tocqueville & beaumont 1831-1832 american tour of the great republic democracy in america –...
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Tocqueville & Beaumont
• 1831-1832 American tour of the Great Republic• Democracy in America – Tocqueville
Emphasis on equalityLabor conditions, poverty, wealth gap
• European visitors to AmericaFanny Trollope – Domestic Manners of AmericansCharles Dickens – “Republic…full of sores and ulcers”
A Restless People
• Tocqueville – “In America, men never stay still, something is almost always provisional about their lives”
• Trollope – “Their incessant bustling” similar to their eating too fast and spitting too often. It stemmed from their “universal pursuit of money”
A Restless People
• Population increases – doubling every 22 years
• New states added continuously
• Migration to new lands but also cities
• Growth of new cities
• South – only 4 major cities – all on the periphery
The Family Recast
• Assignment - Construct a chart that Shows the characteristics of the Middle-Class
familyShows changes from earlier American society
to that of the mid-1800’sPages 276-277
Family Unit Early America Mid-1800’s
Family
Family was major unit of economic production
Cities undermined importance of family as jobs took place outside the home
Husband
Husband held power in the family
Some power had to be given to the wife as husband works outside home
Wife
Children
Second Great Awakening
• Many Calvinist tenets in dispute – infant damnation and predestination
• Charles Grandison FinneySalvation versus fire & brimstoneEntertainment
• Growth in church membership• Changes in economic situation and
families helped Awakening• Women took major role in movement
Era of Associations
• Three pillars of the American Middle-ClassThe recast familyA resurgent churchAssociations
• AssociationsNo colonial precedents or European equivalentLed by professional class – membership common
classEstablished for local or national causes
Backwoods Utopias
• Some established experimental communities• Communitarians - to achieve social
reorganization first by demonstrating it on a small scale
• The ShakersFounded by Ann Lee 1774Celibacy – sexes segregatedThe Family House Industrious - furniture
Backwoods Utopias
• Amana Community Inspirationist movement
• Oneida Community “Community” marriages
• MormonsFounded by Joseph SmithNauvoo
• Polygamy• Nauvoo Legion• Murder of Smith
Brigham Young - Great Salt Lake
Age of Reform
• Thomas Gallaudet – School for the deaf• Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe – School for the blind• Rise of the institution versus family care• Science and separation from society• Dorothea Dix
Demon Rum
• 1820’s – peak of American alcohol consumption• Availability of cheap corn whiskey• Drunkenness crossed class and age lines• American Temperance Union established 1826
– “sign the pledge”• Opposition increased as demands for restraint
became calls for prohibition• States imposed strict licensing requirements and
heavy taxes• Towns and counties could become “dry”
Abolition & Women’s Rights
• Assignment: Compare and ContrastWorking individually, or with a partner, create
a Venn Diagram that compares and contrasts the Abolition Movement with the Women’s Rights Movement
Pages 285-291
AbolitionMovement
Women’s Movement
Similarities
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