vascular and non-vascular seedless...
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Learning Objectives
• Describe the life histories and related reproductive structures of bryophytes.
• Describe the distinguishing features of liverworts, mosses, and hornworts.
• Describe some of the key adaptations that allow liverworts, mosses, and hornworts to live on land.
• Describe the role of bryophytes in the environment.
• Discuss similarities and differences between ferns and other plants you have studied in the lab.
• Describe the life cycles of ferns.
Survey of the Plant Kingdom: This and
Next Week
• Phylum – Common Name
• Hepaticophyta – Liverworts
• Bryophyta – Mosses
• Anthocerophyta – Hornworts
• Pterophyta – Ferns
• Lycophyta – Club Mosses
• Cycadophyta – Cycads
• Ginkgophyta – Ginkgo
• Coniferophyta – Conifers
• Gnetophyta – Gnetophytes
• Anthophyta – Flowering plants
Liverworts, Mosses, and Hornworts of Phyla
Hepaticophyta, Bryophyta, and Anthocerophyta
• Distinct sporophyte and gametophyte phases,
but gametophyte is the dominant phase.
Phylum Bryophyta: Mosses
• Distinct sporophyte and gametophyte phases,
but gametophyte is the dominant phase.
• Gametophytes (haploid) produce gametes
– Either male or female
• Sporophytes (diploid) produce spores
Sporophyte
Gametophyte
Phylum Bryophyta: Mosses
• Distinct sporophyte and gametophyte phases, but gametophyte is the dominant phase.
• Gametophytes (haploid) produce gametes
– Either male or female
• Haploid sperm produced by male gametophytes
– In antheridia
• Haploid egg produced by female gametophyte
– In archegonium
• Produces diploid sporophyte
Phylum Bryophyta: Mosses
• Sporophyte (diploid) grows out of archegonium, produces spores from meiosis.
Seedless Vascular Plants of Phylum Pterophyta
• Have vascular tissue
– Xylem, phloem: conduct fluids
Ferns: Pterophyta • Have vascular tissue
– Xylem, phloem: conduct fluids
• Sporophytes – produce spores from sporophylls
– Megaphylls, microphylls
– Sporangia – where spores are produced via meiosis
• Gametophytes – produce gametes
Sporophyte
Gametophyte
Ferns: Pterophyta
• Gametophyte (haploid)
– Males develop sperm in antheridia
– Females develop eggs in archegonia
• Zygote (diploid) grows out of archegonium
• Becomes sporophyte
Sporophyte
Gametophyte
Ferns: Pterophyta
• Sporophyte’s leaves (called fronds) form clusters of sporangia
– Spots are called sori
• Meiosis in the sporangia forms spores (haploid)
• Spores germinate upon release, becoming gametophytes!
• AKA prothallia. Sporophyte
Gametophyte
Seedless Vascular Plants of Phylum Lycophyta
• Club mosses
• Have true roots, stems, and leaves!
• Sporangia occur in modified leaves called sporophylls cultured in cones called strobili.
Today • 28.1 – Examine the thallus of Marchantia • 28.2 – Prepared slide of Marchantia • 28.3 – Examine sporophytes of liverworts
– Examine model of Marchantia
• 28.4 – Examine mosses – Live: Polytrichum, Dicranum, Spagnum, Mnium
• 28.5 - SKIP • 28.6 – Examine archegonia and antheridia of mosses (prepared
slide) • 29.1 – Examine sori
– Dissecting scope and prepared slide of fern indusium (compound light microscope)
• 29.2 – Observe archegonia and antheridia - prepared slides • Examine Horsetails - Table 3 • 29.4 - Examine club mosses
– Observe live club moss (Lycopodium)
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