women’s health in the u.s. · 27 lupus: the great imitator lupus is a widespread chronic...

Women’s Health in the U.S.

Frances E. Ashe-Goins RN, MPH

Associate Director for Partnerships and Programs

The findings and conclusions in this presentation are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Office on Women’s Health.

2

U.S. Population

281.4 million people in the US

29.5% are of racial or ethnic minority groups

143.4 million (50.9%) are female

42.1 million women (29.3%) are minority

3

Racial and Ethnic Numbers for Women

White – 75.1% (221.5 million)

Hispanic/Latino – 13.3% (38.8 million)

African American/Black - 13% (36.4 million)

Asian American – 4.2% (11.9 million)

American Indian and Alaska Native – .9% to 1.5%

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander – .3% (874,000)

4

Status of Women’s Health: Leading Causes of Death

1. Heart disease

2. Cancer

3. Stroke

4. Chronic lung diseases

5. Alzheimer’s disease

6. Unintentional injuries

7. Diabetes

8. Influenza and pneumonia

9. Kidney disease

10. Septicemia

4

5

Life Expectancy

Female infants born in 2007:

– Life expectancy is 80 years

– White females 81 years vs. 77 years for Black females

Male infants life expectancy is 75 years; the gap between the sexes have decreased from 8 to 5 years from 1975 to 2007.

6

Change in Female Mortality by County, 1992–2006

6

Source: Kindig & Cheng, Health Affairs 2013

7 7

Male

Female

Source: Kindig & Cheng, Health Affairs 2013

8

Leading Causes of Death

All women African-American

women

1. Heart Disease 2. All cancers 3. Stroke 4. Chronic lower respiratory

diseases 5. Diabetes 6. Flu & pneumonia 7. Alzheimer’s disease 8. Accidents 9. Kidney Disease 10. Septicemia

1. Heart Disease 2. All Cancers 3. Stroke 4. Diabetes 5. Kidney disease 6. Accidents 7. Chronic lower respiratory

disease 8. Septicemia 9. Flu & pneumonia 10. HIV

9

Leading Causes of Death All women Hispanic American &

Latina Women

1. Heart Disease

2. All cancers

3. Stroke

4. Chronic lower respiratory diseases

5. Diabetes

6. Flu & pneumonia

7. Alzheimer’s disease

8. Accidents

9. Kidney Disease

10. Septicemia

1. Heart Disease

2. All cancers

3. Stroke

4. Diabetes

5. Accidents

6. Flu & pneumonia

7. Chronic lower respiratory diseases

8. Perinatal conditions

9. Chronic liver disease & cirrhosis

10. Kidney disease

10

Leading Causes of Death All women American Indian &

Native American women

1. Heart Disease

2. All cancers

3. Stroke

4. Chronic lower respiratory diseases

5. Diabetes

6. Flu & pneumonia

7. Alzheimer’s disease

8. Accidents

9. Kidney Disease

10. Septicemia

1. Heart Disease

2. All cancers

3. Accidents

4. Diabetes

5. Stroke

6. Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis

7. Chronic lower respiratory diseases

8. Flu & pneumonia

9. Kidney disease

10. Septicemia

11

Leading Causes of Death All women Asian American, Pacific

Islander & Native Hawaiian women (API/NH)

1. Heart Disease

2. All cancers

3. Stroke

4. Chronic lower respiratory diseases

5. Diabetes

6. Flu & pneumonia

7. Alzheimer’s disease

8. Accidents

9. Kidney Disease

10. Septicemia

1. All cancers

2. Heart Disease

3. Stroke

4. Accidents

5. Diabetes

6. Flu & pneumonia

7. Chronic lower respiratory disease

8. Kidney disease

9. Hypertension

10. Septicemia

12

Risk Factors for Disease

Tobacco Use is the single most cause of death and disease in the US.

Obesity

Physical Inactivity

Alcohol /Illicit Drug Use

13

Health concerns - Self report

Heart disease – leading cause of death

Stroke death rates

Diabetes

Cancer Mortality

HIV/AIDS/STIs

Psychiatric Disorders- Depression and Suicide

HIV/AIDS About 1.1 million people in the United States were living with HIV at the end of 2009, the most recent year this information was available. Of those people, about 18% do not know they are infected.

Intimate Partner Violence

20

Intimate Partner Violence

On average, 24 people per minute are victims of rape, physical violence, or stalking by an intimate partner in the United States, based on a survey conducted in 2010. Over the course of a year, that equals more than 12 million women and men. Those numbers only tell part of the story—more than 1 million women are raped in a year and over 6 million women and men are victims of stalking in a year.

30% of women experience IPV during their lifetime

IPV occurs among women of all socio-economic statuses (SES)

21

What is Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)?

• The term “intimate partner violence” describes physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner or spouse. This type of violence can occur among heterosexual or same-sex couples and does not require sexual intimacy. (Centers for

Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control )

22

IPV

• Women are disproportionally affected by sexual violence, intimate partner violence and stalking

• Female victims of intimate partner violence experienced different patterns of violence than male victims

• The majority of victimization starts early in life

23

2012 National Census of Domestic Violence Services

Participating local domestic violence programs 86%

Victims Served in One Day 64,324

Unmet Requests for Services 10,471

Hotline Calls Answered 20,821

Educated in Prevention and Education Trainings

25,182

Unmet needs were for housing 65%

24

Actions

Be Aware

Report suspected abuse in family members and friends--be supportive !

Call 1-800-799-SAFE

Check for services in your community

Collaborate with organizations that address family and intimate violence

A National Campaign to Promote Lupus Awareness

26

Lupus Data

Prevalence estimates vary widely, and range as high as 1,500,000 (Lupus Foundation of America). A recent study (Helmick, CG, et. al.)estimated a 2005 prevalence of 161,000 with definite SLE and 322,000 with definite or probable SLE.

27

Lupus: The Great Imitator

Lupus is a widespread chronic autoimmune disease significantly impacting minority women ages 15-44.

Causes the immune system to attack the body’s own

tissue and organs These include the joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, brains,

blood and/or skin The immune system loses its ability to tell the

difference between itself and foreign tissue

28

Steps Towards Positive Health

Family Health History Heart Disease Healthy diet Exercise & fitness Monitor cholesterol Take time for yourself/reduce stress Stroke Get blood pressure checked regularly Stop smoking Healthy diet/more vegetables and fruit Exercise

29

Diabetes

Get screened

Exercise regularly

Eat healthy foods

Kidney Disease

Get blood pressure checked regularly

Check urinalysis for proteins

30

Cancers Get a mammogram/colonoscopy Regular physical examinations/screenings Stop smoking HIV/AIDS/STIs Know the risk factors and educate your family Avoid activities that increase the risk of transmission Provide support for those infected and affected Get tested

The Office on Women’s Health

The findings and conclusions in this presentation are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Office on Women’s Health.

Improving the Health of Women and Girls

32

OWH Vision

All women and girls achieve the best possible health.

OWH Mission

The Office on Women’s Health provides national leadership and coordination to improve the health of women and girls through policy, education, and model programs.

33

OWH helps women across the lifespan with many initiatives and programs.

34

How to Connect with OWH:

facebook.com/HHSOWH

twitter.com/womenshealth

twitter.com/SaludDLaMujer

youtube.com/WomensHealthGov

35

How to Connect with OWH:

facebook.com/girlshealth

twitter.com/girlshealth

36

Thought for Today

“If we wait for the moment when everything is ready, we will never begin” - Ivan Turgenev

“All the strength you need to achieve anything, is within you” – Sara Henderson

37

Contact Information

Frances E. Ashe-Goins RN, MPH

Associate Director for Partnerships and Programs

U.S. HHS- OWH

200 Independence Avenue, SW # 728E

Washington, DC 20201

202-690-6373; fax 202-401-4005

frances.ashe-goins@hhs.gov