water resource ppt
Post on 14-Apr-2017
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MADATSST &
MUKUND INGLE
PRESENT
WATER RESOURCE
Mr. Mukund B. Ingle
WATER – Some Facts & Figures
96.5% is present in the from sea water. 2.5% is present as fresh water. 70% of fresh water is present in the form ice and
glaciers. India receives 4% of world’s precipitation. 1,897 sp. Km per annum is renewable water
resource in India. By 2025, large parts of India will face acute water
shortage.
CAUSES OF WATER SCARCITY
Natural Cause: Due to some climatic reasons, there is less or no rainfall. Excessive use of Water: People use and waste water excessively Urbanization: Growing up of cities in last century has increased the
demand of water too much. Industrialization: The huge demand of water from industries has divided
the use of water Agriculture: As population increased, the demand of food grew and
burdened the water resource. Pollution: Due to industrial and domestic waste, rivers are being
polluted and increasing health hazard.
DAMS
A dam is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs, directs or retards the flow, often creating a reservoir, lake or impoundment.
Dams are classified according to structure, intended purpose or height.
Based on structure and the materials used, dams are classified as timber dams, embankment dams or masonry dams, with several subtypes.
According to the height, dams can be categorized as large dams and major dams or alternatively as low dams, medium height dams and high dams.
MULTI-PURPOSE PROJECTS
Built with more advance technologies and materials.
Fulfill more than one or two purposes. They are comparatively big and large in
size.
BENEFITS OF MULTI-PUPOSE PROJECTS Serve as water storage Provide water for agriculture Help for fish-breeding Work as water transportation Water reservoir can be used as tourist spot as they attract birds. Hydro-Electricity.
Multi-purpose projects, launched after Independence with their integrated water resources management approach, were thought of as the vehicle that would lead the nation to development and progress, overcoming the handicap of its colonial past.
So Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaimed the dams as the ‘temples of modern India’.
DISADVANTAGES OF MULTI-PURPOSE PROJECTS
Displacement of people Deforestation Sedimentation Back water floods Water bond diseases Changing crop pattern
▪ So in recent years, multi-purpose projects and large dams have come under great scrutiny and opposition for a variety of reasons.
RAINWATER HARVESTING
It means that storing or releasing rain water direct to underground water.
Ancient Examples: ‘Guls’ or ‘Kuls’ (Hilly Areas) Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting (Rajasthan) Inundation Channels ( Flood Plains Areas) ‘Khadins’ and Johads’ (Jaisalmer and some parts
of Rajasthan)
RAINWATER HARVESTING
Tanka System: Semi arid regions of Rajasthan – Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer Size – 6.1 meters deep, 4.27 meters long and 2.44 meters wide. Built inside the house or country yard, well connected to rain
water falling on the roof through pipes. First water is not collected due to cleaning purpose. Water stored
in these tankas is called ‘Palar pani’ means pure water. Many houses constructed underground rooms adjoining the
‘tanka’ to beat the summer heat as it would keep the room cool. Tamil Nadu is the state that made rain water harvesting system
compulsory to all houses.
RAINWATER HARVESTING
Bamboo Drip Irrigation System: In Meghalaya, more than 200 years old system. Carried through bamboo pipes and given to plants Water is carried from high to low altitude from
perennial springs. The flow of water into the pipes is controlled by
manipulating pipe position. If pipes pass the road, they are taken high from the
roads.
THANK YOU
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