us history fall midterm review. unit 7: the gilded age (1870-1900)

US History Fall Midterm Review

Unit 7:The Gilded Age

(1870-1900)

USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900

IndustrializationIndustrialization

Reconstruction & Reconstruction & Rise of Jim CrowRise of Jim Crow

Ranching, Mining, FarmingRanching, Mining, Farming

USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900The SouthThe South:

After the failure of Reconstruction in 1877, the

South entered the Jim Crow era

Sharecropping & Segregation

USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900

The WestThe West:Farmers,

ranchers, & miners

closed the last of the frontier at

the expense of Indians

Mining was the 1st attraction to

the West; Miners created “instant towns” in areas where gold or silver

was discovered

Cattle Ranchers on the “Open Range”

The Farming Bonanza■ In 1862, the U.S. government began the

Homestead ActHomestead Act which encouraged farmers to settle in the West by offering 160 acres of land to families who promised to live there for 5 years

A pioneer sod house

1st transcontinentaltranscontinental railroad connected the west coast to eastern cities in 1869

Chinese workers made up a large percentage of laborers

on the western leg

Irish workers made up a large percentage of laborers on the eastern section

Populists■ Populists were westerners who wanted

–“Free silver” (Bi-metalism)

–Regulation of railroads

–Income tax

–Direction election of senators

Native Native Americans Americans in the West: in the West:

Major Battles & Reservations

• Little Big HornLittle Big Horn—Sioux surrounded & killed US Army division led by Custer

• Wounded KneeWounded Knee—Indians were killed to stop performance of Ghost Dance ritual

Indian tribes retained only a few reservationsreservations

set aside by the U.S. government

USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900

The NorthThe North:Experienced an industrial revolution,

mass immigration, & urbanization

America became the world’s leader in Railroad, Oil, Steel, Electricity

Vertical & Horizontal Integration

Vertical & Horizontal Integration

“Big Business”■ MonopoliesMonopolies (truststrusts): Companies that

controlled the majority of one industry:–Rockefeller’s Standard

Oil–Carnegie’s

U.S. Steel–Vanderbilt’s

railroads

Working & Living Conditions

“New Immigration” & Urbanization

Robber Barons or Captains of Industry?

Unit 8:The Progressive Era (1890-1920)

The Progressive Era (1890-1920)

■ Social Gospel

■ Jane Addams & settlement houses

■ Women’s Christian Temperance Union

■ Political Reforms:

–City commissions

–Initiative, recall, referendum

Muckraking JournalismThe Jungle led the gov’t to

pass the Meat Inspection Act

in 1906

History of Standard Oil helped push for

the break-up of monopolies

Anti-Trust Reform

Progressive Reform in the States■ Progressives made state governments

more democratic:–Initiatives—citizens (not politicians) can

put an issue on a state ballot & vote to make laws

–Referendums—citizens vote on an issue (such as tax increases) suggested by state legislatures

–Recalls—citizens can remove an elected official by popular vote

–17th amendment allowed for the direct election of Senators

Reforming Society

■Social Reform:

–Jane Addams’ settlement housessettlement houses for poor urban workers

–NAACPNAACP formed to help fight discrimination against blacks

–1818thth Amendment: Amendment: prohibition

–1919thth Amendment: Amendment: gave women the right to vote