ux prototyping and personas 4-25-14
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UX PROTOTYPING AND PERSONASEssential tools for creating great user experiences
WHO AM I?Shilpa Thanawala
@skthana
WHO ARE YOU?
WHAT IS A PROTOTYPE?A simulation of how a product or feature will work
Practice for people who build things
PROTOTYPES VERSUS...SketchesWireframesStoryboardsMockups
WHY?
BENEFITS OF PROTOTYPINGExplore your ideasInnovateCollaborateGet everyone on the same pagePersuadeTest assumptionsReduce riskSaves time / effort / money
WHEN?As early as possibleThroughout the design and development process
WHAT’S THE GOAL?What question are you trying to answer?How will the interface work?
Will users understand where to click next?
Have I covered all possible user pathways?
Generate ideasFoster collaborationConvince team, stakeholders, clients... etc.
WHAT ABOUT FIDELITY?visual designinteractionenvironmentcontent and datasocial...others?
CHOOSE THE RIGHT LEVEL OF FIDELITY IN EACH AREAWhat’s your objective?
Who’s your audience?
PROTOTYPING TOOLS
WHAT KINDS OF TOOLS DO PEOPLE USE?PaperHTML / CSS (hand-coded or WYSIWYG generated)Clickable screen imagemaps in HTMLSoftware-generated ( , , , ,
, etc.)PowerPoint / Keynote / Online tools ( , , , , ...)...many others (Acrobat,Rails, Java, Excel, Filemaker ...)
Balsamiq Fireworks Visio AxureOmnigraffle
ImpressiRise Solidify Moqups ProtoShare Proto
HOW TO CHOOSE?familiarity (or learning curve)availabilitycostcapability to create a usable prototypebuilt-in tools (UI elements, interactivity)collaborative capabilitesaudience & distribution
TESTING YOUR PROTOTYPES
USABILITY TESTINGWhat are you trying to measure?
Roles
FacilitatorTesterObserver(s)
THE FACILITATORExplains the testing processSets expectationsGuides the Tester throughAsks questions during & after testing
THE TESTERUsually, best if unfamiliar with your productIdeally, representative of your target marketCustomary to compensate Testers for their time
THE OBSERVERSSimply watch, listen, and take notesDon’t interact directly with TesterIdeally, all stakeholders and team membersIn another room, watching video and audioIf no observers, then it’s you!
THE TESTING SESSION3-5 Testers30-45 minutes each, with short breaksClear tasks or objectivesDiscuss and evaluate results right afterward
Categorize results based on the original goal(s)Separate unexpected or extra results so as not to getsidetracked
RINSE AND REPEATMake improvements, create a new prototype, test again
PAPER PROTOTYPING
EXAMPLES
Paper prototype of a game
Credit: Derek Lee / YouTube.com
View online
EXAMPLES
Paper prototype of blood-testing kiosk
Credit: lukenwarm / YouTube.com
View online
EXAMPLES
Paper prototype of a kids’ website
Credit: BlueDuckLabs / YouTube.com
View online
PAPER PROTOTYPING: ADVANTAGESFastCheapNo special software skills neededEncourages collaboration (in person)Can model a wide variety of interfaces and interactionsCan modify during the test
PAPER PROTOTYPING: DISADVANTAGESHarder to collaborate with remote or distributed teams
PAPER PROTOTYPING TOOLKITEssentials: paper and pen
Nice-to-Haves:
heavy cardstock or construction paper, tracing paper orvellumpens, markers, highlighters, colored pencils, charcoal pencilseraserssticky notesre-stickable tape and labelsindex cardscardboardcutting toolsprinted UI elements and device frames
TIME TO BUILD YOUR OWN
ACTIVITY 1: PAPER PROTOTYPINGPrototype a login / register process for a website on asmartphone.
Goal / Purpose - to plan out the login process flow
Include the following features:
BALSAMIQ
BALSAMIQ: ADVANTAGESFastNo special software skills neededLarge library of UI elementsCan be used for remote collaborationHand-drawn look encourages focus on layout & functionalityAutomatically stores revision historyIntegrates with other online apps (Jira, Google Drive)
BALSAMIQ: DISADVANTAGESNot meant for high visual design fidelityNot free
EXAMPLE
Balsamiq prototype for an iPhone interface
Credit: AppsForGood / YouTube.com
View online
DEMO
YOUR TURN
ACTIVITY 2: PROTOTYPING WITH BALSAMIQCreate a prototype for an airline’s website reservationfunctionality on a tablet.
Goal: Simulate interaction flow
Include:
Search for flightsSpecials
Bonus: Add features -- check flight status, online check-in
PERSONAS
WHAT IS A PERSONA?A fictional character developed to accurately and realisticallyrepresent one type of user your product is designed to serve.
WHY USE PERSONAS?A way to distill the goals and desires of the users you serve,make them memorable and humanTalk about product features as they relate to a specific personinstead of “The User”Focus the user experience your productPrioritize improvements to your productGet all the assumptions out in the open and alignedUncover disconnectsGet everyone to buy in
PERSONAS ARE NOT...User ProfilesMarket segmentsReal peopleStatistically representativeComprehensiveAbsoluteStatic
FULL PERSONASBased on extensive user research
Site visitsInterviewsAnalytics data and logsTech support logsMarket researchSales team notes...other data on real users
HOW DO I GET DATA?User ResearcherThird-party data
Government, NGOs, or Think-tanks (Pew, data.gov,yougov.com)Commercial (Nielsen, Gallup)UX {UIE, AnswerLab}
Approach with a question in mind
WHAT IF I HAVE NO REAL DATA?And no budget for UX research...
AD-HOC PERSONAS
a.k.a. Assumption personas, Quick personas, Thin personas...
Get whatever general data you canWho are you building for?Test, research, modify... repeat!
AD-HOC PERSONASCan be advantageous even if you have data
Quick to createJump-starts the process of developing personasMakes data analysis easierFocuses future research: validation, answering relevantquestions
WHAT DOES A PERSONA LOOK LIKE?Typical Characteristics:
CategoryA fictional nameJob title, role, responsibilitiesTheir goals, needs, and prioritiesTheir environmentDemographics (if relevant)A quote or key statementA photo
(usability.gov)An example persona
ACTIVITY 3: CREATE PERSONAS
ACTIVITY 3: MODIFY YOUR PROTOTYPEChoose one persona as your primary oneModify your Balsamic prototype from Activity 2 to serve thespecific needs and goals of that primary persona
POWERPOINT / KEYNOTE / (OTHER)
POWERPOINT / KEYNOTE: ADVANTAGESFamiliar and widely availableEasy to learn and useCan export to PDF or HTMLUseful for collaboration among distributed teamsCan draw on existing resources for UI elementsCan simulate some interactivity
POWERPOINT / KEYNOTE: DISADVANTAGESLimited tools for visual designersLimited interactivity
EXAMPLES
Keynote prototype for iPhone interface
Credit: amir khella / YouTube.com
View online
KEYNOTE DEMO
ACTIVITY 4: PROTOTYPING WITH POWERPOINT OR KEYNOTECreate a prototype for a weather webapp
Goal: Determine if key user needs are met
Include:
Current conditionsForecastChance of precipitationMultiple locationsSunrise and sunset times
Bonus:Additional features like an extended forecast, hourly forecastHow will your design change on smaller screens / mobiledevices?
FIREWORKS
FIREWORKS: ADVANTAGESHighly flexibleCan simulate many interactions with higer fidelityDesignate common and reusable elementsComes with built-in UI elements libraryIntegrates well with Photoshop and IllustratorCan be exported to PDF, HTML, Air, ...Can distribute and collaborate remotelyAdditional tools for responsive and touch prototyping
FIREWORKS: DISADVANTAGESLearning curveLess widely available (must be purchased)
DEMO
HTML / CSS PROTOTYPES
HTML / CSS: ADVANTAGESThe real thingTogether with Javascript, can prototype actual interactivityOr, without JS, fake itModular & collaborativeFree, requires no special softwareCan use frameworksResponsive - one prototype for all screen sizesMight be possible to reuse code (but rarely)
HTML / CSS: DISADVANTAGESLearning curveTime-consumingCould be mistaken for the end productDifficult to collaborate with non-coding team members
TOOLS FOR HTML PROTOTYPINGHand-codeFrameworks ( , , , others)Content Management System (eg. )Visual tools ( , , , , others)
Bootstrap Foundation CenturionWordPress
Dreamweaver Edge Muse Jetstrap
DEMO: FOUNDATION FRAMEWORK
ACTIVITY 5: PROTOTYPING WITH... THE TOOL THAT WORKSFOR YOU
Create a prototype for a conference website
Goal: Establish website layout and model interactions
Include:
Introduction and descriptionsDate, location, featured speakersA schedule of talksPricing and registrationNearby hotels, parking, local restaurants
PROTOTYPING AND PERSONASKEY TAKEAWAYS
Help you create a great user experienceKey tools in user-centered designGreat for aligning teams and getting buy-in from clients, execs,etc.Prototyping is easy and inexpensiveStart by using the tools you have & know. You can learnsomething else later if you need to.
RESOURCES & FURTHER STUDYPaper Prototyping: , ,
, Usability Testing: and
- Steve KrugPersonas: - Pruitt & AdlinPowerPoint / Keynote: Fireworks: ,
Muse: General UX: , , , ,
, , ,
My Client is Obsessed with the Design:
iOS design elements Sneakpeekit UIStencils Speckyboy list
Don’t Make Me Think Rocket Surgery MadeEasy
The Essential Persona LifecycleKeynotopia
Export Responsive Prototypes iOS TouchPrototyping
Muse JamsUIE UX Magazine Rosenfeld Media UXMastery
A List Apart Lynda Interaction Design Foundation 52 Weeksof UX
Style Tiles
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