world intellectual property organization madrid system for the international registration of marks...
TRANSCRIPT
World Intellectual
Property Organization
Madrid System for the International Registration of Marks
Basic Features and Recent Developments
Mr. Yves NgoubeyouSenior Information Officer
Information and Promotion DivisionInternational Registrations Department
Sector of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications
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Objectives and Principles
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A Global Trademark Registration System
• Facilitating trademark protection in export marketsthrough a simple, expeditious and cost-effectiveprocedure for:
− the central filing of applications
− the central management of registrations
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Direct Filing Route / Madrid Route
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National (direct) route vs. Madrid (inter.) route
Different procedures Only one procedure
Different languages One language 1 of 3 (E/F/S)
Different fees in local One set of fees in CHcurrencies (exchange–rateimplications)
Management of IRs:
Recording of changes One procedure in respect of all countries
(in each separate country a different procedure)
Representative required Representative required only in case of
from outset refusal
Advantages of the Madrid System
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Main Principles
• An additional route
• An optional route
• A closed system
• One registration - a bundle of rights
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Legal Framework and Geographical Scope
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Legal Framework
• Madrid Agreement (1891)latest revised in 1979
• Madrid Protocol (1989) as in force from September 1, 2008
• Common Regulationsas in force from September 1, 2008
• Administrative Instructionsas in force from January 1, 2008
• Law and Regulations of each Contracting Party-procedural System
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Madrid Union84 members
Agreement only 6Protocol only 28
Agreement and Protocol 50(Including EC)
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Madrid Union
4339
3225 22
18 16 14 13 11 11 9 7 6
1525 29 34 36 38 41 45 45 48 50 50
57
911
15 18 1820
21 22 23 24 28
37
2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Agreement Agreement and Protocol Protocol
1996-2008
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Madrid Union
78 PROTOCOL Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Denmark, Estonia, European Community, Finland, France, Georgia, Ghana, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Zambia
underlined = Agreement also6 AGREEMENT ONLY
Algeria, Egypt, Kazakhstan, Liberia, Sudan, Tajikistan
http://www.wipo.int/madrid/en/members/ipoffices_info.html
Sept 2008
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Basic Principles
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Basic Principles
• A need for a basic application or basic registration (“basic mark”) in a CP of the Madrid System
• Attachment necessary between the owner and that CP: establishment, domicile, or nationality
• IA must designate one or more other CPs with common treaty
• Indirect filing through OO
• A time limit for refusal
• Possibility of subsequent designation (SD)
• IR is dependent on basic mark for 5 years
• 10-year term of protection
• Centralized management of IR
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Entitlement to File an International Application
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Someone …
• Natural Person
• Legal Entity
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… who has a connection …
• Real and Effective Industrial or Commercial Establishment (“Establishment”)
• Domicile
• Nationality
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… with a Member of the Madrid Union
• Contracting State– Establishment or domicile within territory
of State– National of State
• Contracting Organization– Establishment or domicile within territory
of Contracting Organization– National of a Member State of Contracting
Organization– Individual Member States of Contracting
Organization do not have to be party to the Agreement or Protocol
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Comparison
Agreement Protocol
Members States States/Organizations
Basic right Basic registration Basic registration/application
Entitlement Cascade No cascade
Fees Supplementary and Or individual fee option
complementary
Refusal 12 months Or 18 months or 18+ months (opposition) options
Dependency 5 years 5 years with possible transformation
Subsequent Indirect filing Indirect or direct filing
designations
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Link with the CTM
• Obtaining CTM through IR but only under the Protocol
• Base an IA on a CTM-OHIM as Office of Origin
• New features in the Common Regulations:– indication of a second language (one of the 5 official EU
languages), where EC is designated– claim of a seniority (MM17)– possibility of opting-back in case the designation of the EC
drops before OHIM (conversion into Madrid designations)
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Types of International Applications
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Governed by Agreement and Protocolsome designations made under Agreementsome designations made under Protocol
Governed exclusively by Protocolall designations made under Protocol
Rule 1(viii):
Rule 1(ix):
Rule 1(x):
Governed exclusively by Agreementall designations made under Agreement
MM3
MM2
MM1
Types of Applications
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MM1
Why is this type of international application governed exclusively by the Agreement?
Aor
Algeria
Liberia
ASudan
A
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MM1
Why is this type of international application governed exclusively by the Agreement?
Aor
Sudan
Liberia
AFrance
AP
A
AA
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MM1 - Requirements
Office of Origin:Filing basis:
Form:Language:
Cascade applies - Article 1(3) of the AgreementBasic RegistrationMM1English, French or Spanish
Each Designation
Supplemental + Complementary12 months
Fees:Refusal Period:
International Application
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MM2
Why is this type of international application governed exclusively by the Protocol?
AP or
Vietnam
APFrance
PDenmark
P
AAP
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MM2 - Requirements
Cascade does not applyBasic Registration or Basic ApplicationMM2French, English or Spanish
Each Designation
Supplemental + Complementary, or Individual12 months, or 18 months or 18+ months
Fees:Refusal Period:
International Application
Office of Origin:Filing basis:
Form:Language:
* Madrid Protocol, Article 9sexies
If AP AP: “ … a declaration made under Article 5(2)(b), Article 5(2)(c) or Article 8(7) of the Protocol ... shall have no effect ...”
**
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MM3
Why is this type of international application governed by the Agreement and Protocol?
APFrance
A
AP
AP
Belarus
Sudan
Switzerland
P
A
P
AP
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MM3 - Requirements
Cascade applies - Article 1(3) of the AgreementBasic RegistrationMM3English, French or Spanish
Each Designation under the Agreement
Supplemental + Complementary, or Individual12 months, or 18 months, or 18+ months
Supplemental + Complementary12 months
Fees:Refusal Period:
Fees:Refusal Period:
Each Designation under the Protocol
International Application
Office of Origin:Filing basis:
Form:Language:
* Madrid Protocol, Article 9sexies
If AP AP: “ … a declaration made under Article 5(2)(b), Article 5(2)(c) or Article 8(7) of the Protocol ... shall have no effect ...”
**
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Repeal of the Safeguard Clause
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• Extraordinary power to the Assembly to restrict or repeal the SC
• Review by Madrid Working Group • Met 4 times 2005-2007• Recommended a repeal of the SC
• Assembly adopted amendment• Entry into force is September 1, 2008
Review of the SC
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MM1
Pre-September 1, 2008 Safeguard Clause – no application in
this example:
A
A
Aor
France
Liberia
AP
ASudan
A
i.e., an ‘Agreement-only’ filing
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Pre-September 1, 2008 Application of the Safeguard Clause :
A
AAP
Aor
Vietnam
AP
AFrance
Madrid Protocol, Article 9sexies
(“Safeguard Clause”)
“. . . the provisions of this Protocol shall have no effect . . .”
Sudan
i.e., still an ‘Agreement-only’ filing
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MM3
APFrance
P
A
A
A
P
APDenmark
APEgypt
Switzerland
Pre-September 1, 2008 Application of the Safeguard Clause
A ‘mixed’ (A+P) filing
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‘Agreement-only’ Filings and ‘Mixed’ Filings
Applicants must :
• Observe the ‘cascade’• Have a basic registration in the Office of
origin
- Common Regulations Rule 9(5)
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New Article 9sexiesSeptember 1, 2008
(1)(a) « This Protocol alone shall be applicable as regards the mutual relations of States party to both this Protocol and the Madrid Agreement »
- i.e., AP / AP situations
Note: No change to Rule 9(5) of the Common Regulations !
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Remember:
The basic principle remains unchanged –
Application that is ‘Agreement-only’ or Agreement + Protocol
=
Cascade + Basic Registration
But:
After repeal of Safeguard Clause, this priniciple will be hugely ‘diluted’, because of the consequences of the
repeal.
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A
P !!
AP Aor
Vietnam
AP
A+PFrance
Liberia
From September 1, 2008
This is no longer an ‘Agreement-only’ filing; now a ‘mixed’ (A+P) filing
- So it is still subject to ‘cascade’ + basic registration
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AP
AP
AP
P
France
Italy
Japan
Germany
From September 1, 2008
From Sept. 1, 2008, because of the repeal of the SC,
a filing such as this will no longer be ‘mixed’, but will,
instead be a ‘Protocol-only’ filing
P !!
P !!
P
P !!!
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2008 : Agreement-only States
- Algeria- Egypt- Kazakistan- Liberia- Sudan
- Tajikistan
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em • Rule 6
French, English, Spanish in all new situations (after repeal of SC, only 0.3% of applications will be Agreement-only)
– Exception : transitional situations (Rule 40(4))
• Schedule of Fees– All Standard Fees From 73 to 100 CHF (1st increase since 1996)
All amendments enter into force on September 1
Languages and Fees
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Statistics
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Share within Global Trademark Activity
• Over 200 different national/regional trademark jurisdictions worldwide
• Some 700,000 trademark applications filed by non-residents annually
of which
• Some 350,000 are designations in international registrations (Madrid System)
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Major User Contracting Parties(Applications Filed)
Germany 6,090 7.5% 15.2% 5004 France 3,930 6.1% 9.8% 3205US 3,741 18.8% 9.4% 3172EC 3,371 37.9% 8.4% 3079Italy 2,664 -9.9% 6.7% 2129Switzerland 2,657 7.7% 6.7% 2360Benelux 2,510 -4.9% 6.3% 2037China 1,444 8.7% 3.6% 1298UK 1,178 11.8% 2.9% 1007Japan 984 19.8% 2.6% 1039Morocco 81 -21.8% 0.2% 72Algeria 2 -92.3% 0.05% 2Egypt 15 -31.8% 0.037% 28Kenya 1 -800% 0.01% 4Mozambique 1 - 2Sudan
No. Filings Growth Share Jan-Oct
2008 2007
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Most Designated CPs
Office of Origin 2006 2007 Share Growth Oct-08 China 15,801 16,676 4.5% 5.5% 14,535 Russian Federation 14,432 15,455 4.2% 7.1% United States of America 13,994 14,618 3.9% 4.5% 12,754 Switzerland 14,260 14,528 3.9% 1.9% 12,304 European Community 10,640 12,744 3.4% 19.8% 11,715 Japan 11,844 12,296 3.3% 3.8% 10,414 Germany 8,147 7,184 1.9% -11.8% 5,836 Singapore 6,717 7,005 1.9% 4.3% 6,247 Morocco 4,229 4,194 1.1% -0.8% 3,511 Algeria 2,472 2,411 0.65% -2.5% 2,026 Egypt 3,201 3,141 0.84% -1.9% 2,731 Kenya 1559 1560 0.4% 1,685
Mozambique 1195 1150 0.3% 3.75% 1,040
Sudan 993 1010 0.27% 1.7%0 901
2008
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International Registration Profiles
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International Registrations in Force
International Register contained on June 30,2008
• Some 499,000 registrations in force, representing
• Some 5.5 million active designations, belonging to
• Approx. 164,000 different right holders (many of them SMEs)
• Average number of DCP in an IR - 8.2 CPs • As from January 2008 until October, the
International Bureau received 33,618 applications
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Average Number of Designations 8.4
Average Number of Classes 2.3
Average Fee CHF3,549
All Fees 81%< 5,000 CHF
General Profile 2007
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Trademarks in Force (June 2008)
Trademarksby right-holder
1-2 marks3-10 marks11-100 marks101-500 marks> 500 marks
All
79.75%16.68%
3.38%0.18%0.02%
100.00%
131,41627,483
5,574294
25
164,792
Number ofright-holders
Right-holders(164,792)
Registrationsin force(499,230)
1-2 marks31.71%
11-100 marks26.75% 3-10 marks
25.5%
101-500 marks10.82%
> 500 marks5.22%
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Some Top Users (2007)
Holder CP
HenkelHenkel DEDE
Janssen PharmaceuticaJanssen Pharmaceutica BEBE
NovartisNovartis CHCH
L’OrealL’Oreal FRFR
UnileverUnilever NLNL
Société des Produits Nestlé Société des Produits Nestlé CHCH
Sanofi-AventisSanofi-Aventis FRFR
Siemens Building Technologies Fire & Security Products Siemens Building Technologies Fire & Security Products DEDE
BASFBASF DEDE
ITM Enterprises ITM Enterprises FRFR
BayerBayer DEDE
BIOFARMABIOFARMA FRFR
Richter GedeonRichter Gedeon HUHU
Lidl StiftungLidl Stiftung DEDE
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Communication and Information
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Electronic Communication Constantly Expanding
With Offices of Contracting Parties
– 6 offices (Australia, Benelux, Switzerland, EC, Republic of Korea, US) transmit IAs to IB electronically
– 4 offices (EC, Japan, Russia and US) transmit refusals electronically to the IB
– 4 offices (Australia, Benelux, EC and US) send modifications electronically to the IB
– 48 offices receive various notifications from IB electronically (of these 5 began in 2007 - Bahrain, Botswana, Cyprus, Egypt and Monaco)
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Information Products andServices (1)
Legal Texts and Guide − paper publication − on-line (free of charge)
WIPO Gazette − paper and CD subscription
− on-line (free of charge)
Fee calculator − on-line service (free of charge)
Renewal − on-line service
Madrid Express − on-line database (free access)
Romarin − on-line database (free access)
− DVD subscription (as from Oct 3, 2008 - additional enlarged information
available on Romarin database in relation to the status of a protection of a mark)
http://www.wipo.int/madrid/en/services
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Simulator – is designed to respond specifically to individual needs in
using the Madrid System – at the end of the simulation, it provides you with an
estimated cost of registering your mark
http://www.wipo.int/madrid/en/madrid_simulator/
Information Products andServices (2)
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Information ConcerningProcedures Before IP Offices
• The legal framework of Madrid system includes the national trademark legislations of all Madrid Member states
• In order to improve information concerning this issue, WIPO provides specific information in regard to procedures before IP Offices
– 74 country profiles to date
http://www.wipo.int/madrid/en/members/ipoffices_info.html
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Recent Developments in the Madrid System
• As of Sept. 1, 2009, a statement of grant of protection will be obligatory – improve accessibility of information regarding the fate of IRs
in designated CPs
• Enlarging the language regime – study to be conducted by WIPO for introducing Arabic,
Russian, Chinese and Portuguese as official filing languages
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Recent Accessions
• In the last 5 years 22 new Members joined MP – most recent
– Azerbaijan (P): April 15, 2007– San Marino (P): September 12, 2007– Oman (P): October 16, 2007– Madagascar (P): January 28, 2008– Ghana (P): September 16, 2008– Sao Tome and Principe (P) : December 8, 2008– Bosnia and Herzegovina (P) : January 29, 2009
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Prospective Accessions
• Most promising – Mexico, Israel, Tajikistan(A), Kazakhstan (A), Bosnia and
Herzegovina (A)
• Under consideration – Brazil, Canada, India, Indonesia, New Zealand, Thailand,
Sudan (A), South Africa
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Promoting the Madrid System in LDCs
• In order to improve the ability of trademark owners from LDCs to benefit from the Madrid System, WIPO offers applicants, originating from LDCs, a 90% reduction in the basic fee, since January 1, 2006
– Bhutan, Lesotho, Liberia, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Zambia, Sao Tome and Principe
http://www.wipo.int/ldcs/en/country
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Our Aim at WIPO
Make the Madrid System ever more
• attractive• flexible• user friendly• cost effective
to meet the expectations of
• rights’ holders• representatives• Contracting Parties
