials.materials.
Primary activityPrimary activity
Economic activity Economic activity that adds value to that adds value to raw materials by raw materials by
changing their form.changing their form.
Secondary activitySecondary activity
__________ activities - __________ activities - providing personal providing personal and professional and professional
services.services.
TertiaryTertiary
__________ activities – __________ activities – providing providing
information, information, management, and management, and research services.research services.
QuaternaryQuaternary
Resources that can Resources that can replaced by natural replaced by natural processes, such as processes, such as
trees and fish.trees and fish.
Renewable resources.Renewable resources.
Resources that cannot Resources that cannot be replaced once be replaced once removed from the removed from the
ground, such as gold ground, such as gold and silver.and silver.
Non-renewable Non-renewable resources.resources.
Resources that cannot Resources that cannot be replaced once be replaced once removed from the removed from the
ground, such as gold ground, such as gold and silver.and silver.
Non-renewable Non-renewable resources.resources.
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