undp-gef adaptation

UNDP-GEF Adaptation

Climate Change and Land Degradation - Arusha

Nyawira MuthuiDecember 2006

2UNDP-GEF Adaptation 2

• UNDP Approach to Adaptation

• Adaptation Project Portfolio

• Presented on behalf of the UNDP-GEF Adaptation Team


Further Information

Contact: Bo Lim – UNDP-GEF Adaptation UnitClimate Change AdaptationUNDP-GEF

www.undp.org/gef/adaptation

E-mail: [email protected]


Defining Adaptation – Doing Development Differently

“Practical steps to protect countries and communities from the likely disruption and damage that will result from effects of climate change.” (UNFCCC website, 2006)

“Adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effect, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities.” (IPCC 2001)

“A process by which strategies to moderate, cope with and take advantage of the consequences of climatic events are enhanced, developed, and implemented” (UNDP 2005)


GEF Adaptation Fund

• Pilot or demonstration projects to integrate adaptation into national policy

• Must meet global environmental objectives and have development benefits

• Adaptation within climate change, biodiversity, international waters and land degradation projects

• Operational since July 2004


Adaptation in LD1. Within Land Degradation Cluster adaptation is

seen achieved through mainstreaming practices to climate proof Sustainable Land Management

2. Building adaptive capacity to reduce communities, economies and ecosystem vulnerability to negative impacts of climate change

• In practice, this meansChanging existing policies and practices Adopting new policies and practices so as to

secure MDGs in the face of climate change and its associated impacts


•UNDP-GEF Principles of Adaptation

• Helping developing countries to adapt to climate change impacts is central to UNDP core mandate for promoting development and poverty reduction across the globe.

• UNDP provides several services to help programme countries to access adaptation funds:– helping them to evaluate adaptation options,

identify promising investment opportunities, and ensure timely and cost effective delivery of projects.


UNDP-GEF Adaptation Principles

• Adaptation activities must further the achievement of the MDGs

• Adaptation activities must be development focused

• The starting point for developing national responses is strengthening adaptive capacity to reduce community and ecosystem vulnerability to negative impacts of CC

• Stakeholder involvement and public participation are key

• UNDP’s policy and technical guidance should be leveraged

• Leverage UNDP-GEF programming by building on NCs and NAPAs


GEF Adaptation Funds


Types of adaptation funds

• The Strategic Priority on Adaptation (SPA)

•Financed by the GEF Trust Fund:•ecosystem/focal area focused fund. •The goal - to ensure that climate

change concerns are incorporated in the management o f ecosystems through GEF focal area projects.


Type of Adaptation Fund

• The Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF)•Financed by additional voluntary

contributions •channelled through GEF•A development -focused fund designed

specifically for addressing short or long term adaptation measures to climate change in the poorest countries.


Types of Adaptation Funds

The Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF):

•Financed by additional voluntary contributions channelled through GEF

•a development -focused fund concerned primarily with long term activities, programmes and measures in the development sectors that are most affected by global climate change.


Adaptation Policy Framework (APF)

• APF has been prepared by the UNDP/GEF Capacity Development and Adaptation Cluster as the Cornerstone of UNDP’s Strategy in Adaptation

• APF will assist in the process of incorporating adaptation concerns into national strategies

• Four-phased Approach


Four Phases of the UNDP-GEF Adaptation Strategy

Activities

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

Phase 1a: Methodological

Development

Phase Ib: Methodological Improvement &Dissemination

Phase II:Regional

Assessments

Phase III:National

Assessments

Phase IV:Implementation


APF - Key Innovations

• Links current with future climate variations• If future climate change brings both

increased variability and directional shifts, understanding current climate-related extreme events and responses will provide basis for future responses (and surprises)

• Uses the concept of adaptation or development baseline to build on current experience to cope with future climate

• Emphasizes adaptive capacity…….. as the potential of a system to adjust characteristics or behaviour, to cope with climate change, including variability


APF Adaptation Approaches

Project Outcome Examples

Ameliorated impacts in high-risk areas, early warning, response measures

Reduced vulnerability of population and high-risk groups: improve access, livelihoods, security

Enhanced adaptive capacity - better preparedness, awareness, empowerment, livelihood options

“Adaptation friendly” policies, programmes, strategies, that discourage high-risk or maladaptive behavior

APF Approach

HAZARD-BASEDTop-down, scenario-driven, formal risk mapping for hazards

VULNERABILITY-BASEDBottom-up: no mapping or scenarios, vulnerability combined with general hazard information

ADAPTIVE CAPACITYBottom-up: providing options for adapting

POLICY-BASEDTop-down/bottom-up: adaptation via policy intervention


Climate Risks to MDGsMDGs CLIMATE RISKS

MDG 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Depleted livelihood assets, reduced economic growth, and undermined food security.

MDG 2: Achieve universal primary education Reduced ability of children to participate in full-time education by loss of infrastructure, loss of livelihoods (forcing children to work), and displaced families.

MDG 3: Promote gender equality and empower women

Additional burdens on women's health and limited time to participate in decision-making and income-generating activities.

MDGs 4, 5 and 6: Reduce child mortality; improve maternal health; combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases availability of potable water.

Greater prevalence of vector- and water-borne diseases, and heat-related mortality, declining food security, maternal health, and availability of potable water

MDG 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Negatively impacted natural resources and productive ecosystems


Lessons - Adaptation Learning Mechanism (ALM)

• Knowledge base for adaptation established

• Adaptation projects reviewed

• Gaps in knowledge and practice identified

• Gaps in knowledge addressed

• Good practice identified• Learning and knowledge

shared• Regional approach taken

PARTNER-SHIPS

STRUCTURED LEARNING

INNOVATION - good practice

INFO SHARING – projects, methods, measures


Phase II: Regional Pilot Projects

Scope: watershed management, disaster risk management, food security, health

Other Phase II Projects:Central America, Mexico, and CubaMaghreb: Integrated Watershed Mgt

water supply and aquifers Central America, Mexico, and Cuba: APFClimate change and Human Health (with

WHO); Adaptation Learning MechanismCommunity Based Adaptation (with SGP) Asia and Andean region: Climate Change

and Flood Risk Reduction (under dev’t)


NCs and NAPAs

• National Communications (NCs)

• Report on programmes to facilitate adaptation

• Vulnerability and Adaptation assessment

• Starting point for formulating projects – V&A priorities and climate change rationale

• National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs)

• Respond to vulnerability of LDCs

• Prioritize adaptation measures supportive of existing development plans

• Identify urgent actions to adapt


Climate-resilient development (LDCF, SCCF)

• Integrate climate risks into development sectors.

• Short- and long-term adaptation to address current climate variability as well as long-term change

• UNDP’s priority

Demonstration and Pilot Projects

Ecosystem resilience (SPA)

• Integrate adaptation into the GEF focal areas

• Where climate change risks are evaluated to be significant (e.g. Biodiversity, Land Degradation, International Waters)


Guiding Approach for Adapting Development

Agriculture-related

Water-related HealthDisaster Risk Management

Coastal Development

Approaches: Strategies, policies, measures/practices Scales: Community, national, regional Sustainability: Financing instrumentsCapacity: Institutions, information, and stakeholder capacity building

Examples of restructured sector policies:

SP1 Agriculture SP2 Water SP3 Health

SP4 Climate disaster

SP5 Coastal Dev.

Rural development policies utilize seasonal forecasts

Demand side management based on information on future water availability

Monitoring/control of disease vectors improved

EWS and response coverage increased

Policies support development in low-risk areas

Integrate Future Climate Risks in Development

Promote Adapted National Policy Frameworks - “Outcomes”

Identify Current National Policy Baselines


UNDP-GEF Adaptation Portfolio

Full- and medium-size projects in 43 countries


•UNDP-GEF Adaptation Portfolio - 18 Medium & Full Size Projects beyond PDF stage: $43.4 million in GEF funding

Adaptation Projects by SP (among 14 single SP & highly-focused projects)

Water Resources and Quality,

5

Public Health, 1

Climate Disaster

Managemt, 1

Coastal Zone

Developmt, 3

Agriculture and Food Security, 4


UNDP-GEF Adaptation Portfolio

Funding by SP ($ millions)

Water Resources & Quality,

$13.3

Agriculture & Food

Security, $11.8

Public Health,

$7.0

Climate-related

Disaster Managmt,

$3.2

Coastal Zone

Developmt, $7.8


Thematic Distribution of UNDP-GEF Projects

Sector/topic Country

Water management Tanzania, Ecuador (SCCF)

Agriculture Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Swaziland, Namibia (SPA); Pacific Islands (SCCF); India (SCCF)

Health Fiji, Barbados, Jordan, Uzbekistan, China, Bhutan, Kenya (SCCF)

Coastal zones Cape Verde, Mauritania, Gambia, Guinea Bissau (SPA), Uruguay (SPA) Tourism: Maldives (SCCF)

Disaster risk management

India (SCCF), Pacific Islands (SCCF)

Community-based adaptation

Samoa, Bolivia, Niger, Bangladesh (Morocco, Namibia, Vietnam, Guatemala, Kazakhstan and Jamaica to join in 2006/7) (SPA)


Project Example - Coping with Drought and Climate Change

Countries: Kenya, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe

Fund: SPA, Land Degradation

Amount: $1.0M GEF per country + $1.0M Co-fin per country

Components:(i) Assist communities to cope with drought through pilot

adaptation measures(ii) Enhance use of EWS and improve communication of

climate information with agriculturalists(iii)Promote drought preparedness and mitigation policies(iv)Replicate successful approaches across the region


Coping with Drought and Climate Change

Baseline:• Rural communities use current coping strategies, which become

inadequate as drought increases in frequency and intensity

Additional:• Strengthened drought mitigation skills of community

development practitioners• Alternative livelihoods employed during droughts• Improved flow and use of early warning information for drought

response• Drought mitigation mainstreamed in development plans


Coping with Drought and Climate Change

•Adaptive capacities of local communities, local and national institutions and the regional networks will be strengthened through concrete activities.

•Specific focus is on managing the risks associated with future climate change and its impact on land degradation while piloting specific adaptation measures


Namibia - CCA• Adapting to Climate Change through the Improvement of

Traditional Crops and Livestock Farming

– Fund: SPA, LD– Amount $1.0M GEF + Co-financing $1.0M

Government

Components: i) Climate change adaptation measures of rural communities

in agricultural production piloted and testedii) Improved information flows on climate change, including

variability (such as drought) between providers and key users

iii) Climate change issues integrated into planning processes, e.g. National Drought Policy

Focus at community-level, equipping small-holder farmers with improved capacities to adapt to climatic change and increased levels of drought.


UNDP-GEF Adaptation Projects – key issues

The problem must be clearly due to climate change• Impacts must be due to climate change, Climate data must be

best available• The timescale of climate analysis must be clear

•Must differentiate between short and long term and match funds: long term - SCCF/SPA, short term – LDCF

Must link to National Priorities, Action Plans, Programmes

Proposal must be based on rigorous pipelining approach

Learning component (contribution to ALM) must be clear

Co-financing must be explained to satisfy fund requirements

Must clearly outline Goal, Objective, and Outcomes

Monitoring of outcomes must be explicit

Use of APF should be systematic in project design

Pradeep Kurukulasuriya

if funds only meant to fund problems due to climate change, then this will cause problems, fixing maladaptations would qualifyusually co-financing part of incremental reasoningin adaptation co-finacing for baseline, adaptation funds for CC funds.additionality, mal adaptation


Further Information

Contact: Bo LimClimate Change AdaptationUNDP-GEF

www.undp.org/gef/adaptation

E-mail: [email protected]

Thank you!

undp-gef adaptation

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