the united states becomes an industrial giant the growth of industry
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Industrial Revolution
• The First Industrial Revolution reached the United States in the early 1800s.
• Industry is the name given to business involved in manufacturing; transportation; and communications.
• Second Industrial Revolution was characterized by an increase in technology. Ex: Hand tools are replaced by factory machines, and farming is replaced by large-scale manufacturing.
Factors Encouraging Industrial Growth in the Late 19th Century
1. Natural Resources
An abundance of raw materials
materials was one reason for
the nation’s industrial success.
• Timber
• Coal
• Iron
• Copper
These resources were located in the American West
• The United States had enough iron ore and coal to provide raw materials for manufactoring.
• New Resource: Petroleum turned into Kerosene
• Discovery of oil.
Factors Encouraging Industrial Growth in the Late 19th Century
2. Population Growth
• It stemmed from two sources: large families and a flood of immigrants.
• Growth provided industry with an abundant workforce and created greater demand for consumer goods.
3. Technology
• Technologies and inventions eased transportation and communication. They encouraged new industries which in turn produced more wealth and jobs.
New Technologies help nation grow
• With new farm equipment, Midwestern farmers grew food to feed Northeastern factory workers.
• Midwestern farmers became a market for Northeastern manufactured goods.
• The growth of the textile factories increased the demand for Southern cotton.
Factors Encouraging Industrial Growth in the Late 19th Century
• 4. Government Policy.
• Laissez-faire a policy that government
should interfere as little as possible in the
nation’s economy.
• A economic system with little or no
government regulation is known as a free
enterprise system.
Developments of Major New Industries
Andrew Carnegie John D. Rockefeller$ Standard Oil Co.$ Eventually owned all oil
companies in US.$ He bought out
competitors or drove them out of business.
$ He hated competition (he saw it wasteful)
$ Scottish businessman$ One of the first industrial
moguls to make his own fortune.
$ Owned the Carnegie Steel Company
$ Passion for supporting charities
80% of fortune went to education.
At time of death, he had given away – 350 million.
Developments of Major New Industries
Developments of Major New Industries
Cornelius Vanderbilt
• Became famous for consolidating a number of short railroad lines between NYC & Buffalo to the country’s first great railroad system; the NY Central Station
J. Pierpont Morgan
• Owner of the largest private banking & securities house of America. He reorganized many bankrupt railroads.
• In 1901; Morgan & his associates purchased the Carnegie Steel Co & merged it with other steel producers to form enormous monopoly known as US Steel Corp (nation’s first billion-dollar Co.)
Inventions
Thomas Alva Edison
-Established the world’s first
research laboratory.
-Invented the light bulb
-Invented electrical system
1.Electrical power ran numerous machines, from fans to printing presses.
2. Became available to homes
3. Industry grew like never before
George Westinghouse
-The first air brake, making
braking a safer venture and thus
permitting train to travel at higher
Speed.
Inventions
Christopher Sholes
-Invented the typewriter
(Changed the world of work)
Alexander Graham Bell
-Invented the telephone
(open the way for worldwide communication network)
Inventions
Thaddeus Lowe
• -Invented the ice machine; the basis of the refrigerator.
Gustavus Swift
• -Shipped the first refrigerator load of meat
Inside of Swift's Refrigerated Railroad Car
Inventions
• Railroads were built faster and faster. Short lines began to join together to make huge railroad systems.
• All the new inventions and technologies made work more efficient and cheaper.
Inventors: Notable African-American & Women
Elijah McCoy
• An African-American who developed an automatic lubricator for steam engines.
• Others tried to copy but it didn’t work.
• Customers would ask for (the real McCoy) that’s where the famous expression comes from.
Madam C.J. Walker
• An African-American woman who invented a hair growing lotion for black women to use to relax hair.
• She became the first female African-American millionaire
Inventors: Notable African-American & Women
Sarah Goods- invented cabinet bedFirst African-American woman to receive a patent.
Patent-a document that certifies that invention & has been registered with the government to protect rights of the invention
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