w30: april 7-11, 2014 week 30. monday, april 7 a new unit ▫southwest and central asia chapter 17...
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Monday, April 7
•A NEW UNIT▫Southwest and Central Asia
Chapter 17 – Eastern Mediterranean Read Chapter 17, Section 1 with a partner Complete the vocabulary and notes
independently
•Homework:▫Worksheet▫Quiz on Wednesday
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanPHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
The Eastern Mediterranean, a region with a dry climate and valuable resources, sits in the middle of three continents.
Read Chapter 17, Section 1 and complete the notes independently.
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanTURKEY
Many sites in Turkey reflect the country’s long and diverse cultural history. Throughout the country you will find the ruins of ancient Greek temples and Roman palaces. You can also see magnificent early Christian buildings and art, as well as palaces and mosques of Ottoman rulers.
Tuesday, April 8
•Asia Unit▫Southwest and Central Asia
Chapter 17, Section 2 TURKEY
•Homework:▫Quiz on Wednesday
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanTURKEY
8000 years ago – early farming villages
Invasions Romans ▪ Byzantium became Constantinople▪ Major trade route between Europe and
Asia▪ Later became capital of Byzantine
Empire Seljuk Turks (1000s AD)▪ Central Asia nomads
Ottoman Turks (1453)▪ Made Constantinople their capital
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanTURKEY
Ottoman Empire 1500s-1600s – Very powerful Territory included northern Africa,
southwestern Asia, and southeastern Europe
WW1, the Ottomans fought on the losing side and lost most of their territories.
Military officers then took over▪ Mustafa Ataturk – Later Kemal Ataturk
(Father of Turks)▪ Created the democratic nation of Turkey▪ Moved the capital to Ankara▪ Changed Constantinople to Istanbul
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanTURKEY
Modern Turkey Kemal Ataturk▪ 1st president of Turkey▪ Modernized Turkey▪ Separated all aspects of Islam from Turkey’s
government▪ Closed Islamic schools▪ Turkish people encouraged to wear Western dress
and adopt surnames Banned the “fez” hat and required European-
styled hats Women urged to stop wearing veils
▪ Women encouraged to vote, work, and hold office▪ Replaced the Arabic alphabet with the Latin
alphabet
▪ Adopted the metric system
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanTURKEY
People Mostly ethnic Turks Kurds are the largest minority and make up 20%
Culture Reflects Ataturk’s changes ▪ He created a cultural split between Turkey’s urban
middle class and rural villagers▪ Most middle class Turks have much in common with the
European middle class▪ Rural Turks are more traditional.
Islam strongly influences their attitudes on matters (role of women in society)
Food: ▪ Olives, vegetables, cheese, yogurt, and
bread▪ Kababs – grilled meats on a skewer
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanTURKEY
Turkey Today Istanbul – Turkey’s largest city &
economic bridge to Europe Government▪ Legislature is called the National Assembly▪ President and Prime Minister share power
▪ Most people are Muslim, but Turkey is a secular state▪ Religion is kept separate from government.▪ Example: the religion of Islam allows a man to
have up to four wives, but by Turkish law a man is permitted to have just one wife
▪ Currently, Islamic political parties are trying to increase Islam’s role in Turkish society.
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanTURKEY
Economy Member of the European Union Increased trade with Europe Includes modern factories as well as farming and craft-
making▪ Industries – textile and clothing, cement, and electronics▪ 40% of the labor force works in agriculture▪ Grains, cotton, sugar beets, hazelnuts
Resources Oil, coal, iron ore Water – very valuable▪ PROBLEM: Turkey has spent billions on building dams to
increase water supply, causing restricted water flow to neighboring countries
Wednesday, April 9
•Quiz
•Asia Unit▫Southwest and Central Asia
Chapter 17, Section 3 ISRAEL
•Homework:▫Retake of Quiz due by 4/16
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanISRAEL
Modern Israel was formed in 1948. Since then immigrants from many parts of the world have made the population of Israel very diverse. Many Jews emigrated to Israel from Russia and Eastern European countries.
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanISRAEL
History Home to 3 of the world’s major religions▪ Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
Holy Land ▪ Hebrews – ancestors of the Jews▪ Established kingdom of Israel 3000 years ago▪ Covered the same area as modern day Israel
▪ Romans – conquered “Palestine” in 60s BC ▪ After many revolts, the Romans forced the Jews
top leave. This was called the Diaspora.
▪ Arabs – conquered “Palestine” in 600s▪ 1000s-late 1200s – Crusades▪ Conquered city of Jerusalem▪ Eventually Crusaders pushed out▪ Part of the Ottoman Empire▪ Then under British control after WW1
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanISRAEL
Creation of Israel Zionism▪ 1948 Jewish leaders
declared Palestine the nation of Israel
▪ Arab Palestinians living in Palestine and the Arab countries surrounded Israel were opposed to this and invaded.
▪ Very short war with Israel defeating the Arab armies
▪ Many Palestinians fled to neighboring countries.
▪ Disputes continue to occur
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanISRAEL
Israel today Continuing problems with neighboring
countries Government
Prime Minister and parliament called the Knesset
Strong military▪ At 18 – most men and women must serve at
least one year Economy
Modern and diverse High-tech equipment and diamonds for
export Increased food production by irrigating
farmland Tourists!!
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanISRAEL
Israel Today Most of the population lives in
cities▪ Tel Aviv – 2 Million people
80% are Jewish, the rest mostly Arab▪ ¾ of Israeli Arabs are Muslim, some
are Christian Jewish population from all over
the world – few arrive speaking Hebrew▪ Government offers language classes▪ Languages include Hebrew and
Arabic – both official languages
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanISRAEL
Israel Today Culture▪ Holidays▪ Sabbath – holy day (Saturdays)▪ Yom Kippur (fall)▪ Passover (spring)
▪ Food▪ Important part of Jewish culture▪ Kosher
No pork or shellfish No mixing of meat and milk
products
▪ Rural Settlements▪ 100,000 Israeli Jews live in
Kibbutzim
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanISRAEL
Palestinian Territory▪ 1967 – Six Day War: Israel
captured Gaza, the West Bank, and East Jerusalem
▪ Since then – fights have been constant
Gaza▪ Small, crowded coastal area▪ No resources – citrus fruit is
grown in irrigated fields▪ Unemployment▪ Many travel to Israel to work
West Bank▪ 2.4 million▪ Rural area but has 3 large
cities▪ Economy based on agriculture▪ Currently home to Jewish
settlements that Palestinians consider an invasion of their land
▪ Constant tension between Arabs and Israelis
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanISRAEL
Palestinian Territory East Jerusalem▪ Israel’s capital▪ Holy sites to Jews,
Christians, and Muslims
▪ Different neighborhoods
▪ Palestinians claimed it as their capital, but it was annexed by Israel in 1980
▪ Israel moved its capital here from Tel Aviv even though this is not recognized by most countries
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanISRAEL
Future of Territories 1990s, Israel agreed to turn
over parts of the territories to the Palestinians
The Palestinian Authority agreed to work for peace
In 2005, Israel transferred Gaza to the P.A.
Some Israelis concerned that withdrawing from the territories leaves them open for attack
Ongoing terrorism continues.
2013 article March 2014 Israeli News
Thursday, April 10
•Quiz Handout
•Asia Unit▫Southwest and Central Asia
Chapter 17, Section 4 SYRIA, LEBANON, JORDAN
•Homework:▫Quiz on Thursday, April 17
HAPPY BIRTHDAY…Cathleen
Zbylut- 2
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanSYRIA, LEBANON, JORDAN
The histories of Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan have been tangled together since the countries gained independence in the 1940s. Syria is a large nation with a strong military that has often dominated Lebanon’s political life. Other conflicts in the region have also spilled over into Lebanon.
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanSYRIA, LEBANON, JORDAN
Syria Damascus – Capital and
oldest continuously inhabited city in the world. ▪ Leading regional trade
center Part of the Ottoman
Empire in 1500s France controlled Syria
after WW1 Became independent in
1940s
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanSYRIA, LEBANON, JORDAN
Syria’s History & Government 1971-2000 – dictator Hafiz al-Assad
Increased the size of the military in order to match Israel’s military strength and protect his rule
2000 – Bashar (son of al-Assad) was elected president. Seven year term, 2007 – re-elected Goal: to improve the economy
Socialist government Country owns oil refineries, large
electrical plants, railroads, and some factories
Key manufactured goods: textiles, food products, and chemicals
Small deposits of oil and natural gas Rich in iron ore, basalt, and phosphates
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanSYRIA, LEBANON, JORDAN
Ancient Syria Ruins of
ancient Roman trading centers
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanSYRIA, LEBANON, JORDAN
Syria’s People Population of 18 million 90% Arab, other 10%
are Kurds and Armenians
74% are Sunni Muslim, 16% Druze and Alawites, 10% are Christian. Some small Jewish communities
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanSYRIA, LEBANON, JORDAN
Lebanon Small mountainous country Mediterranean coast
Lebanon’s History Ottoman Empire Different ethnic minority
groups and religious groups settled here
After ww1 – France controlled Gained independence in 1940s French influence▪ Arabic is official language▪ Many Lebanese also speak French
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanSYRIA, LEBANON, JORDAN
Lebanon’s People Arab Divided by religion –
Muslim or Christian which are further divided▪ Muslims – Sunni, Shia, and
Druze▪ Christians – Maronites are
largest of the Christian groups in the country
Muslims are the majority religious group in Lebanon
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanSYRIA, LEBANON, JORDAN
Lebanon’s Civil War & Today After independence – Christians
and Muslims shared power▪ Certain government positions were
held by different religious groups▪ Example: President was always a
Maronite Cooperation broke down, tensions
mounted Many Palestinian refugees flooded
into Lebanon Ethnic and religious groups armed
themselves and fights broke out 1970s – 1990 Beirut – capital, badly damaged Industry – food processing,
textiles, chemicals, cement, and jewelry-making
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanSYRIA, LEBANON, JORDAN
Jordan Short history full of conflict Few resources Powerful neighbors
History & Government Created after WW1 Controlled by British and named
Arab prince as the monarch 1940s – fully independent Population was small▪ Nomadic or semi-nomadic life▪ Many Palestinian Arab refugees
moved here 1952-1999 King Hussein ruled Democratic reforms in the
1990s
Chapter 17: Eastern MediterraneanSYRIA, LEBANON, JORDAN
Jordan’s People & Resources Many are Bedouins – Arabic
speaking nomads who mostly live in the deserts of SW Asia
Resources – phosphates, cement, and potash
Farmers grow fruits, vegetables and raise sheep and goats
Water shortage is a concern Banking and tourism are
important Relies on economic aid from
oil-rich Arab nations and the US Amman – largest city and
capital
Friday, April 11
HAPPY BIRTHDAY…Shiva Medler - 1
On Saturday …Jack Kastor – 7Cierra McFerrin - 7•Asia Unit
▫Southwest and Central Asia Chapter 18, Section 1 – The Arabian
Peninsula Read Chapter 18, Section 1 with a partner Complete the vocabulary and notes
independently
•Homework:▫Quiz on Thursday, April 17
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