voladura de rocas

VOLADURA DE ROCAS APLICADA

A LA NUEVA MINERÍA

CAPÍTULO I: NUEVAS IDEAS SOBRE FRAGMENTACIÓN ISEE

Ing. Rómulo MuchoPresidente IIMP

Lima, 8 de abril, 2013

Peter Cundall

Maurilio Torres

Marc Ruest

Ewan Sellers

Sandy Etchells

Italo Onederra

SIMPLE MODELHSBM/BLO-UP MODEL

• Heterogeneous Mixtures

• VoD Dependent on Confinment

• VoD Dependent on Diameter

• Incomplete Reaction

• Curved Shock Front

• Large DDZ

Vixen 2009 Calculates Ideal Detonation State: Ideal VoD + Q

Non-Ideal Corrections are Made: Q1D and DSD

Output is VoD and Reaction Extent

NON-IDEAL DETONATION

TWO-PART SIMPLE MODEL

200 μs tensile hoop stresses

at 3-5 borehole radii

400 μs tensile stresses occur

at the borehole wall

TWO-PART SIMPLE MODEL

ENERGY PARTITION

EXPLOSIVE ISENTROPE

PARAMETER STUDY

ENERGY BALANCE OF PRODUCTION BLASTS AT

NORDKALK’S KLINTHAGEN QUARRY

Henrik Grind

Nordkalk Storugns AB

F Ouchterlony

U Nyberg

M Olsson

Swebrec

at LTU

I Bergqvist

L Granlund

Dyno Nobel

BLAST ENERGY BALANCE - 3

Components of blast energy balance:

• Losses in hole 60 - 30 %

• Losses in rock 20 - 40 %

• Kinetic energy 10 - 20 %

• Seismic energy 5 - 10 %

• Fragm. energy 0.1 - 2 %

SveBeFo

Swebrec

• Specifics of explosive behavior are important

• Equilibrium pressure controls movement

• Blastability

• Time-scales and energy

1 µs Detonation

500 µs Equilibrium

10 ms Gas venting

1 s Muckpile

SIMPLE MODEL CONCLUSIONS

OVERVIEW

Near-fielddetonationcrushing

Brittle latticestress wavefragmentationmovement and muckpile

Gas productthrowgas venting

Overview

INPUT

Rock Propertieselasticshear and tensile strength

Jointing and LayeringDFN importgeological seams

Calibration Parametersequilibrium pressuretensile strength scale

INPUT

Blast geometryblasthole layoutBench or drift shape

Explosivetypenon-ideal data

Stress conditionsorientationmagnitude

OUTPUT

UNDERGROUND BLASTING – SLC CONFINED BLASTING

SMALL SCALE VALIDATION

University of Leoben (Reichholf 2003)

Italo Onederra, University of Queensland

LKAB, Swebrec, Finn Ouchterlony, Danial Johansson

SMALL SCALE VALIDATION

Steve Iverson and Bill Hustrulid

NIOSH COLLABORATIONItalo Onederra, University of Queensland

FIELD SCALE MODELING

MODELO FÍSICO DE UNA REACCIÓN DE DETONACIÓN DE UN

EXPLOSIVO EN UN MACIZO ROCOSO