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TheThe
PeriodicPeriodic
TableTable
1
H1.008
3
Li6.941
11
Na22.99
19
K39.10
37
Rb85.47
55
Cs132.9
87
Fr(223)
ALKALIMETALS
Group IA Characteristics:• The most chemically reactive metals, with the exception of Hydrogen, losing their one valence electron to non-metals• Going down the group, the atomic radius and density of the elements increase
4
Be9012
12
Mg24.31
20
Ca40.08
38
Sr87.62
56
Ba137.3
88
Ra226
AlkalineEarth Metals
Group IIA Characteristics:
• These elements are also very reactive, losing their two valence electrons to non-metals
1
H
1.007
9
F
18.9984
17
Cl
35.453
35
Br
79.909
53
I
126.904
85
At
(210)
Group 7A Characteristics:
• These elements all form diatomic molecules.
• With the exception of At, they all react with metals to form salts containing ions with a 1- charge.
2
He
4.0026
10
Ne
20.179
18
Ar
39.498
36
Kr
83.80
54
Xe
131.30
86
Rn
(222)
Group 8A Characteristics:
•These elements exist under normal conditions as
single-atom gases
•Have little chemical reactivity
32
Ge
72.59
50
Sn
118.69
82
Pb
207.19
83
Bi
208.98
13
Al
26.9815
31
Ga
69.72
49
In
114.82
81
Tl
204.37
84
Po
(210)
51
Sb
121.75
MetalsMetals
Characteristics:• These have physical properties such as conduction of heat & electricity, malleability, ductility, and a lustrous appearance•They tend to loose elections to form positive ions.
7
N
14.0067
15
P
30.9738
33
As
74.9216
6
C
12.011
14
Si
28.086
5
B
10.811
Nonmetals8
O
15.999
16
S
32.064
34
Se
78.96
52
Te
127.6
Characteristics:• These are found in the upper right-hand corner of the table.• Lack the physical properties to deem them metals.•They tend to gain electrons in reactions with metals.
39
Y88.91
57
La138.9
89
Ac(227)
21
Sc44.96
73
Ta180.9105
Unp
41
Nb92.91
23
V50.94
72
Hf178.9104
Unq
40
Zr91.22
22
Ti47.88
42
Mo95.94
74
W183.9
24
Cr52.00
106
Unh
48
Cd112.4
30
Zn65.38
80
Hg200.6
47
Ag107.9
29
Cu63.55
79
Au197.0111
Uuu
46
Pd106.4
28
Ni58.69
78
Pt195.1110
Uun
45
Rh102.9
27
Co58.93
77
Ir192.2109
Une
44
Ru101.1
26
Fe55.85
76
Os190.2108
Uno
43
Tc(98)
25
Mn54.94
75
Re186.2107
Uns
Characteristics: They show great similarities within a given period and group
The last electrons are added to the d orbital
64
Gd
157.25
65
Tb
158.92
66
Dy
162.5
67
Ho
164.93
68
Er
167.26
69
Tm
168.93
58
Ce
140.12
59
Pr
140.9
60
Nd
144.2
61
Pm
(147)
62
Sm
150.35
63
Eu
151.96
70
Yb
173.04
71
Lu
174.97
Characteristics:• Electrons fill the 4f orbital
• These elements decrease in size, going from left to right
96
Cm
(247)
97
Bk
(247)
98
Cf
(252)
99
Es
(254)
100
Fm
(257)
101
Md
(257)
90
Th
232.03
91
Pa
(231)
92
U
238.0
93
Np
(237)
94
Pu
(234)
95
Am
(243)
102
No
(255)
103
Lr
(256)
Characteristics:• Members of the transitions
metals• Electrons fill the 5f orbital
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