DNA TEST REVIEW
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?!
Goal: Reach $1,000,000•4 teams of 7-8 students This is your “audience” when you use a life-line.
•Each person on each team will answer the given question individually.
•If you are stuck, you can use a life-line. Each team gets 4 life-lines:•2 “phone a friend” choose someone on your team to bail you out
•2 “ask the audience” discuss with your entire team the correct answer
•Each Q you answer correctly, you earn a level on the board.
•If you answer incorrectly, you move down a level on the board.
•Goal is to reach $1,000,000
PRIZES1 - $1002 - $2003 - $5004 - $1,0005 - $2,0006 - $4,0007 - $6,0008 - $8,0009- $10,00010- $20,000
11 - $30,00012 - $50,00013 - $75,00014 - $100,00015 - $200,00016 - $350,00017 - $500,00018 - $750,00019 - $900,00020 - $1,000,000
What is the term for a nucleotide triplet (3 bases ) on mRNA?
CODON
DNA or RNA?
Contains Uracil
RNA
DNA or RNA
Single stranded
RNA
DNA or RNA
Contains G &C
BOTH
DNA or RNA
Cannot leave nucleus
DNA
Where does translation take place?
RIBOSOME
If DNA has 40% A, how much (%) C will it contain?
10% C + 10% G40% A = 40% T
Which enzyme adds new RNA nucleotides to DNA template strand to make mRNA?
RNA POLYMERASE
What is the first step of protein synthesis?
TRANSCRIPTION
What is created during translation?
AMINO ACIDS (PROTEINS)
Term for the copying of DNA?
DNA REPLICATION
What is the term for spontaneous changes in the DNA sequence?
MUTATIONS
When DNA is copied, each daughter helix will contain what % of original DNA?
50% ORIGINAL50 % NEW
What is the term for a mutation that results from an insertion of an extra base?
FRAMESHIFT
How many nucleotides are necessary to code for 2 amino acids?
6 NUCLEOTIDES (2 CODONS)
Which enzyme unzips DNA during DNA replication?
DNA HELICASE
Which enzyme adds new DNA nucleotides to the old DNA template strand?
DNA POLYMERASE
Which enzyme unzips DNA during protein synthesis?
RNA POLYMERASE
What type of mutation describes a change from TAC TAG to TAC TA_?
FRAMESHIFT (DELETION)
What is created during transcription?
mRNA
What do anti-codons bind to?
CODONS ON MRNA
What is the sugar found in RNA?
RIBOSE
Fill in the blank:
DNA RNA _______ Trait
PROTEIN
Do both prokaryotes & eukaryotes carry out translation in the ribosome?
YES
What is the monomer/subunit of DNA & RNA?
NUCLEOTIDE
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
PHOSPHATE, 5-C SUGAR & A NITROGENOUS BASE
What is the sugar found in DNA?
DEOXYRIBOSE
On what molecule are anti-codons found?
TRNA
What type of bonds connect the sugars and phosphates in DNA?
COVALENT BONDS
How many bases make up 1 anti-codon?
3 BASES
What is the role of tRNA & anti-codons?
TO CARRY AMINO ACIDS TO THE RIBOSOME
How does the ribosome know which amino acid to call for?
READS THE CODON ON MRNA & CALLS FOR MATCHING ANTI-
CODON
Where does transcription take place?
NUCLEUS
If mRNA: AUC UUADNA: ?
DNA: TAG AAT
What is the process shown here?
TRANSLATION
What is the mRNA codon complementary to?
tRNA anti-codon
What type of bonds hold connect the 2 strands of DNA?
HYDROGEN BONDS
What are the building blocks of proteins that are connected during translation?
AMINO ACIDS
Where is rRNA found?
IN RIBOSOMES
Term for artificially created DNA from 2 different sources?
RECOMBINANT DNA
What is the term for proteins that DNA wraps around?
HISTONES
What is B?
AMINO ACID
What is the term for substances that cause mutations?
MUTAGEN
What types of cells undergo protein synthesis?
ALL CELLS (even prokaryotes)
Do prokaryotes carry out transcription in the nucleus?
NO (THEY LACK A NUCLEUS)
What is the term for DNA that is wrapped around proteins?
CHROMOSOME
What is a type of mutation where the DNA changes but the resulting amino acid does not?
SILENT MUTATION
What makes up the backbone of DNA?
SUGAR AND PHOSPHATES
Are all genes expressed all the time? Explain.
No. When they are not needed, they are “turned off”.
Do codons code for only 1 amino acid? Can multiple codons code for the same amino acid?MULTIPLE CODONS CODE FOR SAME AMINO ACID
What is A?
Protein or polypepti
de
What type of bond connects amino acids together?
PEPTIDE BOND
Term for cutting genes from one organism and inserting into another organism’s DNA?
GENE SPLICING
Inserting genes into patients to treat diseases (replace faulty disease causing DNA)
GENE THERAPY
Placing a cloned embryo into organism’s uterus to grow a new individual?REPRODUCTIVE CLONING
Growing newly cloned embryo in a petri dish without implanting into a uterus
THERAPEUTIC CLONING
Running an electric current through DNA samples to determine an individual’s DNA pattern
DNA FINGERPRINTING
How many DNA molecules are created during DNA replication?2 IDENTICAL MOLECULES OF DNA
What % of 1 DNA molecule created during replication is considered “new” DNA?
50% New 50% old
Term for mutation that originally coded for an amino acid which now codes for a STOP codon?
NONSENSE MUTATION
Term for allowing only organisms with certain traits to reproduce to give desired offspring
SELECTIVE BREEDING (ARTIFICIAL SELECTION)
How many TOTAL strands are seen at the end of DNA replication?
4 DNA strands
What is the term for multiple amino acids together?
POLYPEPTIDE
What does GMO stand for?
GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM