umts_traffic_modeling_presentation.ppt
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Service & Network Planning for UMTS
Chung Hwa Telecom - Taiwan
Craig A. CooperNetwork & Systems Solutions,Asia Pacific
Tel: +65-380 8670
ESN: 623 8670
Fax: +65-380 8859
Email: ccooper@nortelnetworks.com
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Planning Process Taiwan Market
Customer Definitions
Marketing Services Engineering Services
UMTS Classes
Traffic Behaviour Multi-Service Traffic Model
Network Design Options
Agenda...
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Planning Process...
SignallingSignalling BearersBearers
Network architectureNetwork architecture
UTRANUTRAN
Traffic engineeringTraffic engineering
Core NetworkCore Network
TransmissionTransmission
ServiceService
DefinitionDefinitionMarketMarket
AnalysisAnalysis
Call serversCall servers
Network Requirements Market analysis Service definitions Service usageTraffic
Profiles Models Flows Community of interest
Network Architecture High level overall network design Network evolution Network economics
UTRAN
iBTS RNC
Core Wireless gateway PSTN gateway GGSN
Transmission Architecture dependent
Flexibility Redundancy
Signalling & Call Servers Signalling Call servers Call Attempts / QoS Interworking
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25 50
0
Kilometers
7
20
10
12
22
25
14
3
45
6
8
9
11
13
15
16
17
18
19
21
23
24
Index City Name First Level Second Level Count
1 Kaohsiung Municipality Chu 11
2 Taipei Municipality Chu 12
Municipality Total 231 Chiayi City Districts 2
2 Hsinchu City Districts 3
3 Keelung City Districts 7
4 Taichung City Districts 8
5 Tainan City Districts 7
City Total 27
1 Changhwa Hsien Townships 26
2 Chiayi Hsien Townships 18
3 Hsinchu Hsien Townships 13
4 Hualien Hsien Townships 135 Ilan Hsien Townships 12
6 Kaohsiung Hsien Townships 27
7 Miaoli Hsien Townships 18
8 Nantou Hsien Townships 13
9 Penghu Hsien Townships 6
10 Pintung Hsien Townships 33
11 Taichung Hsien Townships 21
12 Tainan Hsien Townships 31
13 Taipei Hsien Townships 29
14 Taitung Hsien Townships 1615 Taoyuan Hsien Townships 13
16 Yunlin Hsien Townships 20
1 Kinman Hsien Townships 6
2 Lienkian Hsien Townships 4
Hsien Total 319
Grand Total 369
Hsiens are usually large in surface area and
for this reason they contain the highest
number of townships.
Taiwan Divisions...
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Taipei Townships, BuildingClutter Data & Roads
Kilometers
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Public and private dwellings in Taipei
Municipality cover about 20% of the total
surface area. Clutter data is available for
all other areas of Taiwan also. Micro-
studies can be done at the street level (seeinset above).
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Population DensityPopulation Density 1996
by Township
30,000 to 41,000 (3)
20,000 to 30,000 (11)
15,000 to 20,000 (9)
10,000 to 15,000 (7)5,000 to 10,000 (14)
0 to 5,0 00 (325)
NoMunicipality, City or
Hsien Name
Area
(km^2)
Total
Population
Male
Population
Female
Population Density
1 Taipei Municipality 272 2,598,493 1,295,637 1,302,856 9,560
2 Kaohsiung Municipality 154 1,436,142 730,164 705,978 9,350
3 Taichung City 163 901,961 448,268 453,693 5,5194 Chiayi City 60 262,822 132,520 130,302 4,379
5 Tainan City 176 717,811 363,149 354,662 4,087
6 Hsinchu City 104 351,800 180,465 171,335 3,380
7 Keelung City 133 379,370 195,483 183,887 2,858
8 Taipei Hsien 2,053 3,420,535 1,733,428 1,687,107 1,666
9 Taoyuan Hsien 1,221 1,614,471 834,135 780,336 1,322
10 Changhwa Hsien 1,074 1,297,744 673,396 624,348 1,208
11 Penghu Hsien 127 91,169 47,783 43,386 719
12 Taichung Hsien 2,051 1,447,761 744,377 703,384 706
13 Yunlin Hsien 1,291 751,913 397,292 354,621 58314 Tainan Hsien 2,016 1,096,251 568,164 528,087 544
15 Kaohsiung Hsien 2,793 1,227,160 638,557 588,603 439
16 Kinman Hsien 153 51,080 26,499 24,581 334
17 Pintung Hsien 2,776 913,764 478,226 435,538 329
18 Miaoli Hsien 1,820 560,344 294,720 265,624 308
19 Chiayi Hsien 1,902 567,695 299,791 267,904 299
20 Hsinchu Hsien 1,428 421,721 221,796 199,925 295
21 Lienkian Hsien 29 8,419 4,752 3,667 292
22 Ilan Hsien 2,144 466,603 241,958 224,645 218
23 Nantou Hsien 4,106 546,707 286,080 260,627 13324 Hualien Hsien 4,629 358,077 190,728 167,349 77
25 Taitung Hsien 3,515 253,002 136,396 116,606 72
Grand Total 36,188 21,742,815 11,163,764 10,579,051 1,947
The population figures in the above table have been sorted
by density. The Taipei and Kaohsiung municipalities have
greater than 9000 persons per sq km. Hualien and Taitung
hsiens are the least dense with less than 100 persons per
sq km. About 28% of the total population live in the Taipeiarea.
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Population Distribution
Population Density
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
10 50 100
200
300
400
500
1,00
0
2,00
0
3,00
0
4,00
0
5,00
0
6,00
0
7,00
0
8,00
0
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
Pop per sq Km
Frequencyofsq
km
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Cummulative%of
Surface
Area
A third of the surface area has a
population density less than 100/km2
Just over half of the surface area has a
population density less than 200/km2
90%of the surface area has a
population density less than 2,000/km2
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People Employed in Primary Industry Sector
The primary industry sector includes such activities as
agriculture, fishing and mining. Traditional farming techniques
are still being used by many Taiwanese. The subtropical
climatic conditions make Taiwan an ideal location to grow
many different types of fruits.
Lishan Wuling Farm Moon World Meaning
Apples Fruit Orchards Bananas Fruit Orchards
Pears Jujube Tobacco Fields
Peaches Bamboo Sugar Cane
Betel Palms
Most persons employed in the primary sector live in the
central western coast. Primary sector employees represent
only 20% of the total labour force.
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Employed Persons in Primary Sector 1993
by Township
18,800 to 23,700 (4)
14,100 to 18,800 (14)
9,400 to 14,100 (45)
4,700 to 9,400 (121)
0 to 4,700 (185)
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People Employed in Secondary IndustrySector
The secondary sector, also known as the
manufacturing sector can be described as the
enterprises that are involved in turning raw materials(i.e. natural resources) into finished goods.
The Taiwanese government have set up Export
Processing Zones (EPZ) to attract overseas investors
to engage in manufacturing and trading. Usually EPZs
carry dual functions: free-trade zones as well as
industrial parks. According to the government,
Taiwans well-planned EPZs play a promotional and
pioneering role in the process of economic
development.
The following are a list of some of the EPZs in Taiwan
and their industrial specialisations:
Taipei Hsinchu Taichung Kaohsiungceramics microchips food-stuffs shipbuilding
chemicals computers footwear steel
electronics electronics furniture hardware
machinery biochemical hardware machinery
plastic goods robotics printing shrimp culture
textile telecom textile
The two major science parks are located in Hsinchu
and Tainan and have attracted global attention.
Employed Persons in Secondary Sector 1993
by Township
85,000 to 1 03,000 (3)
68,000 to 85,000 (2)
51,000 to 68,000 (1)
34,000 to 51,000 (18)
17,000 to 34,000 (43)
0 to 17,000 (302)
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People Employed in Tertiary Industry SectorEmployed Persons in Tertiary Sector 1993
135,000 to 1 61,000 (2)
108,000 to 1 35,000 (2)
81,000 to 1 08,000 (8)
54,000 to 81,000 (10)
27,000 to 54,000 (27)
0 to 27,000 (320)
Employed Persons
20%
35%
45%
Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector
The tertiary industry sector is usually known as the
service sector. Like Taiwan, a large proportion ofemployed persons in developed countries work in the
service sector. About 45% of Taiwans labour force
work in retail, property and business, finance and
insurance, cutural and recreational services,
transport,storage and communications, government
and health services. Most of these employees live in
Taipei municipality and hsien and Kaohsiung
municipality and hsien.
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Surface Area Coverage
0
Kilometers
25 50
0-200M
200-500M
0-200M
3000MHW
2000-2500M
1500-2000M1000-1500M
500-1000M
200-500M
0-200M
500-1000M
0-200M2000-2500M1500-2000M200-500M
0-200M
3000MHW
2000-2500M
1500-2000M
1000-1500M200-500M
3000MHW
2000-2500M
1500-2000M
1000-1500M
500-1000M
0-200M
3000MHW
2500-3000M
2000-2500M
1500-2000M
2000-2500M
The national motorway is located on the west coast of
the island. Most major highways and roads intersect
the motorway going from north-west to south-west.
There are few roads crossing east to west because of
the rugged terrain.
From the perspective of the current UMTS network
design proposal an approximate total Taiwan surface
area of 13K square kilometers has been addressed.
This coverage area reflects the total land surface area
below the 1,000 ft elevation level and represents
about 36% of the total land mass.
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0.0
5000.0
10000.0
15000.0
20000.0
25000.0
30000.0
35000.0
40000.0
0.0%
0.3%
0.8%
1.6%
3.0%
4.4%
5.9%
7.4%
9.1%
11.5%
13.3%
15.3%
17.4%
19.2%
21.4%
24.1%
26.0%
28.7%
31.8%
34.2%
38.1%
40.8%
44.4%
49.4%
54.1%
64.0%
90.9%
Cummulative Percentage of Surface Area
CummulativeSu
rfaceArea
0
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
CummulativeP
opulation
Population Addressed
Population
Surface Area
36% of
Surface Area
94.8% of Total
Population (21.5M)
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400Ranked Townships
Cu
mulativeWeight
Business = 860k
Households = 6200k
Surface = 36000 sq km
Yellow Blue Red Grey Total
Post Codes 67 64 71 167 369
Businesses 60% 20% 10% 10% 100%
Households 54% 21% 12% 13% 100%
Surface Area 4% 8% 11% 77% 100%
Market Prioritisation
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Relatively affluent, busy work and social life,heavy consumer of multimedia at home.Tends to be quite active and mobile -probably commutes a long way to work bycar or public transport.
High End
Less affluent or mobile but values the ability to
stay in touch with friends and family. Also arelatively high user of multimedia in the homewhich is a catalyst for limited use of mobilemultimedia services.
Life Consumer
A user who likes the security of a mobilephone. More likely to use such services asvoicemail, email, local zone and prepaid.
Casual User
DescriptionMarket
Segmentations
Market Segments - Residential
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An employee who has no office or desk, and so is mobile 70-100%of the time. Examples include service engineers, transport drivers,and tradesmen. These users also need to maintaincommunications with colleagues, clients and suppliers but will belower users of sophisticated mobile services although access tocorporate databases on the LAN, intranet or Internet will beimportant for some.
Road Warrior
A senior or middle manager who works away from his office/desk for between 20%
and 50% of his time. These users usually have a highly interactive function -liaising with colleagues, clients and suppliers much of the time. They will tend tobe high users of information services, video-conferencing, and services providingaccess to their company intranet or LAN, to access email and corporate databases.
Mobile
A casual user is someone who likes to receive incoming businesscalls from his/her customers and takes advantage of a limitednumber of business-specific services. Likely to be a user of emailand internet web browsing.
Casual User
DescriptionMarket
Segmentations
Market Segments - Business
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Proposed UMTS(Marketing Services)
Proposed UMTS(Engineering Services) Service Description
1 Supplementary Services Voice, Voicemail Call waiting, Call hold, Call forward
2 Bearer Services Voice Making a call
3 Wireless Office Email, FTP Remote access
4 Mobile Internet Web Browsing, FTP Wireless access to multimedia technologies
5 Call Filtering Voice, Voicemail Call barring
6 Pre Paid Voice, Voicemail Prepaid cards
7 Local Zone Voice, Voicemail, Fax Local calls, fax
8 Personal Assistant Personal Productivity Online scheduler, Calander
9 Unified Messaging Messaging Voice, Data, Video, Audio
10 Single Number / Personal Number Voice One number to many locations
11 Family & Friends Voice Cheap calls to specific numbers
12 Inter-Carrier Voice Cheap calls to specific carriers
13 Push Services Multimedia Information services, Security and Web fsite filtering
14 Specific Pull Services Information Services (Share Trader, Share price, Where am I?)
15 Games Multimedia Interactive games
16 Music Download Multimedia Internet sites selling music online
17 Chat Room Applications Web Browsing Online chat rooms
18 Audio Streaming Multimedia Internet radio stations19 Personal Information Manager Personal Productivity Online scheduler
20 Video Conference Multimedia Net meeting
21 Video Streaming Multimedia Video-on-Demand
22 Telemetry Information Services Online navigation systems
23 Target Advertising Web Browsing Online advertising
24 Search Engine Web Browsing Yahoo, Altavista, etc
25 eCommerce Electronic Commerce Shopping online
Marketing Services View
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Proposed UMTS
(Engineering Services) UMTS ClassesVoice Conversational
Facsimile ConversationalEmail Background
Video-Conferencing ConversationalWeb Browsing Interactive
Multimedia StreamingFTP Background
Information Services InteractivePersonal Productivity Interactive
Electronic Commerce Interactive
Engineering Services View
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UMTS Classes: Delay & Packet Loss
versus Services
NotificationFTP, stillimage,
paging
E-commerce,WWW browsing
E-mail
Telnet,interactive
games
Voice
messagingStreaming
audio, videoFax
Conversational
voice and video
Interactive Responsive Timely Non-critical
10%
5%
0%
Zero
loss
100 msec 1 sec 10 sec 100 sec
One-way
delay
Packet Loss
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Busy Hour Voice - Erlang BAMR Voice @ 12.2Kb/s
-
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0.1
1.9
3.7
5.5
7.3
9.1
10.9
12.7
14.5
16.3
18.1
19.9
21.7
23.5
25.3
27.1
28.9
30.7
32.5
34.3
36.1
37.9
39.7
41.5
43.3
45.1
46.9
48.7
50.5
52.3
54.1
55.9
57.7
59.5
Busy Hour Minutes
Kb/s
AMR Voice @ 12.2Kb/s
Voice over 1 Busy-Hour: Poisson Distribution of Call Arrivals
Example: 30 Erlangs of traffic
Erlang-B at 0.5% blocking: 45 simultaneous calls
Using AMR encoding at 12.2 Kb/s: 549 Kb/s of bandwidth
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-
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0.1
1.9
3.7
5.5
7.3
9.1
10.9
12.7
14.5
16.3
18.1
19.9
21.7
23.5
25.3
27.1
28.9
30.7
32.5
34.3
36.1
37.9
39.7
41.5
43.3
45.1
46.9
48.7
50.5
52.3
54.1
55.9
57.7
59.5
Busy Hour Minutes
Kb/s
Generic Data - Gap Fill
AMR Voice @ 12.2Kb/s
Data Gap Filling - Data for Free!
Average simultaneous calls: 30 (30 Erlangs)
(549 Kb/s - (30 x 12.2 Kb/s)) = 183 Kb/s
82 MBytes per hour available
Reasonably delay insensitive traffic can be free
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Data Session Model...
Packets Active On Active Off
Packet
PacketCalls
A DA A AND
Inactive Off
A: Active State
D: Dormant State
N: Null
Sessions Null
SessionArrival of sessions follow a Poisson distribution
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Detailed Traffic Models...Application Telnet WWW FTP eMail
Session Arrival Process
Number of Packet Calls
per Session
Geometric (mean of
114)Geometric (mean of 5) 1 Geometric (mean of 2)
Inter-Arrival Time Between
Packet Calls (Sec)
Geometric (mean of 1
sec)
Reading Time Beween
Packet Calls (sec)
Geometric (mean of 120
sec)
Pareto (mean of 90,
K=30, a = 1.5
Number of Packets per
Packet Call1
Pareto (mean of 25,
K=2.27, a = 1.1
Pareto (mean of 62
K=5.64, a = 1.1
Function of the packet
size and Weibull
distributed packet call
size (mean of 15,
A=1/e^9, B=2.04)
Packet Size (bytes) Geometric (mean of 90) 480 480 480
Inter-Arrival Time Between
Packets (sec)
Geometric (mean of 1
sec)
Geometric (mean of
1/[(bits-per-secpktsize] seconds to match
source date rate of bits-
per-sec)
Geometric (mean of
1/[(bits-per-secpktsize] seconds to match
source date rate of bits-
per-sec)
Geometric (mean of
1/[(bits-per-secpktsize] seconds to match
source date rate of bits-
per-sec)
Poisson with Offered Traffic Dependent Mean Arrival Rate
Packets
Active On Active Off
Packet
PacketCalls
A DA A AND
Inactive Off
A: Active State
D: Dormant State
N: Null
Sessions
NullSession
Arrival of sessions follow a Poisson distribution
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Uniform Distribution of Data
-
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0.1
1.9
3.7
5.5
7.3
9.1
10.9
12.7
14.5
16.3
18.1
19.9
21.7
23.5
25.3
27.1
28.9
30.7
32.5
34.3
36.1
37.9
39.7
41.5
43.3
45.1
46.9
48.7
50.5
52.3
54.1
55.9
57.7
59.5
Busy Hour Minutes
Kb/s
Generic Data @ 183 Kb/s
AMR Voice @ 12.2Kb/s
82 Mbytes of traffic to be transferred evenly over 1 hour:
183 Kb/s of additional bandwidth added
Packets
Active On Active Off
Packet
PacketCalls
A DA A AND
Inactive Off
A: Active State
D: Dormant State
N: Null
Sessions
NullSession
Arrival of sessions follow a Poisson distribution
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-
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0.1
1.9
3.7
5.5
7.3
9.1
10.9
12.7
14.5
16.3
18.1
19.9
21.7
23.5
25.3
27.1
28.9
30.7
32.5
34.3
36.1
37.9
39.7
41.5
43.3
45.1
46.9
48.7
50.5
52.3
54.1
55.9
57.7
59.5
Busy Hour Minutes
Kb/s
New Generic Data - Gap Fill
AMR Voice @ 12.2Kb/s
Uniform Distribution of Data +Data Gap Filling
Average simultaneous calls: 30 (30 Erlangs)
(549 Kb/s + 183 Kb/s) - (30 x 12.2 Kb/s) = 366 Kb/s
164 MBytes per hour available
This approach has provided a 200% data capacity
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-
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0.1
1.9
3.7
5.5
7.3
9.1
10.9
12.7
14.5
16.3
18.1
19.9
21.7
23.5
25.3
27.1
28.9
30.7
32.5
34.3
36.1
37.9
39.7
41.5
43.3
45.1
46.9
48.7
50.5
52.3
54.1
55.9
57.7
59.5
Busy Hour Minutes
Kb/s
Data Peakedness Factor @ 1.4
Generic Data @ 183 Kb/s
AMR Voice @ 12.2Kb/s
Peakedness Factors
The same 82 Mbytes of traffic to be transferred evenly over 1 hour
+ an additional factor for peakedness:
Is this necessary???
Data carrying capability is now 240% of throughput requirements
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Differentiated TrafficServices...
TRAFFIC = REVENUE
AirInterfaceMbit/s
System Capacity
= Investments
Service Requirements
Best Effort + Push
Low Revenue
High Revenue = Guaranteed Throughput
TIME
Traffic Management :Reduces Investment, Improve QoS, Increase Revenues
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Voice
Facsimile Email Video-Conferencing Web Browsing
Multimedia FTP Information Services Personal Productivity Electronic Commerce
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Voice Model...
Actual Number of Users 4,000
Charateristic End-User Behaviour
Service Bandwidth Requirement (kbps) 8.0
Total network Erlangs 80.0
Up Stream
Peak-Time Network Bandwidth (Kbps) 640.0 Kbps
Down Stream
Peak-Time Network Bandwidth (Kbps) 640.0 Kbps
Assumptions
Customer Characteristics:
Traffic per Line (milli.Erlangs) 20.0
Application Characteristics:
Average Kbps per Call: 8.0
Total Traffic (80 Erlangs) = Traffic-per-
Line (20m.E) x Subscribers (4,000)
Service Bandwidth (640 Kbps) = Traffic
(80 Erlangs) x Per Session Bandwidth (8
Kbps)
Erlang B is applied to this calculation within the UMTS dimensioning tool
- UTRAN Aggregation versus Core Aggregation
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Actual Number of Users 2,400
Charateristic End-User Behaviour
Service Bandwidth Requirement (kbps) 12.2
Total network Erlangs 12.0
Up Stream
Peak-Time Network Bandwidth (Kbps) 146.4 Kbps
Down Stream
Peak-Time Network Bandwidth (Kbps) 146.4 Kbps
Assumptions
Customer Characteristics:
Traffic per Line (milli.Erlangs) 5.0
Application Characteristics:
Average Kbps per Fax: 12.2
Facsimile Model...
Total Traffic (12 Erlangs) = Traffic-per-
Line (5m.E) x Subscribers (2,400)
Service Bandwidth (146.4 Kbps) = Traffic
(12 Erlangs) x Per Session Bandwidth(12.2 Kbps)
Erlang B is applied to this calculation within the UMTS dimensioning tool
- UTRAN Aggregation versus Core Aggregation
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eMail Model...
Actual Number of Users 3,400Peak-Time Throughput per User (KB) 1,088
Peak-Time Users 25% 850UL Total Peak-Time Bandwidth (kbps) 531.9DL Total Peak-Time Bandwidth (kbps) 221.6
Charateristic End-User Behaviour
Average Size of the Message (Kbytes) 256Up Stream
Messages per day per user 12Peak-Time Messages(per user) 25% 3Peak-Time Traffic per User [US] (Kbits) 6,144 Kb
Down StreamMessages per day per user 5Peak-Time Messages(per user) 25% 1Peak-Time Traffic per User [DS] (Kbits) 2,560 Kb
Assumptions
Customer Characteristics:
Peak-Time (in hours): 3.0Peak-Time Users: 25%Peak Traffic: 25%Peakedness Factor 1.1
Application Characteristics:
Total Number of Kbytes per object: 256Messages Received: 5Messages Sent: 12
Msgs Sent (12) x % Sent (25%) in Peak-Time
(3 hr) x Avg email size (256KB)
Msgs Received (5) x % Sent (25%) in Peak-
Time (3 hr) x Avg email size (256KB)
{Total Users (3,400) x Peak-Time-Users (25%)
x Avg Kbits/User (6,144 UL / 2,560 DL) x
Peakedness-Factor} {3,600 sec x Peak-Time (3hr)}
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Video Conference Model...
Actual Number of Users 120
Charateristic End-User Behaviour
Service Bandwidth Requirement (kbps) 128.0
Total network Erlangs 12.0
Up Stream
Peak-Time Network Bandwidth (Kbps) 1536.0 Kbps
Down Stream
Peak-Time Network Bandwidth (Kbps) 1536.0 Kbps
Assumptions
Customer Characteristics:
Average Session Duration (min) 20.0
Busy-Hour Call Attempts per Sub 0.3
Application Characteristics:
Average Kbps per Session: 128.0
Total Erlangs (12 Erlangs) = Avg Busy-Hour-Call-Attempts (0.3) x Avg Session
Duration (20 min) x Number-of-Users
(120)
Service Bandwidth (1,536 Kbps) = Traffic
(12 Erlangs) x Per Session Bandwidth
(128 Kbps)
Erlang B is applied to this calculation within the UMTS dimensioning tool
- UTRAN Aggregation versus Core Aggregation
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Web Browsing Model...
Actual Number of Users 3,600
UL Peak-Time Bandwidth per User (Kbps) 0.04DL Peak-Time Bandwidth per User (Kbps) 0.44
Peak-Time Users 30% 1080
UL Total Peak-Time Bandwidth (kbps) 48.0
DL Total Peak-Time Bandwidth (kbps) 480.0
Charateristic End-User Behaviour
Average Size of a Web page (Kbytes) 80
Average Length of browsing (Min/Session) 35
Requests per Surfing Session 38Session Bandwidth per User (Kbps) 128.0
Transaction Rate 0.0035
Peak-Time(seconds) 10800
Peak-Time Bandwidth per User (kbps) 0.44 Kbps
Assumptions
Customer Characteristics:
Peak-Time (in hours): 3.0
Peak-Time Users: 30%
Rate of request (in seconds) 56
Application Characteristics:
Web page size (Kbytes): 80
Protocol overhead factor: 1.2
Downstream-to-Upstream traffic ratio 10 :1
Expected Response Time (sec): 6
Session BW per User (128 Kbps) = Avg
Web Page Size (80 KB) Response Time(6 sec)
Requests per Session (38) = Avg Session
Time (35 min) * Rate of Requests (56 sec)
1 request every 56 seconds. Source:
NielsonNet Ratings
Transaction Rate (0.0035) = Requests per
Session (38) Peak Time (3hr x 3,600sec/hr)
Peak Time BW per User (0.44 Kbps) =
Session BW per User (128 Kbps) x
Transaction Rate (0.0035)
1
3
2
4
Service Bandwidth (X Kbps) = Total
Users (3,600) x Peak Time Users (30%) x
Per User BW (0.44 Kbps)
Downstream traffic is calculated and Upstream is
defined as a ratio of Downstream (I.e. 10:1)
5
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Target AudienceStereo
Music Voice Only
Voice &
Music
Video Stream
*
28.8 Kbps modem 20.0 Kbps 5.0 Kbps 6.5 Kbps 13.8 Kbps
56 Kbps modem 32.0 Kbps 8.5 Kbps 28.2 Kbps
64 Kbps single ISDN 44.0 Kbps
112 Kbps dual ISDN 64.0 Kbps 8.5 Kbps 8.5 Kbps 72.9 Kbps
Corporate LAN 120.5 Kbps
256 Kbps DSL/cable modem 196.0 Kbps384 Kbps DSL/cable modem 322.0 Kbps
512 Kbps DSL/cable modem 422.4 Kbps
* Total video & audio stream requires the addition of an audio rate with the appropriate video rate
"Working with REALPRODUCER 8 Codecs"
RealNetworks Technical Blueprint Series, 19 May 2000
Default Audio-Streaming is 96 Kbps
Default Video-Streaming is 153.5 Kbps (120.5 Kbps video + 33 Kbps voice+music audio)
32.0 Kbps 33.0 Kbps96.0 Kbps
Streaming Parameters...
M lti M di M d lAudio Streaming Model
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Multi-Media Model...g
Actual Number of Users 1,260
Charateristic End-User Behaviour
Service Bandwidth Requirement (kbps) 96.0
Total network Erlangs 36.8
Down Stream
Peak-Time Network Bandwidth (Kbps) 4939.2 Kbps
Video Streaming Model
Actual Number of Users 350
Charateristic End-User Behaviour
Service Bandwidth Requirement (kbps) 153.5
Total network Erlangs 11.7
Down Stream
Peak-Time Network Bandwidth (Kbps) 2507.2 Kbps
Assumptions
Customer Characteristics:
Average Session Duration Audio (min) 3.5
Average Session Duration Video (min) 10.0
Busy-Hour Call Attempts per Sub (Audio) 0.5
Busy-Hour Call Attempts per Sub (Video) 0.2
Percentage of Video Streaming Users 25%
Percentage of Audio Streaming Users 90%
Application Characteristics:
Average Kbps per Audio Stream: 96.0
Average Kbps per Video+Audio Stream: 153.5Peakedness Factor 1.4
Total Network Erlangs (36.8) = PeakPeriod Call Attempts (0.5) x Session
Duration (3.5 min) x Users (1,260)
Service Bandwidth (4,939.2 Kbps) = Total
Erlangs (36.8) x Per Session BW (96Kbps) x Peakedness Factor (1.4)
Mix of services take-up. Combined sum
must lie between 100% and 200%.
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Time Estimates - MP3 AudioDownloads in UMTS
Assumption 1: UMTS Avg. Data Rate 120-160 kbps. Burst Rate of 384 Kbps ispossible
Assumption 2: Content Duration of different audio applications
Assumption 3: After Encoding at 21 kbps 250 kbps to suit UMTS Avg. Data rate& Burst rate
File size of Music Audio 1 MB to 15 MB File size of News Audio 360 kb to 8 MB
At 120 kbps:
3 sec to 67 sec
At 160 kbps:
3 sec to 50 sec
At 120 kbps:
9 sec to 125 sec
At 160 kbps:
7 sec to 94 sec
UMTS
(120-160kbps)
Avg. Time taken
to download
News Videos
(24 minute content)
Avg. Time taken
to download
Music Video
(58 minute content)
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FTP Model...
Actual Number of Users 1,800
Peak-Time Users 40% 720
Charateristic End-User Behaviour
Average Size of the Message (Kbytes) 1,024
Up Stream
Total messages per day 2.0
Total Peak-Time Messages 30% 0.6
Simultaneous sessions required 5.0
Peak-Time Throughput [UL] 172.0 Kbps
Down Stream
Messages per day per user 3.0
Peak-Time Messages(per user) 30% 0.9Simultaneous sessions required 7.6
Peak-Time Throughput [DL] 258.0 Kbps
Assumptions
Customer Characteristics:
Peak-Time (in hours): 1.0
Peak-Time Users: 40%
Peak Traffic: 30%Peakedness Factor 1.4
Expected download time (sec) 30
Application Characteristics:
Total Number of Kbytes per object: 1,024
Files Downloaded: 3
Files Uploaded: 2
User Peak Time Msgs (0.6) = Peak Time
Msgs (30%) x Total Daily Msgs (2)
Peak Time Users (720) = Total Users
(1,800) x Peak Users (40%)
Simultaneous Sessions (5) = User Peak
Msgs per Second (0.6 3,600) x Expected
Download Time (30 sec) x Peak TimeUsers (720) x Peakedness Factor (1.4)
Peak Throughput [UL] (172 Kbps) = Total
KB per Object (256 KB) sec/hr (3,600sec) Expected Download Time (30 sec)
x Simultaneous Sessions (5)
Telemetry Model
I f ti S i
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y
Actual Number of Users 600
Charateristic End-User Behaviour
Service Bandwidth Requirement (kbps) 28.8
Total network Erlangs 1.0
Up Stream
Peak-Time Network Bandwidth (Kbps) 34.6 Kbps
Pull-Services Model
Actual Number of Users 600
Charateristic End-User Behaviour
Service Bandwidth Requirement (kbps) 56.0
Total network Erlangs 15.0
Down StreamPeak-Time Network Bandwidth (Kbps) 1008.0 Kbps
Assumptions
Customer Characteristics:
Average Session Duration Telemetry (min) 0.5
Average Session Duration Pull-Services (min) 3.0
Busy-Hour Call Attempts per Sub (Telemetry) 0.2
Busy-Hour Call Attempts per Sub (Pull-Services) 0.5
Percentage of Pull-Services Users 50%
Percentage of Telemetry Streaming Users 50%
Application Characteristics:
Average Kbps per Telemetry Stream: 28.8
Average Kbps per Pull-Service Stream: 56.0Peakedness Factor 1.2
Information ServicesModel...
Total Network Erlangs (1.0) = Peak PeriodCall Attempts (0.2) x Session Duration
(0.5 min) x Users (600)
Service Bandwidth (34.6 Kbps) = Total
Erlangs (1.0) x Per Session BW (28.8Kbps) x Peakedness Factor (1.2)
Mix of services take-up. Combined sum
must lie between 100% and 200%.
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Personal Productivity Model(Personal Information Manager)
Actual Number of Users 2,000
Peak-Time Bandwidth per User (Kbps) 0.01
Peak-Time Users 25% 500
UL Total Peak-Time Bandwidth (Kbps) 10.67
DL Total Peak-Time Bandwidth (Kbps) 2.67
Charateristic End-User Behaviour
Average Transaction Size (Kbytes) 3.2
Transaction Rate 0.0004
Transactions per Peak-Time 1.5
Peak-Time(seconds) 3,600
Peak-Time Bandwidth per User(Kbps) 0.01 Kbps
Assumptions
Customer Characteristics:
Peak-Time Users: 25%
Peak-Time (in hours): 1.0
Number of Transactions per user (per peak hour): 1.5
Upstream-to-Downstream traffic ratio 4 :1
Application Characteristics:
Number of Kbytes per transaction: 3.2
Peakedness Factor 2.0
Transaction Rate (0.0004) = Peak PeriodTransactions per User (1.5) Peak Period
Duration (3,600 sec)
Peak BW per User (0.01 Kbps) =
Transaction Rate (0.0004) x Avg
Transaction Size (3.2 KB)
Peak Time Users (500) = Total Users
(2,000) x Peak Users (25%)
Total Peak BW (10.67 Kbps) = Peak BW
per User (0.01 Kbps) x Peak Time Users
(500) x Peakedness Factor (2.0)
1
3
2
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eCommerce Model...Actual Number of Users 1,200
Peak-Time Bandwidth per User (Kbps) 0.60
Peak-Time Users 30% 360
Total Peak-Time Bandwidth (Kbps) 217.60
Bandwidth per Session
Average Length of Browsing (Min) 12.5
Requests per E-Commerce Session 8.5
Bandwidth per Request per User (Kbps) 256.0
Session Transaction Rate 0.0113
Session Bandwidth per User (Kbps) 2.90 Kbps
Charateristic End-User Behaviour
Average Size of a Web page (Kbytes) 160
Peak-Time Sessions per User 2.0Peak-Time (sec) 7,200
Peak-Time Bandwidth per User (Kbps) 0.60 Kbps
UL Total Peak-Time Bandwidth (kbps) 27.2 Kbps
DL Total Peak-Time Bandwidth (kbps) 217.6 Kbps
Assumptions
Customer Characteristics:
Peak-Time (in hours): 2.0Peak-Time Users: 30%
Peak-Time Sessions per User 2
Requests per session 8.5
Length of eComm Session (min) 12.5
E-Commerce Application Characteristics:
Web page size (Kbytes): 160
Overhead factor: 1.2
Expected Response Time (seconds): 6
Downstream-to-Upstream traffic ratio 8 :1
BW Request per User (256 Kbps) =Average Size of a Web-Page (160 KB) x
Overhead Factor (1.2) ExpectedResponse Time (6 sec)
Session Transaction Rate (0.0113) =
Requests per Session (8.5) Avg Lengthof Browsing (12.5 min)
Session BW per User (2.9 Kbps) = BW
Request per User (256 Kbps) x Session
Transaction Rate (0.0113)
Peak Time Users (360) = Total Users
(1,200) x Peak Users (30%)
Total Peak [DL] BW (217.6 Kbps) = Peak
BW per User (0.6 Kbps) x Peak Time
Users (360)
Peak BW per User (0.6 Kbps) = BW
Request per User (256 Kbps) x Peak Time
Sessions per User (2) x Requests per
Session (8.5) Peak Time Duration (7,200sec)
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UMTS Architecture R2 x
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PSTN GwWireless
Gateway
Call Server
GGSN (Shasta)
PCM
E1s
RNC
Node-Bs
IMA E1s
RNC
Direct chaining of UMTS network elements creates thepotential for functionality to become stranded.
Configuring individual elements for multiple physical-trunk routes produces inefficient link utilisation.
Protection and path redundancy is not effectivelymanaged at this element layer(access & edge).
Iu-b
Iu-bIu-r
Iu
Iu
UMTS Architecture R2.x
Logical UMTS Architecture
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RNC
PSTN GwWireless
Gateway
Call Server
GGSN (Shasta)
252 E1 252 E1
252 E1 252 E1
16 x STM1
TN-16XE
PCM
E1s
STM-1
Channelised
(IMA)
Node-Bs
IMA E1s
Logical UMTS Architecture
Physical Transmission Architecture
VSP
+ E1s
STM-1
STM-1 STM-1
PP15K PP15K PP15K
The Passport
15Ks represent
the ATM cloud
only and not a
distribution of
functionality
PP8600
RNC
Iu-b
Iu-bIu-r
Iu
Iu
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TPM
02
ILH
039
HCC
03
TYH03
MLH
037
TCC
04
NTH
049HLH
038
CHH04
YLH
05
CYC
05
TNC
06
KSM07 TTH089
PTH
08
PHH
06
KMH
0823
KMW
0826
LKH
0836
I1 Area Code and Name
1 02 TPM Taipei
2 03 TYH Taoyuan
3 03 HCC Hsinchu
4 037 MLH Miaoli
5 038 HLH Hualien
6 039 ILH Ilan
7 04 TCC Taichung
8 04 CHH Changhua
9 049 NTH Nantou
10 05 YLH Yunlin11 05 CYC Chai
12 06 TNC Tainan
13 06 PHH Penghu
14 07 KSM Kaohsiung
15 08 PTH Pingtung
16 0823 KMH Kinmen
17 0826 KMW Wuchiu
18 0836 LKH Matsu
19 089 TTH Tatung
CHT has defined 19 LCAs4 of them are off-shore LCAs
LCA varies in Surface Area Number of customers (Res and Bus)
Local Calling Areas (LCAs) -CHT Concept
N t k D i D i i
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Network Design Decisions...
RNCPSTN Gw
Wireless
Gateway
Call Server
Central Office
Regional PoPs
LCA
PSTN
/PoI
RNC
LCA
PSTN
/PoI
PSTN
GwWireless
Gateway
Call Server
ATM
Core
ATM
Core
RNC
LCA
PSTN/PoIPSTN
Gw
Wireless
Gateway
Call Server
ATM
CoreGGSNGGSN
GGSN
1 2 3
C ll Fl A hit t (1)
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Call Flows -Architecture (1)
RNCPSTN Gw
Wireless
Gateway
Call Server
Central Office
Regional PoPs
LCA
PSTN
/PoI
ATM
Core
GGSN
RNCPSTN Gw
Wireless
Gateway
Call Server
LCA
PSTN
/PoI
ATM
Core
GGSN
RNCPSTN Gw
Wireless
Gateway
Call Server
LCA
PSTN
/PoI
ATM
Core
GGSN
Carrying voice
traffic back to
the LCA at
64Kb/s
Most RNC-to-
RNC hand-offs
will be wihin
an LCA (ie. a
lot of traffic
hairpinning)
C ll Fl A hit t (2)
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Call Flows -Architecture (2) Central Office
Regional PoPs
LCA
PSTN
/PoI
PSTN
Gw Wireless
Gateway
Call Server
ATM
Core
GGSN
LCA
PSTN
/PoI
PSTN
Gw Wireless
Gateway
Call Server
ATM
Core
GGSN
RNC
LCA
PSTN
/PoI
PSTN
Gw Wireless
Gateway
Call Server
ATM
Core
GGSN
RNC RNC Wireless Gate-
ways are under
utilised
Call Flows Architecture (3) Central Office
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Call Flows -Architecture (3) Central Office
Regional PoPs
RNC
LCA
PSTN/PoI
PSTN
Gw
Wireless
Gateway
Call Server
ATM
Core
GGSN
RNC
LCA
PSTN/PoIPSTN
Gw
Wireless
Gateway
Call Server
ATM
Core
GGSN
RNC
LCA
PSTN/PoIPSTN
Gw
Wireless
Gateway
Call Server
ATM
Core
GGSN
Wireless Gate-
ways are fully
utilised
Carrying voice
traffic back to
the LCA at
12.2Kb/s
Hairpinned
traffic is only
voice and is
less than20%of total traffic
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Rights-of-Way and LCA Homing
25 50
0
Kilometers
x
q
xn
x_
x_
s
s
-]
x
xn
F
y
n
xF
q
L
Proposed C.O. have been aligned with CHTs Local
Calling Areas to facilitate both billing and
community-of-interest issues. However, due to the
mountainous separation of East from West, Ilan has
been homed back to the Taipei Hsien C.O.
Local Calling Area C.O Region
Taipei TP1 Northern
Taoyuan TP2 NorthernMiaoli TP2 NorthernIlan TP2 CentralHualien TP2 Central
Hsinchu TCC CentralTaichung TCC Central
Chunghua TCC CentralChaiyi TCC CentralYunlin TCC CentralNantou TCC Central
Tainan KSM SouthernKaohsiung KSM Southern
Tatung KSM SouthernPingtung KSM Southern
UMTS Network Design
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UMTS Network DesignTaipei
Hsinchu
Taoyua
n
Taichung
Tainan
Kaohsiun
g
Miaoli
Chunghu
a
Chaiy
i
Yunli
n
Ilan
Hualie
n
Tatun
g
Pingtung
Nantou
Passport
RNC
PSTN Gw
WGw
CS
C.O.
C.O.
C.O.
Taipei
C.O.
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