undp-gef adaptation 0 0 i. climate risk management and adaptation ii. undp strategy iii. adaptation...
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1UNDP-GEF Adaptation 1
I. Climate Risk Management and Adaptation
II. UNDP Strategy
III. Adaptation Funds and PortfolioI. Three Funds II. Additional costs
IV. Additional Measures
V. UNDP-GEF Resources for Project Development
Increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration has contributed to global warming observed over the past 50 years.
(Source: IPCC, 2001; Jones, 2000)
I. Climate Risk Management and Adaptation
4UNDP-GEF Adaptation 4
ppm CO2-eq.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Time (year)
Concentr
atio
n r
ise
PFC,HFC,SF6
CFC,HCFC
N2O
CH4
CO2
Rise of greenhouse gases concentration compared to the year 1750 (parts-per-million CO2-equivalents).Source: IPCC, 2001a
Enhanced “greenhouse” effect has led to a wide range of changes in global climate and sea level.
I. Climate Risk Management and Adaptation
Changes in precipitation patterns are also discernible across the globe. (source: IPCC, 2001)
I. Climate Risk Management and Adaptation
In addition to changes in average climate conditions, frequency and intensity of extreme weather events have been growing.
I. Climate Risk Management and Adaptation
Observed warming and reasons for concern (adapted from IPCC TAR WGI)
I. Climate Risk Management and Adaptation
Future warming – carbon intensive world (adapted from IPCC TAR WGI)
CO2 concentration
does NOT stabilize.
I. Climate Risk Management and Adaptation
There are critical thresholds over which system changesbecome irreversible (“dangerous”). Hence, mitigation is necessary to avoid such thresholds being exceeded.
I. Climate Risk Management and Adaptation
Future warming – decarbonised world (adapted from IPCC TAR WGI)
CO2 concentration stabilizes at
550ppm.
I. Climate Risk Management and Adaptation
12UNDP-GEF Adaptation 12
Climate change in Europe
Adapted from “Climate change impacts in Europe: Today and in the future”
European Environment Agency
13UNDP-GEF Adaptation 13
Atmosphere and climate
• Global average temperature has increased by about 0.7°C European average temperature by 0.95 C° in last 100 years
• Temperatures will further increase by 1.4 – 5.8 C° globally and 2-6.3 C° in Europe until the year 2100
• Central and northern Europe have received more rain for the period 1900-2000 (10-40% wetter). Southern and south-eastern Europe have become drier (up to 20% drier)
• Extreme weather events - droughts, heatwaves and floods- have increased; cold extremes (frost days) have decreased • Changes are estimated to continue in the future.
14UNDP-GEF Adaptation 14
Temperature & precipitation extremes
• During the past 100 years the number of cold and frost days has decreased in most parts of Europe. Number of warm days and heat waves has increased.
• Cold winters are projected to disappear almost entirely by 2080 and hot summers are projected to become much more frequent.
• Changes in the frequency of precipitation extremes are very different across Europe. The frequency of “very wet” days significantly decreased in the recent decades in many places in southern-Europe, but increased in mid and northern-Europe.
• It is likely that by 2080 droughts as well as intense precipitation events will become more frequent.
15UNDP-GEF Adaptation 15
Temperature extremes
Change in frequency of hot days between 1976 and 1999. Unit: No. of days in a year changed over a decadeSource: Klein Tank et al, 2002
17UNDP-GEF Adaptation 17
Glaciers, snow and ice
• One of the most identifiable visual CC impacts in Europe can be observed in the cryosphere through the retreat of glaciers, snow cover and Arctic sea ice
• Eight out of nine glacier regions show a significant retreat. Up to 50% of the glacier surfaces in the Alps have been lost since 1850, a trend that is still increasing.
• Increases of Norwegian glaciers can be attributed to climate change through increasing winter snowfall.
• Extent and duration of snow cover all over Europe has decreased since 1960.
• In the Arctic regions of Europe sea ice has also been in decline.
18UNDP-GEF Adaptation 18
Marine systems
• The marine system is mainly affected by an increase in sea surface temperature
–Especially in isolated basins like the Baltic Sea and the North Sea.
–An increase in phytoplankton biomass, a northward movement of indigenous zooplankton species up to 1000 km within the last decades
–An increasing presence and number of sub-tropical species in the North Sea.
• Sea level rise around Europe increased in the last century between 0.8 mm/yr and 3.0 mm/year.
• Projected rate of sea level rise between 1990 and 2100 is 2.2 to 4.4 times higher and is projected to continue for centuries
19UNDP-GEF Adaptation 19
Human Health
• About 20,000 excess deaths attributable to heat particularly in Western and Southern Europe in the summer of 2003.
• Heat waves are projected to become more frequent and more intense during the 21st Century and the number of excess deaths
• Tick born encephalitis cases between 1980 and 1995 have increased in the Baltic region and Central Europe. Ticks can transmit a variety of diseases, such as tick borne encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme disease (borriliosis).
• Not clear how many of the 85,000 cases of Lyme borriliosis reported annually in Europe, are due to the temperature increase over the past decades
21UNDP-GEF Adaptation 21
I. Climate Risk Management and Adaptation
II. UNDP Strategy
III. Adaptation Funds and PortfolioI. Three Funds II. Additional costs
IV. Additional Measures
V. UNDP-GEF Resources for Project Development
23UNDP-GEF Adaptation 23
Safeguarding MDGs
“Practical steps to protect countries and communities from the likely disruption and damage that will result from effects of climate change.” (UNFCCC website, 2006)
“Adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effect, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities.” (IPCC 2001)
“Changing existing policies and practices and adopting new
policies and practices so as to secure MDGs in the face of
climate change and its associated impacts” (UNDP 2006)
II. UNDP Strategy
24UNDP-GEF Adaptation 24
Climate Risks and MDGs
MDGs CLIMATE RISKS
MDG 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Depleted livelihood assets, reduced economic growth, and undermined food security.
MDG 2: Achieve universal primary education Reduced ability of children to participate in full-time education by loss of infrastructure, loss of livelihoods (forcing children to work), and displaced families.
MDG 3: Promote gender equality and empower women
Additional burdens on women's health and limited time to participate in decision-making and income-generating activities.
MDGs 4, 5 and 6: Reduce child mortality; improve maternal health; combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases availability of potable water.
Greater prevalence of vector- and water-borne diseases, and heat-related mortality, declining food security, maternal health, and availability of potable water
MDG 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Negatively impacted natural resources and productive ecosystems
II. UNDP Strategy
25UNDP-GEF Adaptation 25
Emerging Priorities for Adaptation
SP2. Water Resources and QualityWater availability and supply maintained
SP3. Public HealthPublic health maintained or advance
SP4. Climate Change-Related Disaster Risk ManagementExposure and vulnerability to climate change-driven risks and hazards reduced
SP5. Coastal DevelopmentExposure and vulnerability of population, infrastructure & economic activity reduced
SP1. Agriculture and Food SecurityFood security and food production maintained or enhanced
II. UNDP Strategy
26UNDP-GEF Adaptation 26
UNDP Principles
1. Safeguard achievement of MDGs by developing adaptive capacity through an integrated package of services
2. Integrate climate risks into development policies, national investment decisions, and into CCA/UNDAF
3. Build on existing UNDP programmes, such as UNDP/GEF-supported Climate Change National Communications and National Adaptation Programmes of Action
4. Build on disaster risk-management activities and extensive UNDP experience in this area
5. Build partnerships with organisations to ensure appropriate expertise reaches countries in line with UNDP’s poverty role in the UN System
II. UNDP Strategy
27UNDP-GEF Adaptation 27
UNDP’s Three-Pronged Approach
• Raise awareness and incorporate climate risks into UN, development planning, programmes and projects through CCA/UNDAF
• Mainstream climate risks into national development strategies and investment decisions through National Communications and other Climate Change strategic plans
• Pilot adaptation in line with priorities emerging from national adaptation frameworks
II. UNDP Strategy
28UNDP-GEF Adaptation 28
Common Country Assessment (CCA)• Key development challenges
United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF)• UNDAF outcomes• Country programme outcomes• Country programme outputs• Key partners• Baselines, targets, and sources of verification
Country Programme Document (CPD)• Allocates TRAC funding • Country Programme Action Plan (CPAP), Annual Work Plan (AWP)
Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting
Mainstreaming in UNDP
II. UNDP Strategy
29UNDP-GEF Adaptation 29
Mainstreaming in UNDP
• Strategic Environmental Assessment is an approach to decision-making for integrating environmental considerations into policies, plans and programmes:
– Can be used for integrating climate risks into national planning and UN/UNDP programming
– Helps move from ad-hoc and reactive to anticipatory and deliberative approach
• Convergence of SEA and APF for implementing adaptation policies and measures within sectoral policies and programmes
II. UNDP Strategy
31UNDP-GEF Adaptation 31
Leveraging SNCs, and the APF1. Enabling Activities: NCs
V&A Priorities and Timescales Identified
2. APF and Project Development Guidance
Strategies and Projects Identified
3. Adaptation Funds
Adapted Policies and Measures Implemented
II. UNDP Strategy
32UNDP-GEF Adaptation 32
Adaptation Policy Frameworks (APF)APF and Project
Development Guidance
- 5 steps in adaptation process
- Technical papers - Step-by-step project design guidance
II. UNDP Strategy
1. Scope Strategies, Policies, Measures
4. Develop and Implement Strategies/Policies/Measures
2. Assess current vulnerability
3. Characterise future climate-related risks
5. Continue adaptation process
33UNDP-GEF Adaptation 33
UNDP-GEF Adaptation Portfolio
Full- and medium-size projects underway in 43 countries
II. UNDP Strategy
34UNDP-GEF Adaptation 34
II. UNDP Strategy
Doing Development Differently!
Integrating climate change risks into national sustainable development
In other words…
Assist developing countries to implement innovative adaptation policies and programmes to better cope with climate change
UNDP’s Mission
35UNDP-GEF Adaptation 35
I. Climate Risk Management and Adaptation
II. UNDP Strategy
III. Adaptation Funds and PortfolioI. Three Funds II. Additional costs
I. Additional Measures
II. UNDP-GEF Resources for Project Development
37UNDP-GEF Adaptation 37
Funds: Timescales & Responses
LDCF: Short term (inter-annual)Increase ability of systems to cope with more frequent, severe
extremes, less predictable rainfall, etc. LDCs only. Driven by development priorities.
Sh
ort
Lo
ng
SCCF: Long term (multi-decadal)Modify systems or develop new ones to be viable under changed
conditions, e.g. reduced rainfall, lower groundwater, higher mean temperatures, etc.
Prepare for potential significant changes, e.g. advance retreat from areas likely to become unviable, alternative economic sectors, etc.
SPA: Global Environmental BenefitsNatural resource management to ensure global benefits for
biodiversity, land degradation, international waters, etc.
III. Adaptation Funds & Portfolio
38UNDP-GEF Adaptation 38
Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF): Guidelines
•Objective: To implement long-term adaptation measures that increase the resilience of national development sectors to the impacts of climate change. Projects must focus on long-term planned response strategies, policies, and measures, rather than short-term (reactive) activities.
•Scope: Focus on projects in vulnerable regions and sectors.
•SCCF offers an opportunity to link climate change adaptation with socio-economic sectors, including: Water resources management; Land management; Agriculture; Health; Infrastructure development.
•Linkages with fragile ecosystems, integrated coastal zone management and disaster preparedness are also encouraged.
39UNDP-GEF Adaptation 39
Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF): Guidelines (cont’d)
•Activity examples: improved monitoring of diseases, early warning systems/responses, disaster planning, preparedness for droughts/flood in areas prone to extreme climate events.
•Projects must include elements of at least two these three activities: integration, implementation and/or capacity building).
•Outcomes: reduce climatic vulnerability across a variety of development sectors.
•Outputs examples: resilience of development sectors enhanced, over and above the ‘without-adaptation’ baseline; Strategies, polices and measures have been implemented to ‘climate proof’ sectors; Adaptive capacity of communities to climate change has been created and/or enhanced.
40UNDP-GEF Adaptation 40
Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF): Guidelines (cont’d)
•Innovation: projects should generate lessons that are applicable in a wider context and can be used to develop good practices for incorporating adaptation to climate change into development planning and project implementation. Link to UNDP-GEF ALM
•Portfolio mix: Thematic and geographical diversity in the portfolio is highly desirable.
•Blended projects: SCCF cannot be co-mingled in ‘blended’ projects with funding from any focal area under the GEF Trust Fund.
•SCCF is open for business – hoping for WP in December – but chances of over programming are great.
•Not part of RAF
41UNDP-GEF Adaptation 41
Baseline scenario = “Business as usual” development, climate change not taken into account in agriculture, water, health, disaster, etc.
Additional Cost Reasoning
Alternative scenario =Development that takes climate change into account
The difference = additional cost eligible for SCCF funding
SCCF
$2M
$3M
$1M
III. Adaptation Funds & Portfolio
42UNDP-GEF Adaptation 42
Co-financing Ratios for SCCF
Co-financing Ratios
Adaptation Funding
GEF Other
< $1M 50% 50%
$1M - $5M 33% 66%
> $5M 25% 75%
III. Adaptation Funds & Portfolio
43UNDP-GEF Adaptation 43
Strategic Priority on Adaptation (SPA): Guidelines
•Objective: To increase the resilience and adaptive capacity of those ecosystems and communities vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. Projects must focus on reducing vulnerability to climate change impacts as their primary objective.
•Scope: Focus on particularly vulnerable regions, sectors, geographic areas, ecosystems and communities. Selection will be based on information contained in NCs and other studies.
•The SPA supports pilot and demonstration projects that address local adaptation needs and generate global environmental benefits in all GEF focal areas.
•Projects that generate both local (development-focused) and global benefits will be eligible under the SPA, if their benefits are primarily global in nature.
44UNDP-GEF Adaptation 44
Strategic Priority on Adaptation (SPA): Guidelines (cont’d)
•Activity examples: Capacity building for managing and ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources under climate change.
•Outcomes: Enhanced delivery of global environmental benefits across GEF climate change portfolio.
•Output examples: Adaptive capacity of communities has been created and/or enhanced; Resilience of ecosystems has been enhanced, over and above the ‘without-adaptation’ baseline of the project; Global benefits can be demonstrated in one or more of the GEF focal areas.
•Innovation: SPA projects should generate lessons that are applicable in a wide context and can be used to develop good practices for integrating adaptation into GEF focal areas.
45UNDP-GEF Adaptation 45
Strategic Priority on Adaptation (SPA): Guidelines (cont’d)
•Cloning of projects is not recommended. New projects with similar objectives and outcomes to projects already funded, or in the pipeline, must have an additional innovative component in their project design.
•Portfolio mix: Diversity in the portfolio, as well as thematic clustering of projects, is highly desirable.
•Blended projects: Multifocal area initiatives can be developed as ‘blended’ projects with funding from differing GEF focal area allocations.
•Cost sharing: The recommended co-financing ratios for SPA- projects is 50/50.
•Original SPA commitment still contains $23m for adaptation projects in areas with global environmental benefits for allocating during GEF-4.
46UNDP-GEF Adaptation 46
$1M
$0.75M
Alternative A = Activities to produce global environmental benefits in LD, Biodiversity, IW, etc.
Alternative B = Activities to ensure GEBs by mitigating future climate risk or reducing vulnerability
The difference = double incremental cost eligible for GEF funding
$2M
$2.75M
$3.75M
SPA
Incremental Cost Reasoning
Baseline scenario = “Business as usual” development, only activities in baseline development planning
$1.75M
III. Adaptation Funds & Portfolio
47UNDP-GEF Adaptation 47
SPA SCCF
Reduce Vulnerability √ √
Climate Resilient Development √
Ecosystem Resilience √
Global Environmental Benefits √
Incremental Reasoning √
Additional Cost Reasoning √ √
Short term (inter-annual/ 10 year) measures
Long term (multi-decadal/ 30 year) strategies √ √
III. Adaptation Funds & Portfolio
48UNDP-GEF Adaptation 48
Funding for Adaptation,Estimates for 2006-2012
50
100
150
200
LDCF SCCF AdaptationFund
US
D m
illio
ns
250
300
SPA
Projected (2006-2012)
III. Adaptation Funds & Portfolio
Allocated
400
350 Available to Date
49UNDP-GEF Adaptation 49
Adaptation Fund
Source: Share of CDM project proceeds, 2% of certified emission reductions (CERs)
Eligibility: Under negotiation, but currently identical to SCCF
Management: Under discussion, likely GEF
Operational: 2007 - at earliest
Amount: Estimated $300 - 600 million through 2012
III. Adaptation Funds & Portfolio
50UNDP-GEF Adaptation 50
Is the concept the first priority project listed in the NAPA? *
YES
Does the project deliver ecosystem benefits in one of the GEF focal areas?
NO
YES
Pursue SPA
YES
Pursue LDCF
Pursue SCCF
NO
Does the concept support adaptation through strategies, policies and measures?
NO
Ineligible for adaptation funding
* NAPA priorities may also be submitted to SCCF
III. Adaptation Funds & Portfolio
51UNDP-GEF Adaptation 51
I. Climate Risk Management and Adaptation
II. UNDP-GEF Strategy
III. Adaptation Funding Windows
IV. Additional MeasuresI. AdditionalityII. Examples by TA
V. UNDP-GEF Resources for Project Development
52UNDP-GEF Adaptation 52
Demonstrating Climate Change Relevance
Must Present Evidence…A. Of climate change drivers. Either:
Climate change scenarios/projections Extrapolation from existing trends (instrumental, other records) Other techniques (risk analysis, downscaling, past analogues)
From Jones and Mearns (2005) - APF Technical Paper 7: Assessing future climate risks
B. That proposed activities specifically alleviate problems driven by climate change. “Additional” activities.
IV. Additional Measures
53UNDP-GEF Adaptation 53
Fundamentals
anticipatory
ad hoc deliberative
reactive
Historical experience
Disaster response
Adaptation projects
Adaptation interventions should shift away from reactive and ad hoc toward anticipatory & deliberative
IV. Additional Measures
54UNDP-GEF Adaptation 54
Fundamentals
Projects should be:
1. Anticipatory – address future risk, not just current climate
2. Integrated – into national sectoral policies and UN/UNDP policies
3. Aligned specifically with adaptation funds• LDCF: Development-driven, based on NAPAs, shorter term• SCCF: Long term, planning, policies and measures• SPA: Long term, deliver Global Environmental Benefits
IV. Additional Measures
55UNDP-GEF Adaptation 55
Projects should contain at least two:
• Capacity building and awareness raising
• Integration of risk reduction into strategies, policies and planning (policy change)
• Implementation of adaptation measures (hard measures)
• Financial instruments e.g. insurance, other risk transfer mechanisms
Fundamentals
IV. Additional Measures
56UNDP-GEF Adaptation 56
1. Disaster Risk Management 2. Agriculture & Food Security3. Water Resources & Quality4. Public Health5. Coastal Development
Fund Baseline scenario Alternative scenario Project Objective (Approach/suite of policies and measures) Examples of project policies and measures
Adaptation Examples
IV. Additional Measures
58UNDP-GEF Adaptation 58
Fund: LDCFClimate change problem: Rising mean temperatures due to climate change glacial retreatWater levels in glacial lakes to reach a critical threshold natural dams failFlash floods result serious negative impacts on valley communities downstream
Baseline: Integrating climate risk into national DRM planning with bilateral funding, little national capacity to manage on-the-ground exposure.
Additional: Adaptation to glacial retreat in highly exposed valleys by lowering the risk of occurrence and damage due to glacial lake outbursts.
Objective: Reduce climate change-induced risks and vulnerabilities from glacial lake outbursts in the Punakha-Wangdi and Chamkhar Valleys.
Suite of Measures: Hard measures – Lake loweringCapacity building – capacity to maintain glacial lake water levels, EWS installed for flood warning and capacity built for management and use of EWS
Reduce Risks to Climate Change-Induced Glacial Lake Outbursts – Bhutan
IV. Additional Measures
59UNDP-GEF Adaptation 59
Reduce Risks to Climate Change-Induced Glacial Lake Outbursts – Bhutan
Additional Policies and Measures
Artificial lake lowering • Water diversion and outlet channels built and functioning• Lowered water levels of Thorthormi Lake• Local staff trained to monitor and maintain lowering system
Glacial Lake Outburst Flooding EWS• An EWS installed in the Punakha-Wangdi Valley• Staff trained to operate and maintain EWS• Awareness campaign amongst valley communities on GLOF EWS
IV. Additional Measures
61UNDP-GEF Adaptation 61
Fund: SPAClimate change-driven problem: Climate change-driven shifts in surface water and oceans coastal erosionInundation of low-lying areas, displacement, erosion, and groundwater contamination threat to livelihoods of coastal populations
Baseline: Reactive and ad hoc response to sea level rise, continued erosion mitigation measures that are quickly overcome by SLR
Alternative: Increased adaptive capacity to the adverse effects of climate change in coastal areas, policies and measures that protect development investments from SLR
Objective: To develop and pilot a range of effective coping mechanisms for reducing the impact of climate change on coastal regions in West Africa.
Suite of Additional Measures:• Capacity building to improve planning and response to coastal change • Pilot adaptation measures to increase resilience of social/ecological systems• Mainstream adaptation into policies to reduce current maladaptive practices• Develop EWS to reduce losses from SLR
Coastal Adaptation – West Africa
IV. Additional Measures
62UNDP-GEF Adaptation 62
Coastal Adaptation – West Africa
Additional Policies and Measures
Soft measures• Promote climate change/SLR sensitive planning of settlements • Develop integrated watershed management systems• Integrate ecosystem conservation with sustainable livelihoods
Hard measures• Construction of anti-salt barrages• Coastal protection through reforestation and/or regeneration• Promotion of voluntary set-back for construction
Capacity• National workshops to delineate coastal zones and produce a draft action plan• Create focal points for communities seeking guidance on adaptation• Training courses: use of climate and ocean data and models for decision
making, ICAM and CC, adaptation techniques, and mainstreaming adaptation in key national sectors
• Establish Technical Support Group (TSG) to advise on adaptation measures in coastal regions and EWS
IV. Additional Measures
63UNDP-GEF Adaptation 63
Adaptation to Climate Change through Effective Water Governance – Ecuador
IV. Additional Measures
64UNDP-GEF Adaptation 64
Adaptation Through Water Governance – Ecuador
Fund: SCCFClimate change-driven problem: Increasing climate variability including drought and floods disrupt water suppliesIncreasing glacial runoff (montane communities), salt water intrusion (coastal
communities) decreased water availabililty/quality Highly diverse ecosystems are particularly sensitive to climate change likely to
undergo rapid changes
Baseline: Water system conflicts, unmet demand, ill-adapted to current variability, and lacking capacity. Allocation not based on technical data, including future stream flow scenarios. Limited capacity to collect and generate data.
Alternative: Climate risks mainstreamed into water use policies, allocation decisions supported by economic, social and environmental data. Water users aware of climate change effects, measures adopted to manage impacts. Water allocations optimized.
Objective: Reduce Ecuador’s vulnerability to climate change through increased (adaptive) capacity for effective water resource management and improved access to timely and accurate climate data.
IV. Additional Measures
65UNDP-GEF Adaptation 65
Additional Policies and Measures
Strengthened policy and governance structures for effective water management
• Climate change adaptation guidelines mainstreamed into the management of water resources at the national and local levels
• Climate change adaptation criteria included as part of the evaluation of public investments and microcredit allocations.
Improved information and knowledge management on climate risks in Ecuador
• Improved translation of CC information into lay terms to facilitate the diffusion and utilization of climate data in planning for public and private investment
Application of sustainable water management and water-related risk management practices to withstand the effects of climate change
• Formulate water management projects with due consideration of climate change• Retrofit water projects to integrate adaptation to changing climate conditions
Adaptation Through Water Governance – Ecuador
IV. Additional Measures
67UNDP-GEF Adaptation 67
Coping with Drought and Climate Change (Kenya, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) Fund: SPA
Climate Change-driven Problem: Increasing temperatures, reduced rainfall and runoff due to climate change more frequent and/or severe droughtsIncreased food insecurity, lack of water for sanitation and groundwater uses salinity and poor health likely to result. Ecosystems and agriculture at risk.
Baseline:Rural communities’ coping strategies become inadequate and maladaptive as drought increases in frequency and intensity. Current responses intensify agriculture on marginal lands, reduce fallow periods, increase urban migration, and shift farming to marginal lands.
Incremental:Improve adaptive capacity of agriculturalists to cope with drought, ensuring sustainability of land degradation benefits.
Additional:Employ alternative livelihoods during droughts; Improve flow and use of early warning information for drought response; Mainstream drought mitigation into development plans.
Objective: Develop and pilot a range of effective coping mechanisms for reducing the vulnerability of farmers and pastoralists in Chiredzi District to drought shocks
IV. Additional Measures
68UNDP-GEF Adaptation 68
Additional Policies and Measures
Diversify livelihood strategies for vulnerable farmers/pastoralists• Establish local adaptation committees of community and government leadership• Implement community pilot projects in vulnerable wards of pilot sites
Enhance early warning systems in agricultural/pastoral areas• Develop a system for utilizing climate change-relevant information in planning
Integrate drought preparedness in relevant policies across sectors and levels of society
• Using policy lessons from pilot sites, prepare position papers for policy and decision makers on integrated drought risk management
• Implement bi-annual national drought policy forum with broad collaboration
Coping with Drought and Climate Change
IV. Additional Measures
70UNDP-GEF Adaptation 70
Climate Change Adaptation to Protect Human Health
Fund: SCCF
Baseline:Surveillance and response poorly integrated across agencies. Risks dealt with
mainly through reactive and curative interventions. Little response to changing disease distributions
Alternative:Rapid detection of climate-related epidemics. Reduced rate of climate-sensitive
infectious diseases. More rapid and effective response to climate-related disease epidemics
Additional Policies and Measures:• Integrate meteorological, veterinary and human disease surveillance into health
monitoring• Improve epidemic response action plans, particularly in new areas of exposure• Integrate climate information into early warning systems
IV. Additional Measures
71UNDP-GEF Adaptation 71
I. Climate Risk Management and Adaptation
II. UNDP-GEF Approach to Adaptation
III. Adaptation Funding Windows
IV. Additional Adaptation Activities
V. UNDP-GEF Resources - Project and Pipeline DevelopmentI. Concept PipeliningII. Mistakes to Avoid
72UNDP-GEF Adaptation 72
Concept Criteria
A. National priorities and assessments – NCs (& NAPAs)
B. Climate change data - hazards and vulnerability
C. UN and UNDPframeworks – CCUNDAF, CCA
D. UNDP global priorities and thematic areas (forthcoming)
E. Policy dialogue, national interest
Concepts for adaptation must be based on
V. UNDP-GEF Resources
73UNDP-GEF Adaptation 73
Suggested Guiding Questions for Concepts Information for Concept
Concept Criteria
Step A – Ensure Country-Drivenness
- Status of NC/NAPA
- Priority climate risks & impacts
- Priority adaptation options and timescales
- Priority areas
Has the country completed NCs?If yes, What climate risks and vulnerabilities are prioritized?What timescale of adaptation is required? What adaptation options are proposed?
Has the country completed the NAPA? If yes, What climate risks and impacts are prioritized? What adaptation projects are proposed?
V. UNDP-GEF Resources
75UNDP-GEF Adaptation 75
Avoiding Common Mistakes
The problem must be clearly due to climate change• Project must not be covered by other focal areas • Must show impacts caused by climate change• Quality of climate data must be best available
The timescale of climate analysis must be clear• Differentiate between short- and long-term (next year or 30 years)• Measures must match funds. Long = SCCF/SPA, Short = LDCF
Must link to National Priorities, Action Plans, Programmes
Proposal must be based on rigorous pipelining approach• www.undp.org/gef/adaptation for guidance
V. UNDP-GEF Resources
76UNDP-GEF Adaptation 76
Avoiding Common Mistakes
Must clearly outline Goal, Objective, and Outcomes• Proposal must have 1 goal, 1 objective, 3-4 outcomes• Must have 2 out of 3: Pilot/demonstration, Integrate adaptation into
policies, Capacity building
Co-financing must be explained to satisfy fund requirements• www.undp.org/gef/adaptation for guidance
Monitoring of adaptation outcomes must be included
Learning component (contribution to ALM) must be clear
Use of APF should be systematic in project design
V. UNDP-GEF Resources
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