world intellectual property organization madrid system for the international registration of marks...

World Intellectual

Property Organization

Madrid System for the International Registration of Marks

Basic Features and Recent Developments

Mr. Yves NgoubeyouSenior Information Officer

Information and Promotion DivisionInternational Registrations Department

Sector of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications

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Objectives and Principles

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A Global Trademark Registration System

• Facilitating trademark protection in export marketsthrough a simple, expeditious and cost-effectiveprocedure for:

− the central filing of applications

− the central management of registrations

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Direct Filing Route / Madrid Route

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National (direct) route vs. Madrid (inter.) route

Different procedures Only one procedure

Different languages One language 1 of 3 (E/F/S)

Different fees in local One set of fees in CHcurrencies (exchange–rateimplications)

Management of IRs:

Recording of changes One procedure in respect of all countries

(in each separate country a different procedure)

Representative required Representative required only in case of

from outset refusal

Advantages of the Madrid System

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Main Principles

• An additional route

• An optional route

• A closed system

• One registration - a bundle of rights

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Legal Framework and Geographical Scope

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Legal Framework

• Madrid Agreement (1891)latest revised in 1979

• Madrid Protocol (1989) as in force from September 1, 2008

• Common Regulationsas in force from September 1, 2008

• Administrative Instructionsas in force from January 1, 2008

• Law and Regulations of each Contracting Party-procedural System

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Madrid Union84 members

Agreement only 6Protocol only 28

Agreement and Protocol 50(Including EC)

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Madrid Union

4339

3225 22

18 16 14 13 11 11 9 7 6

1525 29 34 36 38 41 45 45 48 50 50

57

911

15 18 1820

21 22 23 24 28

37

2

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Agreement Agreement and Protocol Protocol

1996-2008

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Madrid Union

78 PROTOCOL Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Denmark, Estonia, European Community, Finland, France, Georgia, Ghana, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Zambia

underlined = Agreement also6 AGREEMENT ONLY

Algeria, Egypt, Kazakhstan, Liberia, Sudan, Tajikistan

http://www.wipo.int/madrid/en/members/ipoffices_info.html

Sept 2008

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Basic Principles

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Basic Principles

• A need for a basic application or basic registration (“basic mark”) in a CP of the Madrid System

• Attachment necessary between the owner and that CP: establishment, domicile, or nationality

• IA must designate one or more other CPs with common treaty

• Indirect filing through OO

• A time limit for refusal

• Possibility of subsequent designation (SD)

• IR is dependent on basic mark for 5 years

• 10-year term of protection

• Centralized management of IR

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Entitlement to File an International Application

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Someone …

• Natural Person

• Legal Entity

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… who has a connection …

• Real and Effective Industrial or Commercial Establishment (“Establishment”)

• Domicile

• Nationality

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… with a Member of the Madrid Union

• Contracting State– Establishment or domicile within territory

of State– National of State

• Contracting Organization– Establishment or domicile within territory

of Contracting Organization– National of a Member State of Contracting

Organization– Individual Member States of Contracting

Organization do not have to be party to the Agreement or Protocol

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Comparison

Agreement Protocol

Members States States/Organizations

Basic right Basic registration Basic registration/application

Entitlement Cascade No cascade

Fees Supplementary and Or individual fee option

complementary

Refusal 12 months Or 18 months or 18+ months (opposition) options

Dependency 5 years 5 years with possible transformation

Subsequent Indirect filing Indirect or direct filing

designations

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Link with the CTM

• Obtaining CTM through IR but only under the Protocol

• Base an IA on a CTM-OHIM as Office of Origin

• New features in the Common Regulations:– indication of a second language (one of the 5 official EU

languages), where EC is designated– claim of a seniority (MM17)– possibility of opting-back in case the designation of the EC

drops before OHIM (conversion into Madrid designations)

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Types of International Applications

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Governed by Agreement and Protocolsome designations made under Agreementsome designations made under Protocol

Governed exclusively by Protocolall designations made under Protocol

Rule 1(viii):

Rule 1(ix):

Rule 1(x):

Governed exclusively by Agreementall designations made under Agreement

MM3

MM2

MM1

Types of Applications

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MM1

Why is this type of international application governed exclusively by the Agreement?

Aor

Algeria

Liberia

ASudan

A

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MM1

Why is this type of international application governed exclusively by the Agreement?

Aor

Sudan

Liberia

AFrance

AP

A

AA

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MM1 - Requirements

Office of Origin:Filing basis:

Form:Language:

Cascade applies - Article 1(3) of the AgreementBasic RegistrationMM1English, French or Spanish

Each Designation

Supplemental + Complementary12 months

Fees:Refusal Period:

International Application

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MM2

Why is this type of international application governed exclusively by the Protocol?

AP or

Vietnam

APFrance

PDenmark

P

AAP

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MM2 - Requirements

Cascade does not applyBasic Registration or Basic ApplicationMM2French, English or Spanish

Each Designation

Supplemental + Complementary, or Individual12 months, or 18 months or 18+ months

Fees:Refusal Period:

International Application

Office of Origin:Filing basis:

Form:Language:

* Madrid Protocol, Article 9sexies

If AP AP: “ … a declaration made under Article 5(2)(b), Article 5(2)(c) or Article 8(7) of the Protocol ... shall have no effect ...”

**

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MM3

Why is this type of international application governed by the Agreement and Protocol?

APFrance

A

AP

AP

Belarus

Sudan

Switzerland

P

A

P

AP

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MM3 - Requirements

Cascade applies - Article 1(3) of the AgreementBasic RegistrationMM3English, French or Spanish

Each Designation under the Agreement

Supplemental + Complementary, or Individual12 months, or 18 months, or 18+ months

Supplemental + Complementary12 months

Fees:Refusal Period:

Fees:Refusal Period:

Each Designation under the Protocol

International Application

Office of Origin:Filing basis:

Form:Language:

* Madrid Protocol, Article 9sexies

If AP AP: “ … a declaration made under Article 5(2)(b), Article 5(2)(c) or Article 8(7) of the Protocol ... shall have no effect ...”

**

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Repeal of the Safeguard Clause

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• Extraordinary power to the Assembly to restrict or repeal the SC

• Review by Madrid Working Group • Met 4 times 2005-2007• Recommended a repeal of the SC

• Assembly adopted amendment• Entry into force is September 1, 2008

Review of the SC

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MM1

Pre-September 1, 2008 Safeguard Clause – no application in

this example:

A

A

Aor

France

Liberia

AP

ASudan

A

i.e., an ‘Agreement-only’ filing

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Pre-September 1, 2008 Application of the Safeguard Clause :

A

AAP

Aor

Vietnam

AP

AFrance

Madrid Protocol, Article 9sexies

(“Safeguard Clause”)

“. . . the provisions of this Protocol shall have no effect . . .”

Sudan

i.e., still an ‘Agreement-only’ filing

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MM3

APFrance

P

A

A

A

P

APDenmark

APEgypt

Switzerland

Pre-September 1, 2008 Application of the Safeguard Clause

A ‘mixed’ (A+P) filing

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‘Agreement-only’ Filings and ‘Mixed’ Filings

Applicants must :

• Observe the ‘cascade’• Have a basic registration in the Office of

origin

- Common Regulations Rule 9(5)

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New Article 9sexiesSeptember 1, 2008

(1)(a) « This Protocol alone shall be applicable as regards the mutual relations of States party to both this Protocol and the Madrid Agreement »

- i.e., AP / AP situations

Note: No change to Rule 9(5) of the Common Regulations !

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Remember:

The basic principle remains unchanged –

Application that is ‘Agreement-only’ or Agreement + Protocol

=

Cascade + Basic Registration

But:

After repeal of Safeguard Clause, this priniciple will be hugely ‘diluted’, because of the consequences of the

repeal.

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A

P !!

AP Aor

Vietnam

AP

A+PFrance

Liberia

From September 1, 2008

This is no longer an ‘Agreement-only’ filing; now a ‘mixed’ (A+P) filing

- So it is still subject to ‘cascade’ + basic registration

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AP

AP

AP

P

France

Italy

Japan

Germany

From September 1, 2008

From Sept. 1, 2008, because of the repeal of the SC,

a filing such as this will no longer be ‘mixed’, but will,

instead be a ‘Protocol-only’ filing

P !!

P !!

P

P !!!

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2008 : Agreement-only States

- Algeria- Egypt- Kazakistan- Liberia- Sudan

- Tajikistan

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em • Rule 6

French, English, Spanish in all new situations (after repeal of SC, only 0.3% of applications will be Agreement-only)

– Exception : transitional situations (Rule 40(4))

• Schedule of Fees– All Standard Fees From 73 to 100 CHF (1st increase since 1996)

All amendments enter into force on September 1

Languages and Fees

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Statistics

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Share within Global Trademark Activity

• Over 200 different national/regional trademark jurisdictions worldwide

• Some 700,000 trademark applications filed by non-residents annually

of which

• Some 350,000 are designations in international registrations (Madrid System)

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Major User Contracting Parties(Applications Filed)

Germany 6,090 7.5% 15.2% 5004 France 3,930 6.1% 9.8% 3205US 3,741 18.8% 9.4% 3172EC 3,371 37.9% 8.4% 3079Italy 2,664 -9.9% 6.7% 2129Switzerland 2,657 7.7% 6.7% 2360Benelux 2,510 -4.9% 6.3% 2037China 1,444 8.7% 3.6% 1298UK 1,178 11.8% 2.9% 1007Japan 984 19.8% 2.6% 1039Morocco 81 -21.8% 0.2% 72Algeria 2 -92.3% 0.05% 2Egypt 15 -31.8% 0.037% 28Kenya 1 -800% 0.01% 4Mozambique 1 - 2Sudan

No. Filings Growth Share Jan-Oct

2008 2007

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Most Designated CPs

Office of Origin 2006 2007 Share Growth Oct-08 China 15,801 16,676 4.5% 5.5% 14,535 Russian Federation 14,432 15,455 4.2% 7.1% United States of America 13,994 14,618 3.9% 4.5% 12,754 Switzerland 14,260 14,528 3.9% 1.9% 12,304 European Community 10,640 12,744 3.4% 19.8% 11,715 Japan 11,844 12,296 3.3% 3.8% 10,414 Germany 8,147 7,184 1.9% -11.8% 5,836 Singapore 6,717 7,005 1.9% 4.3% 6,247 Morocco 4,229 4,194 1.1% -0.8% 3,511 Algeria 2,472 2,411 0.65% -2.5% 2,026 Egypt 3,201 3,141 0.84% -1.9% 2,731 Kenya 1559 1560 0.4% 1,685

Mozambique 1195 1150 0.3% 3.75% 1,040

Sudan 993 1010 0.27% 1.7%0 901

2008

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International Registration Profiles

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International Registrations in Force

International Register contained on June 30,2008

• Some 499,000 registrations in force, representing

• Some 5.5 million active designations, belonging to

• Approx. 164,000 different right holders (many of them SMEs)

• Average number of DCP in an IR - 8.2 CPs • As from January 2008 until October, the

International Bureau received 33,618 applications

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Average Number of Designations 8.4

Average Number of Classes 2.3

Average Fee CHF3,549

All Fees 81%< 5,000 CHF

General Profile 2007

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Trademarks in Force (June 2008)

Trademarksby right-holder

1-2 marks3-10 marks11-100 marks101-500 marks> 500 marks

All

79.75%16.68%

3.38%0.18%0.02%

100.00%

131,41627,483

5,574294

25

164,792

Number ofright-holders

Right-holders(164,792)

Registrationsin force(499,230)

1-2 marks31.71%

11-100 marks26.75% 3-10 marks

25.5%

101-500 marks10.82%

> 500 marks5.22%

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Some Top Users (2007)

Holder CP

HenkelHenkel DEDE

Janssen PharmaceuticaJanssen Pharmaceutica BEBE

NovartisNovartis CHCH

L’OrealL’Oreal FRFR

UnileverUnilever NLNL

Société des Produits Nestlé Société des Produits Nestlé CHCH

Sanofi-AventisSanofi-Aventis FRFR

Siemens Building Technologies Fire & Security Products Siemens Building Technologies Fire & Security Products DEDE

BASFBASF DEDE

ITM Enterprises ITM Enterprises FRFR

BayerBayer DEDE

BIOFARMABIOFARMA FRFR

Richter GedeonRichter Gedeon HUHU

Lidl StiftungLidl Stiftung DEDE

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Communication and Information

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Electronic Communication Constantly Expanding

With Offices of Contracting Parties

– 6 offices (Australia, Benelux, Switzerland, EC, Republic of Korea, US) transmit IAs to IB electronically

– 4 offices (EC, Japan, Russia and US) transmit refusals electronically to the IB

– 4 offices (Australia, Benelux, EC and US) send modifications electronically to the IB

– 48 offices receive various notifications from IB electronically (of these 5 began in 2007 - Bahrain, Botswana, Cyprus, Egypt and Monaco)

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Information Products andServices (1)

Legal Texts and Guide − paper publication − on-line (free of charge)

WIPO Gazette − paper and CD subscription

− on-line (free of charge)

Fee calculator − on-line service (free of charge)

Renewal − on-line service

Madrid Express − on-line database (free access)

Romarin − on-line database (free access)

− DVD subscription (as from Oct 3, 2008 - additional enlarged information

available on Romarin database in relation to the status of a protection of a mark)

http://www.wipo.int/madrid/en/services

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Simulator – is designed to respond specifically to individual needs in

using the Madrid System – at the end of the simulation, it provides you with an

estimated cost of registering your mark

http://www.wipo.int/madrid/en/madrid_simulator/

Information Products andServices (2)

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Information ConcerningProcedures Before IP Offices

• The legal framework of Madrid system includes the national trademark legislations of all Madrid Member states

• In order to improve information concerning this issue, WIPO provides specific information in regard to procedures before IP Offices

– 74 country profiles to date

http://www.wipo.int/madrid/en/members/ipoffices_info.html

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Recent Developments in the Madrid System

• As of Sept. 1, 2009, a statement of grant of protection will be obligatory – improve accessibility of information regarding the fate of IRs

in designated CPs

• Enlarging the language regime – study to be conducted by WIPO for introducing Arabic,

Russian, Chinese and Portuguese as official filing languages

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Recent Accessions

• In the last 5 years 22 new Members joined MP – most recent

– Azerbaijan (P): April 15, 2007– San Marino (P): September 12, 2007– Oman (P): October 16, 2007– Madagascar (P): January 28, 2008– Ghana (P): September 16, 2008– Sao Tome and Principe (P) : December 8, 2008– Bosnia and Herzegovina (P) : January 29, 2009

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Prospective Accessions

• Most promising – Mexico, Israel, Tajikistan(A), Kazakhstan (A), Bosnia and

Herzegovina (A)

• Under consideration – Brazil, Canada, India, Indonesia, New Zealand, Thailand,

Sudan (A), South Africa

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Promoting the Madrid System in LDCs

• In order to improve the ability of trademark owners from LDCs to benefit from the Madrid System, WIPO offers applicants, originating from LDCs, a 90% reduction in the basic fee, since January 1, 2006

– Bhutan, Lesotho, Liberia, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Zambia, Sao Tome and Principe

http://www.wipo.int/ldcs/en/country

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Our Aim at WIPO

Make the Madrid System ever more

• attractive• flexible• user friendly• cost effective

to meet the expectations of

• rights’ holders• representatives• Contracting Parties

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Thank you

yves.ngoubeyou@wipo.int